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The author analyzes Sampang Regent Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Candidacy, Election, Appointment, Inauguration, and Dismissal of Village Heads, focusing on ambiguity regarding the dismissal of Acting Village Heads. Currently, around 50 villages in Sampang Regency are led by Pj. Kades who are being evaluated, but the regulation does not contain clear provisions regarding their dismissal. This creates legal uncertainty and potential turmoil in society. The author uses a normative method with case studies based on primary and secondary legal materials, such as the relevant Regent Regulation. The results of the analysis show that the lack of clarity in the rules for the dismissal of the Acting Village Head poses a risk of abuse of power and politicization, especially because the evaluation results are not transparent. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the Regent Regulation to provide a clear legal basis for the dismissal of the Acting Village Head, in order to create legal certainty in the village government in Sampang Regency.

Decent housing is one of the important factors in ensuring social welfare and improving the quality of life of the community. The need for decent housing is very crucial in big cities, including Surabaya, where population growth and urbanization are very rapid. Although this right has been guaranteed by various national laws and regulations, one of which is regulated in Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas, there are still gaps in its implementation at the regional level. This article aims to discuss the urgency of establishing a Surabaya Regional Regulation (Perda) on decent housing. As a legal basis that regulates minimum standards for housing quality, access to basic infrastructure, and guarantees of security and comfort for Surabaya City residents. The establishment of this Perda is currently important to overcome the problem of inadequate housing, prevent the emergence of slums, and support the sustainable development of the city of Surabaya. In addition, this Perda is expected to be a solution to the challenges faced by the Surabaya City government in meeting the need for decent housing for all levels of society in the City of Surabaya.

The enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022, concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation, is a follow-up to Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 regarding the formal review of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. However, during its formation process, Law Number 13 of 2022 can be considered as not meeting the criteria of an open cumulative law due to the Constitutional Court's decision. It is viewed as a tool to legitimize the flawed legislative process that followed the Court's ruling on Law Number 11 of 2020. The method used in this analysis is normative juridical, applying a statutory approach. The results of this research indicate that the reconstruction of substantive content using the omnibus law method in Law Number 13 of 2022 does not align with regulatory governance in Indonesia, which remains characterized by overlapping regulations—both horizontally and vertically—and is irrelevant to the existing decentralization system. The establishment of a National Regulatory Agency (BRN) is proposed as a constructive solution to ensure that the quality of academic drafts, methods, and regulatory content is thoroughly examined for feasibility, thereby creating a national regulatory system that is high quality, orderly, and optimal.

Aturan P2TL merupakan singkatan dari Peraturan Pencegahan Tabrakan di Laut, aturan yang memudahkan kapal-kapal berlayar dengan aman dan terhindar dari bahaya tubrukan antar 2 kapal atau lebih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan penerapan aturan P2TL pada saat kapal sedang berlayar untuk mengurangi bahaya resiko tabrakan antar kapal dan terciptanya keselamatan dalam pelayaran di kapal MV. Meratus Palembang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode penelitian statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, observasi, studi kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan aturan P2TL saat dinas jaga laut. Kemudian data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan SPSS dan di deskripsikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan penerapan aturan P2TL saat dinas jaga laut di MV. Meratus Palembang telah sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini untuk memastikan keselamatan di laut dengan mencegah kecelakaan yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian jiwa, kerusakan pada kapal, dan potensi pencemaran lingkungan di laut.

This research aims to analyze and find out the implementation of public policy regarding the Implementation of Child Protection in the City of Yogyakarta as well as the optimization of the DP3AP2KB for the City of Yogyakarta regarding factors that are obstacles to the Implementation of Child Protection in the City of Yogyakarta. The type of research used is empirical juridical. The nature used in this writing is descriptive with a focused interview research approach. The type of data in this writing is primary data obtained from observations in the field and secondary data originating from supporting sources such as journals, articles, regulations and other literature. The data collection technique used was a field study by conducting interviews with DP3AP2KB Yogyakarta City and the data analysis technique used was qualitative analysis.The implementation carried out by the Yogyakarta City Government regarding the Implementation of Child Protection has been very good, as evidenced by the regulations created as guidelines for the technical implementation of child protection. DP3AP2KB Yogyakarta City needs to optimize the role of related institutions to provide intelligence to every family in the Yogyakarta City area as a form of preventing obstacles that occur.

