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In the increasingly developing digital era, social media and digital platforms have become effective tools for disseminating information, including political propaganda. In the context of prolonged war and geopolitical complexity, digital propaganda has become an important tool in shaping public opinion and influencing people's perceptions of the actors involved in the conflict. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyzes social media content, online news, and other digital platforms to identify key themes in the narrative conveyed by the US government and their impact on domestic and international public perceptions. The research results show that the US digital propaganda campaign not only serves to support the country's foreign policy, but also to build a positive image of military intervention and support for opposition groups in Syria. This research found that there was a significant shift in public perception triggered by information spread through social media, where many users were exposed to narratives that tended to support US interests. Thus, this study highlights the importance of understanding the role of digital media in modern conflicts and its implications for foreign policy and social dynamics.

This study aims to discuss the views of the community in Tuntungan Village, Pancur Batu Sub-District, towards veiled students from the State Islamic University of North Sumatra Medan. Veiled students often face various responses from the community, ranging from acceptance to rejection. Some people think that the veil is part of a symbol of obedience in religion and the identity of Muslim women who obey the teachings of Islam. But others reject the use of the veil, because it is often influenced by negative stigmas that associate it with radicalism or terrorism. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to deeply understand the views of the community and the factors that influence it. This research found that there are differences in people's views that are not only nfluenced by religious understanding, but also by the level of education, exposure to information and direct interaction by veil users.

:Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

Smartphone users in Indonesia are projected to reach 195.26 million by 2024. This has led to increased competition among smartphone vendors, causing each vendor to compete to either increase or maintain their market share. One of the most famous smartphone brands in Indonesia is Oppo, which ranks among the top 2 smartphones in Indonesia based on the top brand index. This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of smartphone marketing strategies in Indonesia and analyze several variables that show inconsistencies in the research results. This research employed a quantitative method with a sampling technique using the Lemeshow approach, resulting in a sample size of 100 respondents. The collected data was then processed using SmartPLS. The research results showed that brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand equity had a positive and significant influence on consumer loyality. Furthermore, in the mediation test, brand equity was able to mediate the influence between perceived quality and consumer loyality but failed to mediate the relationship between brand awareness and consumer loyality.

As a communication tool, language requires precise rules in spelling and punctuation to convey messages effectively. Speaking means the activity of using a language. Language errors often occur due to language users who do not understand the language rules they use.  This study was made with the aim of identifying and analyzing spelling and punctuation errors contained in online news published by Sukoharjonews in the October 2024 edition. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to collect and analyze data containing language errors. This analysis classifies the types of errors contained in the online news portal into two types of categories, namely the spelling error category and the punctuation error category. The results of the analysis show the existence of various errors such as errors in writing foreign language absorption words that are not italicized which is the most common form of error found, as well as errors in the use of punctuation marks which often experience errors in placing a certain punctuation mark. These errors can potentially damage the clarity of the message and reduce readers' trust in the news. Therefore, news writers need to pay more attention to spelling and punctuation rules to ensure effective and accurate communication. This research emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of spelling and punctuation as part of the writing skills that journalists and writers should possess.

As a communication tool, language requires precise rules in spelling and punctuation to convey messages effectively. Speaking means the activity of using a language. Language errors often occur due to language users who do not understand the language rules they use.  This study was made with the aim of identifying and analyzing spelling and punctuation errors contained in online news published by Sukoharjonews in the October 2024 edition. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to collect and analyze data containing language errors. This analysis classifies the types of errors contained in the online news portal into two types of categories, namely the spelling error category and the punctuation error category. The results of the analysis show the existence of various errors such as errors in writing foreign language absorption words that are not italicized which is the most common form of error found, as well as errors in the use of punctuation marks which often experience errors in placing a certain punctuation mark. These errors can potentially damage the clarity of the message and reduce readers' trust in the news. Therefore, news writers need to pay more attention to spelling and punctuation rules to ensure effective and accurate communication. This research emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of spelling and punctuation as part of the writing skills that journalists and writers should possess.

This study aims to evaluate the QRIS management program for new users of Bale by BTN Mobile at Bank BTN KCP Ketintang, especially in the distribution of Surabaya University student identification cards and customer service. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews, in-depth observations, and documentation. There are four informant subjects related to this research, namely new customers, business people, customer service, and funding parties of Bank BTN KCP Ketintang, selected to obtain an in-depth understanding of the effectiveness of the program. The results showed an increase in the use of QRIS among new users of Bale by BTN. Through the cashback program, customers can use QRIS regularly. However, the use of technology and online systems in this program still faces challenges, especially related to technical problems that often arise in Bale by BTN mobile banking, which can hinder the smooth activation process.

