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This study aims to examine the life and influence of Simon Petrus, one of the closest disciples of Jesus Christ, in the context of Christian theology. From an ordinary fisherman, Petrus  underwent a significant transformation into an early Church leader, marked by the change of his name to "Petrus," meaning "rock." This study explores Petrus important role in the spread of the gospel and the development of Christian doctrine, as well as the impact of his teachings on the understanding of Christian faith today. The method used is a qualitative approach with an analysis of literature, including biblical texts and relevant theological sources. The findings show that Petrus experience of denying Jesus and his restoration after Jesus' resurrection reflect human vulnerability and the power of forgiveness. Petrus teaching on salvation through faith is the basis for many Christian doctrines, including the concepts of redemption and eternal life. This study concludes that a deeper understanding of Petrus authority and role in various Christian traditions can provide valuable insights for modern church practice, as well as emphasize the importance of forgiveness and perseverance in faith for Christians today.  

This study aims to understand and analyze the doctrine of the Bible as the foundation of Christian faith. The Bible plays a central role in various aspects of spiritual and ethical life for Christians. In the context of systematic theology, the doctrine of the Bible provides deep insights into the structure, authorship, and inspiration of this sacred text. This article examines several key issues, including the understanding of the doctrine of the Bible, the division of the books, the Bible’s authors, and the benefits and relevance of the Bible in spiritual life. Through an analytical approach to the doctrine of the Bible, this study seeks to elaborate on the role of sacred scripture in sustaining Christian faith amidst widespread false teachings and modern challenges.

The Eucharist has a deep meaning; understanding this will help Catholics to live it more deeply. One of the meanings of the Eucharist can be explored by knowing that the Eucharist has its roots in the Jewish Passover tradition. This article aims to discuss the historical and theological relationship between the Jewish Passover tradition and the Eucharist in the Catholic Church. The method used is a literature study. The article explains that the Eucharist has its roots in three main concepts of the Jewish tradition: heavenly manna, the bread of the Divine presence, and communion. These meanings can contribute to increasing the awareness and faith of the people in celebrating the Eucharist.

This article discusses the importance of developing a Christian Religious Education (PAK) model based on Christian theology and implemented through the active role of the church in carrying out the Great Commission. True Christian education does not only convey doctrinal information, but also forms the character, spirituality, and calling of the people based on the word of God. The church is positioned as a learning community and the main implementer of the contextual, transformative, and biblical theology-rooted faith education process. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this paper emphasizes that theological foundations, such as God as the source of education, the Bible as the basis of teaching, Christ as the focus, and the church as the implementer, are inseparable elements of PAK. Christian Religious Education based on theology provides clear direction in designing content, methods, and learning objectives that are in line with God's will. Thus, this education model is expected to be able to answer the challenges of the times, strengthen the faith of the congregation, and produce strong and relevant followers of Christ in society.  

Marriage in the Christian context is considered sacred because it is established by God as a depiction of the union between Christ and His church. However, the current reality shows a lack of holiness in Christian marital relationships. This writing addresses this issue by referencing biblical texts and the realities of Christian life. This paragraph explores theological views on the husband – wife relationship, emphasizing the importance of Christ's love and humility in marriage, as taught in Ephesians 5:22-25. Additionally, it highlights the importance of premarital counseling in preparing couples for the challenges of marriage. Psalm 90:10 is also used as a guide for facing difficulties and suffering in life. By considering biblical guidance and life realities, this writing emphasizes the importance of involving God in every aspect of marital life. The research method used is a theological approach, examining various biblical texts connected to Ephesians 5:22-25 and theologians' interpretations.

This study analyzes the exemplary nature of Abraham within the framework of education theological management. Abraham, recognized as the father of faith, embodies values of leadership, wise decision-making, and strong interpersonal relationships with God and others. Utilizing a qualitative approach based on a literature review of various books and scholarly articles, this research aims to explore the managerial principles derived from Abraham’s life and their applicability in contemporary management contexts.