This study aims to find out and analyze  the regulation of environmental health management in Oeba Fish Market, Fatubesi Village, Kota Lama District, Kupang City, reviewed from Government Regulation Number 66 of 2014 concerning Environmental Health. This study is an empirical legal research that uses primary data and secondary data collected using observation techniques, interviews and document studies that are analyzed in a qualitative descriptive jurificial manner where the data obtained is selected and arranged systematically, interpreted and presented in the form of descriptions. The results of the study show (1) The Regulation of Environmental Health Management by the Oeba Fishery Port at Oeba Fish Market, Fatubesi Village, Kota Lama District, Kupang City based on government regulation number 66 of 2014 concerning environmental health as found in the field has been running but is not optimal. (2) Inhibitory Factors in the Regulation of Environmental Health Management in Oeba Fish Market, Fatubesi Village, Kota Lama District, Kupang City, namely law enforcement factors, facilities and infrastructure factors, human resource factors and community knowledge factors that are still very low regarding Government Regulation Number 66 of 2014 concerning Environmental Health.

Waste management is a significant issue in Indonesia, including in Indramayu Regency, with the volume of waste increasing annually, necessitating proper handling to mitigate its negative impact on health. This study focuses on waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun from the perspectives of Regional Regulation No. 12 of 2016 of Indramayu Regency and Islamic law. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis, with qualitative data analysis techniques. The findings indicate that waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun aligns with Article 15 of the Regional Regulation by implementing waste reduction through limiting plastic use and recycling, and waste handling through sorting, collecting, transporting, and processing food waste. However, the use of open dumping and incineration methods requires further evaluation to enhance effectiveness and minimize negative impacts. From the perspective of Islamic law, waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun complies with the principles of Fiqh Al-Biah, which emphasize environmental preservation, pollution prevention, reducing excessive consumption through recycling, and reforestation through tree planting—reflecting a commitment to creating an eco-friendly Islamic educational environment.

Unsur penting yang harus dimiliki agar desa dapat menjalankan fungsi pemerintahan dan pelayanannya adalah dengan mengatur kehidupan masyarakat desa yang bersangkutan. Salah satu hal yang dapat diatur oleh desa adalah dengan membentuk peraturan desa yang ditujukan untuk pelestarian lingkungan hidup di desa melalui Peraturan desa yang bernuasa hijau dan berwawasan lingkungan menjadi penting keberadaannya apalagi di daerah lahan basah seperti di Desa Panjaratan Kabupaten Tanah Laut. isu strategis yang dihadapi desa panjaratan yang mempunyai pengaruh yang besar, luas dan signifikan terhadap perbaikan kondisi masyarakat pada masa mendatang adalah aspek Lingkungan Hidup meliputi keanekaragaman hayati, pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, perlindungan lahan rawa dan perlindungan terhadap pengrajin atap nipah di daerah Kawasan rawa. Program ijau dan Pelatihan Pembentukan Peraturan Desa yang Bernuasa Hijau dan Berwawasan Lingkungan ditujukan agar adanya pemahaman yang mendalam bagi maasyarakat dalam penataan Kawasan lingkungan khususunya berkaitan dengan lingkungan lahan basah. Selain itu, mitra diharapkan mampu untuk menyusun peraturan desa sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dalam upaya melindungi lingkungan lahan basah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode yang disusun secara sistematis mulai dari identifikasi masalah, survei lapangan, penyusunan bahan pelatihan, sosialisasi penyusunan peraturan desa, pendampingan serta evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukan bahwa : Pertama, terdapat banyak persoalan lingkungan di desa panjaratan yang harus diselesaikan salah satunya dengan membentuk peraturan desa. Kedua, aparatur desa dan masyarakat secara umum telah mengetahui dan memahami pentingnya membentuk peraturan desa yang ditujukan untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup.