Augmented Reality (AR) applications are rapidly gaining popularity across various industries, including education and marketing. By integrating real-world environments with virtual objects, AR enhances user understanding and information display for products. This paper explores Diminished Reality (DR) techniques, which are used to visually remove real objects from AR environments. Despite growing interest, much of the DR research predominantly focuses on maintaining consistency between real and virtual elements, particularly in texture handling on marker areas. Our study addresses the preservation of depth consistency using edge detection and planar segmentation to construct a depth map, essential for developing effective DR methods. We introduce a two-stage process involving depth mask construction, each stage equipped with error measurement for iterative refinement. Our proposed techniques, Planarity and Boundary Depth, are evaluated on a dataset of high-quality RGB images captured by digital cameras. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our methods across various performance metrics, confirming the practicality of our approach in enhancing AR experiences.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Islamic educational content on social media platforms and how Generation Z receives the content. The problem raised is the low understanding and interest of Generation Z in Islamic values, even though they are active in using social media. The research method applied is a qualitative approach using interviews and surveys involving 150 respondents from Generation Z. The results of the study indicate that Islamic educational content presented in an interesting and interactive way can have a positive impact on the understanding and interest of Generation Z. Respondents stated that attractive visual elements, the use of simple language, and the relevance of the content to everyday life increased their interest in the material. However, there are still challenges in creating consistent and high-quality content. Based on these findings, it is recommended that further research dig deeper into the strategy for developing more innovative Islamic educational content that is in accordance with changes in the behavior of social media users, and conduct longitudinal research to monitor changes in attitudes and understanding of Generation Z over time. This study is expected to contribute to the development of da'wah through social media with a more effective and attractive approach for the younger generation.  

Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

The implementation of digital technology in the judiciary system has become a cornerstone of public service improvement. This study examines the effectiveness of the E-Court application in optimizing public service quality at the Class 1A District Court of Batam City. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings indicate that the E-Court application significantly enhances the accessibility, efficiency, and transparency of court services by reducing processing times, minimizing manual paperwork, and fostering accountability. However, challenges such as technical limitations, digital literacy gaps, and resource constraints impede its full potential. Recommendations include infrastructure enhancement, comprehensive user training, and policy support to maximize the benefits of digital integration in public service delivery. This study contributes to understanding the transformative role of technology in judicial administration and its impact on public satisfaction.

This study investigates the use of administrative ethics to increase the professionalism of public services in the West Sumatra Provincial Government Social Service. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders and surveys of staff and service users using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). Research shows that the application of administrative ethics principles such as transparency, accountability and fairness significantly increases the professionalism of the apparatus and the quality of public services. Integrity, public trust, and operational efficiency of agencies can be strengthened by a strong ethical culture. In addition, this research found that continuous training, improving operational standards, and the use of information technology can help overcome problems such as employees' lack of understanding of administrative ethics and weaknesses in supervisory systems. Policy recommendations are made to encourage public services that are more responsive, professional and in line with community expectations.  

This study explores the application of the design thinking approach in the pre-planning phase of subsidized homeownership for Generation Z in Indonesia. As Generation Z enters adulthood and begins to plan for the future, they face various challenges in achieving homeownership, particularly regarding financial issues and access to subsidized housing programs. The design thinking approach is used to gain a deeper understanding of the needs, desires, and barriers faced by Generation Z through the stages of empathy, problem definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing. By focusing on innovative and user-centered solutions, this research aims to design a more relevant and acceptable subsidized homeownership model for Generation Z. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for housing developers and policymakers in designing more efficient and appropriate housing policies and programs that align with the socio-economic dynamics of Generation Z.

This study examines the role of social media in monitoring and preventing corruption in Indonesia, an issue that has become a primary concern among the public and government. With the increasing number of social media users in the country, these platforms are expected to serve as effective tools in enhancing public participation in overseeing corrupt practices. The research explores various aspects, including how social media enables the community to report corruption cases, share information, and build collective awareness about the impact of corruption. Additionally, this study highlights the challenges faced in utilizing social media, such as unequal access, negative responses from authorities, and the phenomenon of information fragmentation that can hinder constructive dialogue among the public. Through a literature review approach, this research analyzes various relevant sources to provide in-depth insights into the impact and effectiveness of social media in preventing corruption. The findings of this study are expected to offer recommendations for maximizing the potential of social media as a tool to support transparency and public accountability in Indonesia. With a better understanding of the role of social media, it is hoped that both the public and government can collaborate more effectively in the fight against corruption, thereby creating a cleaner and more accountable environment for future generations.    