This study analyzes the exemplary nature of Abraham within the framework of education theological management. Abraham, recognized as the father of faith, embodies values of leadership, wise decision-making, and strong interpersonal relationships with God and others. Utilizing a qualitative approach based on a literature review of various books and scholarly articles, this research aims to explore the managerial principles derived from Abraham’s life and their applicability in contemporary management contexts.

The preaching of the word of God does not focus on the position of pastor, or ordained minister, but rather the duties and responsibilities of every believer. The progress of the era changes all elements of society, both from the economy, social, culture, politics without exception in the ministry of preaching the word of God. The problems and challenges in the 4.0 era are still not finished, the 5.0 era is now here and has become a special problem and challenge for everyone, especially believers and this must be faced by the church. To answer this challenge, the author uses descriptive qualitative research seen from existing phenomena and interviews with church leaders. How do the church and believers respond to this and take advantage of digital opportunities in delivering the preaching of the Word of God based on digital era 5.0 without ignoring conventional methods but empowering technology and mastering technology in preaching the word of God because technology is able to break down dividing walls and connect them in a network and the preaching of the word of God continues to occur on the digital platform even though the preacher is not preaching the word of God.

In the context of the existence and function of the church, as well as within the scope of the clergy's duties, the question of ethical and pastoral legitimacy for a pastor to own and manage a business or venture that provides additional income outside the church institution continues to be the subject of ongoing discussion. There are views that are skeptical of this practice, arguing that the position of clergy as business owners can give rise to potential conflicts of interest, where business decisions and activities can potentially conflict with the principles and doctrines of the religion they adhere to. In order to explore this issue further, researchers are interested in conducting a biblical study, with a special focus on Pauline narratives related to this topic. The methodological approach adopted in this research is qualitative, with data collection carried out through extensive literature analysis. The findings of this research indicate that Paul does not seem to oppose the concept of bi-vocationalism. In contrast, the practice of clergy holding secular jobs in addition to their ministry duties may be considered a viable strategy, especially for smaller churches, as a means of supporting the continuity of their ministry.

This research explores the harmony between understanding New Testament theology and its application in the context of the modern congregation. Through a qualitative approach, we analyzed theological beliefs and daily practices in several congregations. Findings suggest that a good balance between understanding New Testament theology and its practical application forms a solid foundation for spiritual growth and transformation in the church community. Practical implications of this research include strategies for deeper religious education, spiritual formation, and the development of ministry initiatives that reflect the principles of New Testament theology. In conclusion, this harmony not only stimulates individual growth but also shapes the collective character of the congregation, strengthening the relevance of New Testament theology in facing the dynamics of the modern congregation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of theology study program students on healthy dating based on Christian ethics. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation and interviews with eight theology study program students from 2020-2021. The results of the study showed that students have three main views related to the foundations of healthy dating, namely: Good communication, mutual respect, and maintaining bodily purity. Based on interviews with eight students, it was found that these three perspectives are very important in building harmonious relationships and in accordance with dating ethics. However, students face challenges in maintaining healthy relationships, including environmental influences, temptations of lust, and unclear goals in relationships. For this reason, the application of boundaries and education regarding healthy dating is very necessary to help students understand and live relationships that are in accordance with Christian values. This study is expected to contribute to instilling ethical dating values ​​among theology students.

This study examines the role of Christian theological teachings in forming adolescent characters in the contemporary era. The modern era, characterized by technological advances and rapid social changes, brings various challenges for adolescents regarding morality, spirituality, and decision-making. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this research uses literature studies from various relevant sources to analyze how theological education can be a strong foundation in shaping character with integrity, strengthening faith, and developing moral resilience for Christian teenagers. The results show that the teachings of Christian theology not only play a role in building a personality based on Christian values but also help teenagers face the challenges of the contemporary era wisely and resolutely.