In many areas, the amount of waste continues to increase along with population growth and public consumption. One of them is in Badak Baru Village, Kutai Kartanegara. This causes serious environmental problems, such as pollution and public health. The problem that will be raised in the Community Service Program through KKN (Real Work Lectures) is increasing public awareness of the importance of good waste management. This KKN will be held from 24 June to 26 July 2024. This KKN program aims to increase public awareness of the importance of good waste management through activities carried out by KKN students. In order to create a clean and healthy environment, students carry out outreach regarding 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and effective ways of managing it. Other activities carried out include making Madding about environmental law, and also participating in the drafting of Draft Village Regulations on Household Waste Management and Guidelines for Organizing Waste Banks in 2023, as well as other actions in the surrounding environment. Through interactive and participatory methods, this KKN program has succeeded in attracting the public's attention and increasing their understanding of the importance of reducing, reusing and recycling waste.

On January 1 2024, the government has changed the regulation og tax income, calculation scheme using Average Effective Rate (TER) through Government Regulation Number 58 of 2023 concerning Withholding Rates for PPh Article 21 on Income in Connection with Work, Services or Activities of Individual Taxpayers. This change in the PPh 21 deduction scheme is because the current calculation scheme can confuse taxpayers and tends to burden those who want to carry out their tax obligations properly. This challenge is also faced by MSME actors in Jonggrang Magetan Village. Seeing the diverse levels of business and promising MSMEs, MSME actors are also faced with difficulties in fulfilling their tax obligations, coupled with the new policy issued by the government regarding calculating PPH 21 using the calculation method. Therefore, in order to support MSMEs to understand and implement their tax obligations correctly, a systematic and structured training program is needed. Therefore, this proposal proposes holding Training and Socialization of the Latest PPh 21 Calculation with Average Effective Rates (TER) Government Regulation Number 58 of 2023 concerning Rates of Withholding of PPh Article 21 on Income in Connection with Work, Services or Activities of Individual Taxpayers in Magetan Environmental MSME Association.

The Regional People's Representative Council's Pokir is the result of absorbing community aspirations conveyed by members of the Regional People's Representative Council in official and informal forums. This Pokir aims to ensure that regional development policies reflect the needs and desires of the local community.To determine the role of the Aceh Singkil Regency People's Representative Council in formulating regional development policy plans through the Main Thoughts (Pokir) of the Regency People's Representative Council In legal research, there are two types of research, namely normative (doctrinal) research and empirical research. The type of research used in compiling this thesis is a combination of normative (doctrinal) research and empirical research. Data collection methods are techniques or methods that can be used by researchers to collect data. Techniques in designating an abstract word that is not manifested in objects, but can only be seen in its use through: questionnaires, interviews, observations, exams (tests), documentation, and others. The data analysis technique used in this legal research uses qualitative analysis methods Based on the results of the study, the Regency People's Representative Council also plays a role in determining the regional budget that will fund various development programs. In this process, the District People's Representative Council must ensure that the budget prepared reflects the development priorities that have been set based on community aspirations. Thus, the District People's Representative Council not only acts as a political representative, but also as a supervisor of budget use to ensure transparency and accountability in regional financial management. The results of the discussion regarding the role of the Aceh Singkil District People's Representative Council (DPRK) in preparing the main ideas (Pokir) show that the DPRK has a crucial role in regional development policy planning. In accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 86 of 2017, the DPRK functions as a liaison between the community and the regional government by preparing Pokir that reflects the aspirations and needs of the community.So it can be concluded that according to the regulations, the District People's Representative Council is tasked with preparing the Main Ideas (Pokir) which are the results of absorbing community aspirations. This Pokir is then submitted to the regional government to be used as a basis for preparing development planning documents, such as the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and the Regional Government Work Plan (RKPD).  