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has driven significant changes across various sectors, with startup emerging as key players in the global economy. Despite their immense potential, many startup face significant challenges, including a high failure rate within the first five years of operation. Design Thinking, a human-centered approach, has surfaced as a solution to address these challenges by helping startup understand user needs, identify problems, and create innovative solutions. This study aims to analyse the application of Design Thinking in building an innovative and competitive startup ecosystem. Using a literature review methodology, this research identifies various tested approaches and strategies, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by startup in implementing Design Thinking. The findings indicate that the application of Design Thinking can enhance a startup's competitiveness by accelerating product innovation and improving responsiveness to market changes. The main challenges include a lack of understanding of the method and limited human resources with the necessary skills in technology and design. We suggest establishing Startups Incubator, with the framework adapted and modified to include active participation from stakeholder. The Startups Incubator will place members as strategic component of socio-economical system; will create a culture of adaptive innovation that is able to solve problems in society, in line with stakeholder needs, market realities and system complexity. By integrating some Startups Incubators, then we can create startups ecosystem that is continuously innovate and market-competitive.

Istiqlal Mosque, located in Jakarta, is an important symbol of Indonesian independence and the largest mosque in Southeast Asia. Designed by architect Frederich Silaban, the building combines modern architectural design with traditional Islamic elements. The mosque's main function is as a place of worship for Muslims, but it also has important social, religious and educational roles. With a capacity of more than 200,000 worshipers, the mosque is not only a place for congregational prayers, but also a center for activities such as recitation and celebrations of Islamic holidays. The mosque's spacious and open design allows for strong interaction between worshipers, creating social bonds that strengthen their spiritual connection. Apart from being a place of worship, Istiqlal Mosque also reflects a symbol of Indonesia's unity and national identity. Its location next to the Jakarta Cathedral Church illustrates the importance of interfaith tolerance in Indonesia. The mosque is also a center for da'wah and Islamic studies that invites many visitors from various backgrounds to exchange knowledge and deepen their understanding of Islam. As a religious tourism destination, the mosque attracts many tourists who want to experience peace and learn about its history and symbolism. Through its various functions, Istiqlal Mosque not only acts as a place of worship, but also as a social space that strengthens relationships between its users, reflecting the spirit of nationality and deep spirituality.

This article discusses the urgency of effective multimedia-based teaching materials in improving students' learning experience as a solution to the challenges of the times. By looking at the challenges of stagnant traditional education and the lack of utilization of technology in developing teaching materials. By utilizing various multimedia elements such as text, images, audio, and video, this research explores the use of multimedia on student motivation and understanding in the learning process. This article uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to explore various studies related to the use of Multimedia in the preparation of teaching materials. The results show that the use of multimedia-based teaching materials not only increases students' interest in learning but also significantly improves learning outcomes. Feedback from users shows that interactive and visual elements in learning materials are very helpful in understanding complex concepts. This study concludes that the integration of multimedia in education can be an effective strategy to improve the quality of learning in the digital era.

In the digital era of the 21st century, technology continues to develop rapidly, influencing various aspects of life, including business operations. This journal explores the concept of Technology 21 and its application in the development of integrated information systems for modern business. This research aims to understand how technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, can be integrated in information systems to increase operational efficiency and effectiveness. Through analysis of various case studies, this journal shows that integrated information systems utilizing Technology 21 not only facilitate better decision making, but also improve collaboration between departments and provide competitive advantages. By presenting the main components of an integrated information system, such as hardware, software, data, procedures, and user roles, this journal provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities faced by businesses in adopting the latest technology. It is hoped that the findings of this research can become a reference for practitioners and researchers in understanding the importance of technology integration in information management in the modern era.  

The research aims to examine awareness of the use of standard indonesian words through soscial media namely. With the davelopment of social medai, the language used tends to be freer and less struvtured. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach on accounts that focus on indonesian language learning. Data isi collected through observation of uploaded content as well as analysis of audience and follower interaction. The reserach results show tha the use of instagram can be an effective medium in introducing and educating the oublic about the importance of using standard words. The interactions  that occur between account managers and followeres help strengthen understanding and practice of using indonesian properly and correctly. It can be concluded that 75% of instagram accounts still need coaching regarding standard words and 35% have had increased coaching so that this research is expected to be a focus for instagram users tp be wiser in using social media.

This study aims to develop a web interface for a digital wedding invitation service provider (Fairytale) using the User-Centered Design (UCD) approach. The research method follows the UCD approach, consisting of four main stages: (1) understanding the context of use, (2) identifying user needs, (3) designing solutions, and (4) design evaluation. Data collection involved 36 respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and usability testing. The findings highlight three key functional requirements: template customization (94.4%), guest list management (88.9%), and digital RSVP (86.1%). The implementation of UCD resulted in significant improvements in usability metrics: task success rate increased from 65% to 91.7%, error rate decreased from 35% to 8.3%, and user satisfaction rose from 3.2 to 4.3 (on a 1-5 scale). Mobile-first optimization became a central focus, given that 72.2% of users prefer accessing the platform through mobile devices. This research contributes to the development of the UCD model for digital platforms in Indonesia and provides practical guidelines for user-centered interface development. The study's limitations include a small sample size and a geographically focused scope, suggesting opportunities for future research with a larger scale..