This study focuses on the concept of salvation by grace as taught in Romans 3:23-26 and its relevance to the understanding of the GKPPD congregation today. Through a literature review with a theological approach, it was found that the doctrine of salvation by grace is the core of Christian teaching. In this passage, the Apostle Paul explains that all humans have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23). However, salvation is given through redemption in Christ Jesus, not as a result of human effort, but as a gift of God alone (Romans 3:24). Salvation is given through faith in the blood of Christ which redeems and takes away sin (Romans 3:25). In the context of the congregation today, the understanding of salvation by grace remains relevant. Many GKPPD congregations are still trapped in trying to obtain salvation through or obedience to the law, even though Romans 3:23-26 emphasizes the importance of faith in Christ's redemptive work. This study highlights that teaching about God's grace should foster a sense of gratitude, humility, and commitment to living in faith, not in fear or legalism. This study confirms that the concept of salvation through grace is the center of Christian faith teachings that need to continue to be lived and conveyed in the lives of the GKPPD congregation today and increase theological knowledge about the concept of salvation and can be a reference for theology students and reading materials in the IAKN Tarutung library.

Krisis ekologis di Kalimantan Tengah ditandai oleh deforestasi, ekspansi perkebunan monokultur, serta penambangan ilegal yang berdampak serius terhadap lingkungan dan kehidupan masyarakat adat Dayak. Situasi ini menuntut respons yang tidak hanya bersifat teknis, tetapi juga teologis dan kultural. Artikel ini menawarkan pembacaan baru terhadap Handep Hapakat prinsip hidup komunal masyarakat Dayak sebagai praksis ekologi integral dan model ekopastoral kontekstual dalam terang ajaran Gereja Katolik, khususnya ensiklik Laudato Si’. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan orientasi hermeneutika teologis-kultural melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap literatur budaya Dayak, dokumen Gereja, dan kajian ekoteologi kontemporer. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Handep Hapakat tidak sekadar merupakan konstruksi sosial, melainkan praksis spiritual-ekologis yang menegaskan relasi harmonis antara manusia, komunitas, alam, dan Sang Pencipta. Nilai kebersamaan, tanggung jawab kolektif, dan musyawarah yang terkandung di dalamnya sejalan dengan visi ekologi integral yang menghubungkan dimensi ekologis, sosial, budaya, dan spiritual secara utuh. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi Handep Hapakat dalam karya pastoral Gereja memiliki potensi transformatif dalam membangun kesadaran ekologis, memperkuat inkulturasi iman, serta mendorong keterlibatan komunitas dalam merawat rumah bersama secara berkelanjutan.

Love is the main principle in Christianity taught by Jesus and emphasized by the Apostle Paul as the fulfillment of the Law. In the context of Batak society, the Dalihan Na Tolu social system regulates social relations based on the principles of honor, solidarity, and responsibility. This research aims to analyze how the law of love in Paul's theology can be integrated with the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu to build contextual Christian ethics in Batak land without losing the essence of the gospel. This research uses a qualitative method with a theological and ethnographic study approach. Literature studies were conducted on biblical texts, Pauline theological sources, and references to Batak culture. Hermeneutic analysis was used to understand the concept of the law of love in Paul's theology, while a study of Dalihan Na Tolu was conducted to identify its relevance to Christian ethics. The results show that there are similar values between the law of love in Paul's theology and the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu, especially in terms of love, respect and solidarity. However, some aspects of Dalihan Na Tolu need to be criticized, especially in terms of social hierarchy that can lead to injustice. Therefore, cultural transformation is needed so that the principle of love taught in the Bible can become the basis of Christian ethics that are relevant to Batak society. This research contributes to the development of contextual theology and provides insight for the church and Batak community in applying the law of love in social and traditional life.

Paul's theology of the Kingdom of God provides a profound understanding of God's governance that is already present and continues to develop in the lives of humanity. This concept encourages Christians to live according to Christian values such as love, justice, forgiveness, and peace. In Batak society, which upholds the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu and mutual cooperation, the values of the Kingdom of God can be integrated with local traditions to create social harmony. Active participation in the community through customary practices and social activities becomes a tangible manifestation of Paul's teachings about the Kingdom of God. Furthermore, this understanding offers hope and strength to Batak Christians in facing life's challenges, making their identity as citizens of the Kingdom of God a source of spiritual motivation. The integration of Paul's theology and Batak culture not only enriches local traditions but also strengthens Christian faith identity within the community. Through this contextual approach, a synergy between faith and culture is created, positively impacting daily life.