Erlinda,  Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 of 2008 concerning Library Personnel Standards at SMA Negeri 3 Kayu Agung, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency.This research is included in the type of qualitative research. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique was carried out by analyzing the data of an interactive model from Miles and Huberman.  Research results: 1) Communication has not gone well, so the results achieved are not optimal. In the future, it is hoped that there will be better communication and coordination, so that every problem that occurs is related to the implementation of Permendiknas RI No. 25 of 2008; 2) The intensity of training that is not too routine plus the competence of less qualified employees causes the training provided to have less effect on work achievement; 3) The implementation of Permendiknas RI No. 25 of 2008 concerning Library Personnel Standards at SMA Negeri 3 Kayuagung already has  a clear operating system (SOP) standard; 4) In implementing policies, all policy implementers have a high commitment, and as much as possible will work with full dedication and responsibility for the achievement of the desired goals, as stated in Permendiknas RI No. 25 of 2008 concerning Manpower Standards The library.

Area landside memiliki berbagai risiko kecelakaan, sehingga petugas di area tersebut diwajibkan untuk menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) sesuai dengan peraturan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pelanggaran penggunaan APD oleh petugas Ramp handling dan faktor-faktor yang menghambat pemakaian APD tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui sanksi yang diterima petugas jika melanggar ketentuan penggunaan APD. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif, yang meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan petugas Ramp handling di PT. Gapura Angkasa yang beroperasi di Bandar Udara Internasional Juanda Surabaya, serta dari dokumen-dokumen pendukung perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pelanggaran dalam penggunaan APD oleh petugas saat bertugas di area apron. Selain itu, ditemukan faktor-faktor yang menghambat pemakaian APD oleh petugas di lapangan. Perusahaan juga berperan dalam menegakkan disiplin dengan melakukan pengawasan dan memberikan sanksi kepada petugas yang melanggar, baik terkait penggunaan APD maupun pelanggaran lainnya.

This study aims to determine the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes in Kupang City as well as the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes in Kupang City. To answer the above problems, this research method uses the Empirical Law research method using primary data and secondary data. The results of the discussion in this study show that, (1) The implementation of the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes The Kupang City Trade Office has never formed a single derivative policy/regulation as a follow-up to the regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 40 of 2022 on the ban on the import of used clothes, coordination between the Trade Office and SATPOL PP which is carried out in measuring the extent of the stages of Supervision and The control of the sale of used clothes has not been effective, the socialization carried out by the Kupang City Trade Office does not cover the possibility that the Kupang City Trade Office still finds business actors who sell used clothes. (2) Factors that hinder the implementation of the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes in Kupang City, namely Human resources owned by Trade Office employees are still not good, The low awareness of traders and consumers towards the applicable law makes business actors continue to sell used clothes even though there are regulations on the prohibition of selling used clothes,  Inadequate infrastructure greatly affects the responsibility of the Trade Office in supervising and controlling imported used clothes in Kupang City as well as the culture of shopping for imported clothes, this culture is very popular among people to wear used clothes.

The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that influence public compliance with traffic regulations and to find solutions for improving compliance. The data collection techniques used in this research include conducting surveys and field interviews, as well as gathering findings from various sources such as books, journals, and existing studies. As a country governed by the rule of law, Indonesia requires its citizens to abide by the laws in force, which is a fundamental principle in the context of law enforcement. The principle of the rule of law forms the foundation of Indonesia’s legal system, applying to all citizens and institutions, including the government. Compliance with the law is essential for maintaining order and harmony in society. Legal awareness is necessary for the comprehensive enforcement of regulations. Both the public and the government are responsible for understanding and complying with applicable laws, as well as fostering legal awareness in the community and future generations. The research findings reveal that the level of public compliance with traffic regulations in Surakarta is indeed influenced by several social factors such as education, honesty, and law enforcement. Based on these factors, solutions for improving public compliance with traffic regulations include strengthening law enforcement and enhancing the quality of education.

Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Mendeskripsikan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Perwako No. 42 Tahun 2016 Bagian 3 Pasal 5 Tentang Tugas Dinas PUPR (Studi Kasus Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Prabumulih). Penelitian Ini Dilakukan Selama Tiga Bulan Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Kualitatif Deskriptif. Pengumpulan Data Dilakukan Melalui Wawancara, Observasi, Dan Dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis Data Dilakukan Dengan Cara Penyajian Data, Reduksi Data, Dan Penarikan Simpulan. Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan Bahwa Salah Satu Permasalahan Yang Dihadapi Pegawai PUPR Adalah Pada Kondisi Tertentu Tidak Selalu Dapat Mengikuti Aturan Atau Tugas Pokok Dan Fungsi Yang Ada, Terkadang Pegawai Harus Lebih Fleksibel Dalam Menyesuaikan Diri Dengan Kondisi Di Lapangan Dan Terkadang Tidak Mengikuti Tugas Pokok Dan Fungsi Yang Telah Dibuat. Perwako No. 42 Tahun 2016 Bagian 3 Pasal 5 Tentang Tugas Dinas PUPR Yang Kemudian Diubah Menjadi Peraturan Wali Kota (PERWALI) Kota Prabumulih No. 10 Tahun 2017 Merupakan Suatu Kebijakan Yang Baik, Hanya Saja Bagaimana Dalam Pelaksanaanya Sangat Tergantung Pada Pegawai PUPR, Karena Kebijakan Tersebut Hanyalah Sebuah Aturan Yang Dibuat Berdasarkan Kesepakatan Bersama Untuk Dipatuhi. Lingkungan Kerja Pada Kantor PUPR Sudah Cukup Baik, Hal Ini Dapat Dilihat Dari Sikap Kerja Para Pegawai Yang Ada Di Kantor Tersebut, Kemudian Didukung Dengan Sarana Dan Prasarana Yang Memadai, Hal Ini Mengindikasikan Secara Empiris, Lingkungan Kerja Kantor PUPR Sangat Mendukung Untuk Membentuk Dan Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai. Ruang Kerja Pegawai Cukup Luas, Bersih Dan Dilengkapi Dengan Fasilitas Lainnya, Dengan Adanya Dukungan Tersebut, Sudah Pasti Akan Memberikan Kenyamanan Bagi Pegawai Dalam Menyelesaikan Segala Pekerjaan Dan Tugas Kantor. Kemudian Didukung Dengan Kemampuan Pegawai Dalam Bekerja Sama Dalam Tim, Pegawai Mampu Memahami Karakter Masing-Masing Dengan Setiap Kekurangan Dan Kelebihannya Sehingga Pegawai Mampu Bekerja Sama Dalam Menyelesaikan Suatu Pekerjaan Yang Menjadi Tujuan Atau Sasaran Organisasi. Situasi Di Lapangan Yang Terkadang Berbeda Dengan Apa Yang Direncanakan Dan Ditargetkan Sejak Awal Membuat Pelaksanaan Tugas Pokok Dan Fungsi Pegawai PUPR Tidak Dapat Terlaksana Dengan Baik.

Pancasila, aspthe foundation ofpthe Indonesianpstate, serves as thepultimate source ofpall sources ofplaw in the country. Although often a topic of daily discussion, Pancasila does notpseem to be explicitly mentioned in the Indonesian constitution. Therefore, this article aims to examine thepposition of Pancasila aspthe foundation of allpsources ofplaw, as well as formulatepsteps forpits application in buildingptheprule ofplaw in Indonesia. Thepresearch method appliedpin this article ispa literaturepstudy approach, usingpdata and referencespfrom various sources suchpas scientific journals,pe-books,particles, and relevantpmagazines. The purpose ofpthis writing ispto explorepmore deeply the conceptpof Pancasila aspthe basispof the entire framework of legislation in the Indonesian legal state, explain how Pancasilapis applied aspthe mainpsource ofplaw in the process of forming apstate ofplaw inpIndonesia, so that it can be understood the positionpof Pancasila aspthe foundation ofpall laws andpregulations, andphow it is applied as the main source ofplaw.

This study analyzes the position and function of the sub-district as a liaison between the district and the village government according to government regulation No. 17 of 2018 concerning sub-districts in Hawu sub-district, Sabu Raijua district. The method used in this study is the empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. The administration of the government of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial areas and the provincial area is divided into districts and cities, where each province, district and city has a regional government, which is regulated by law. The implementation of local government in the sub-district has undergone a change in status, which was initially an administrative area, now it is the work area of the sub-district as a district apparatus in terms of public services. A series of other changes also occurred, such as in the main duties and authorities in the sub-district. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position and function of the sub-district head in the sub-district government according to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018?, and (2) What are the factors that affect the sub-district head in carrying out its duties, and its functions according to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the researcher can conclude that the position of the sub-district and sub-district in coordinating the relationship between the district government and the village government according to government regulation Number 17 of 2018. The position of the sub-district is no longer a unit of government power, but as a unit of work or service area and the inhibiting factor that can affect the function and duties of the sub-district head lies in the human factor, this human factor is divided into several elements including the sub-district, village head and community leaders among the three elements there is only one element that provides an inhibited influence on the duties and functions of the sub-district,  These elements are the elements of the village head, the existence of village heads whose technological capabilities are lacking or what is commonly called technological stuttering (Gaptek) resulting in inhibition of communication through online considering that technology is now increasingly sophisticated, so the use of technology is indeed highly recommended to facilitate online communication between the sub-district head and the village head.

This study analyzes the position and function of village community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency based on Permendagri No. 18 of 2018. The method used in this study is an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data.  Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 (Law No.23 of 2014) concerning Regional Government states that in the village a community institution can be established stipulated by Village Regulations guided by Laws and Regulations. In the general explanation of the Law, it is explained that in order to realize democratization and transparency of development at the community level and to encourage, motivate, and create access so that the community plays a more active role in development activities as well as assisting the village government in managing development and community empowerment, it is necessary to establish community institutions in the village. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position of Village Community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?, and (2) Factors Hindering the Implementation of the Authority of the Position of Village Community Institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the author concludes that  the function of community institutions in the implementation of development in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency has not been maximized in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018. Some of the functions that have not been implemented include the preparation of development plans in a participatory manner, the shelter and distribution of community aspirations, and the increase of community participation in development. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the authority of Village Community institutions include lack of resources, limited knowledge and skills of village institution members, dependence on the central or regional government, corruption and nepotism practices, internal conflicts, and leadership instability.

Sweet tea drinks sold by street vendors are susceptible to contamination by bacteria. The presence of excess or pathogenic bacteria in sweet tea can cause health problems such as gastrointestinal infections, hence it is important to ensure sweet tea is free from bacterial contamination that is harmful to consumers' health. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka cemaran bakteri pada teh manis yang dijual oleh pedagang es teh manis di Kecamatan Plumbon Kabupaten Cirebon dan untuk mengetahui persentase teh manis yang tidak memenuhi syarat peraturan Badan POM RI No. 13 Tahun 2019 dalam parameter Angka Lempeng Total Bakteri dengan pemeriksaan pour plate (cawan tuang). This study used a survey research method. Sampling was done by total sampling. The samples of this study were 12 samples of sweet tea sold by sweet iced tea traders in Plumbon District, Cirebon Regency. Data analysis using percentages with simple calculations. Based on the results of the study, the highest bacterial contamination value was 16 × 105 colonies/mL and the lowest was 1.5 × 104 colonies/mL. Analysis of percentage data on 12 samples of sweet tea sold by sweet iced tea traders in Plumbon District, Cirebon Regency, 100% exceeded the threshold of the requirements of the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration Regulation No. 13 of 2019, making it unfit for consumption.