This study examines the impact of technology proficiency among students on the effectiveness of spreading the Great Commission at Sekolah Tinggi Teologi (STT) Kerusso. The urgency of this research lies in the rapid advancement of digital technology, which offers various tools and platforms that can support evangelism missions. Technology proficiency among STT students is crucial as it enables them to expand their reach and enhance the efficiency of delivering the Gospel message in this digital era. The primary objective of this research is to identify the extent to which students' technology proficiency affects their effectiveness in carrying out evangelism missions and to explore ways in which technology can be better integrated into evangelism strategies at STT Kerusso. This study employs a qualitative method using in-depth interviews and case studies. Interviews were conducted with students and faculty members of STT Kerusso who have experience using technology for evangelism. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to identify relevant patterns and themes. The findings of this study are expected to provide new insights for theological education institutions on the importance of integrating technology into the curriculum and mission activities to maximize the spread of the Great Commission.

Paul was a figure who initially hated Christianity, in fact Paul was ethically and morally a criminal based on religion. In fact he was a religious figure from the Jewish religion but he killed people who followed Jesus. However, behind Paul's crimes, before he converted, he experienced a personal encounter that changed his life completely. Paul experienced a very, very radical life transformation because at first he really wanted to destroy the people who followed Jesus, but instead he risked his own life to educate his life in preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The author uses literature-based research methods sourced from books and several journals, thereby helping the author to analyze the life of the apostle Paul and the life of theology students in the dormitory. Every theology student must experience a life transformation, because there are many young people who lived their past lives from different backgrounds or were not morally good, but on campus theology must change. So the author also believes that there are many theology students who struggle with ethics, generally theology students have a background far from the church but instead become servants of God. Formed in dormitory life and disciplined in life spiritually and morally.

The academic world is an important focus in doing assignments, which is a process that is full of obstacles because there are many challenges that students must go through while working on it. In Indonesia, there has been a threat to the well-being of students in the form of academic stress and there are various cases of the consequences of this pressure. This article aims to outline the importance of overcoming student stress in the academic field, as well as efforts to overcome the problem based on a biblical perspective on stress. Qualitative method with analytic descriptive approach, which explains the situation under study in detail through descriptive presentation. Qualitative research methods through literature studies related to "Theological Review of Academic Stress" can be accessed by reviewing journal articles and studying theories from the literature that support this research. This research can produce relevant data through analyzing various sources of information found by the researcher through explanations based on the researcher's observations of existing data. In the next stage, the research will explore the biblical or theological perspective on stress, relating it to academic stress. The research shows the results of the complexity of academic stress with implications for mental, emotional, and physical well-being as well as the quality of academic achievement. The theological perspective highlights how important it is to manage everyone's worries and stress based on a correct understanding of theology.    

The study examines the theological meaning of the symbols of water, wine, and blood in the Gospel of John and their interrelation within the perspective of Catholic theology. Grounded in John’s distinctive use of symbolism as a medium of revelation, the study treats these three symbols not as isolated narrative elements but as an integrated theological sequence. The study employs a qualitative method, utilizing a literature-based approach and biblical-theological exegesis of key texts. The findings indicate that water signifies the renewal of life originating from divine grace and is closely associated with Baptism; wine expresses joy and abundance within the new covenant, finding its resonance in the Eucharist; while blood marks the culmination of divine love manifested in Christ’s redemptive sacrifice. Together, these symbols form a progressive dynamic of revelation: from renewal, to communion, and ultimately to redemption. In the light of sacramental theology, these symbols not only reveal the identity of Jesus as the incarnate Word but also mediate a concrete experience of faith within the life of the Church. Thus, the Gospel of John demonstrates that God’s salvific work unfolds in an integral and continuous manner, remaining relevant for the contemporary practice of Christian faith.