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Writing is a complex and fundamental language skill that plays a central role in developing students’ literacy, particularly in the context of producing negotiation texts. Negotiation texts are one of the text types taught in the Indonesian language curriculum that demand mastery of varied vocabulary, logical coherence, and persuasive language structures. Despite its importance, many students continue to face challenges in composing negotiation texts effectively. Difficulties are often found in choosing the right vocabulary, applying grammatical rules accurately, and constructing arguments that are logically consistent and persuasive. This study aims to analyze the extent to which students’ mastery of Indonesian vocabulary and grammar contributes to their ability to write negotiation texts. The research was conducted on class X students of MAN Kota Mojokerto using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through three techniques: analysis of students’ written negotiation texts, interviews with teachers and students, and classroom observations during the learning process. The results of the study reveal that most students demonstrate limited mastery of vocabulary, which results in repetitive word choices and restricted expression. In addition, weaknesses in grammar application often lead to inaccurate sentence construction, lack of cohesion, and unclear argument flow. These shortcomings significantly affect the quality of negotiation texts, which tend to be less persuasive, poorly structured, and unable to fulfill the standard criteria of negotiation text writing. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that vocabulary mastery and grammar proficiency play a crucial role in supporting students’ negotiation text writing skills. To address this issue, Indonesian language learning needs to adopt strategies that consistently emphasize writing practice, provide opportunities for vocabulary enrichment, and strengthen students’ grammatical competence. Such approaches are expected to improve students’ literacy levels, particularly in the production of negotiation texts.

This study aims to analyze the influence of derivative skills and literacy in economic mathematics on investment decisions of students in the Management Study Program. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to students. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple regression tests to determine the extent to which the studied variables influence investment decisions. The results of the multiple regression test indicate that derivative skills and economic mathematics literacy simultaneously have a significant influence on students' investment decisions. The coefficient of determination (R²) value is 0.551, which means that 55.1% of the variability in investment decisions can be explained by these two independent variables, while the remaining 44.9% is explained by other factors not examined in this study. This figure indicates that students' ability to understand and use economic mathematics concepts, especially in terms of derivatives, as well as their financial literacy, play an important role in forming rational and informed investment decisions. The results of this study indicate that mastery of economic mathematics concepts, especially derivative skills, has a direct impact on students' ability to make better and more logical investment decisions. On the other hand, financial literacy also influences how students assess and manage investments, resulting in wiser decisions. Therefore, it is important for educational institutions to integrate mathematical economics and financial literacy into their curricula to help students make more rational investment decisions and reduce potential future financial risks. Furthermore, this study also suggests the need to improve students' understanding of basic concepts in mathematical economics and financial literacy. Management study programs can strengthen their curricula by providing more in-depth training in the applications of mathematical economics, such as the use of derivatives in investment analysis.

In its ideal form, punishment is conceived as a rational and proportionate response to moral wrongdoing, grounded in demonstrable harm and clear culpability. Classical penological theories emphasize the principles of retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation, all of which presume the presence of intent and injury. However, in the case of Tom Lembong, punishment was imposed absent any proven crime, malicious intent, or measurable harm. Instead, it became a symbolic act, reconfigured as a performance of political theater to assert and preserve a sovereign narrative. This article advances two interrelated aims. First, it analyzes how the penalization of Tom Lembong reflects a wider pattern wherein legal institutions are repurposed to perform sovereignty and construct legitimacy through public spectacle. Second, it critiques the inadequacy of classical penological frameworks when punishment operates without moral fault or corrective intent. Using a qualitative research method and conceptual approach, this study draws upon library-based data sources, critically engaging with theoretical literature on penology, sovereignty, and post-truth politics. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, allowing conceptual mapping between legal practices and political narratives. The findings indicate that the punishment in this case functioned less as an instrument of legal redress than as political choreography. It transformed into symbolic currency designed to enforce narrative conformity and signal power consolidation. In such contexts, punishment serves not as a corrective measure but as a performative mechanism, signaling the dominance of a political order over competing interpretations of truth. This rupture in classical penological logic calls for a post-penological framework—one that accounts for punishment as a tool of narrative enforcement and symbolic governance within post-truth legal orders. Such a framework recognizes the transformation of legal acts into staged political performances, where the appearance of justice supersedes substantive fairness.

Batam City, as an industrial hub in the Riau Islands Province, plays a vital role in the region’s economic growth. However, a surge in inflation can affect investment interest, as investors tend to avoid areas with economic uncertainty. One of the main contributors to inflation in Batam is the food component, which experiences high demand, especially during certain periods such as religious holidays and the arrival of international tourists. Batam, which is not a food-producing area, faces significant challenges in meeting agricultural needs and currently remains dependent on supplies from outside the region. Geographic constraints, such as inefficient logistics, weather disruptions, and institutional weaknesses in the food sector, further aggravate inflation control efforts. In addition, hilly terrain and less fertile land limit the types of crops that can be cultivated, making food price stability critically important. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Low-Cost Market Operation Team Program (Tim Operasi Pasar Murah) in Batam City in 2024. The method used is Sequential Explanatory Design with a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative findings indicate that the average success rate of the program is 85.93%, with a target achievement rate of 90.12% and a satisfaction level of 86.11%. Qualitative results suggest that the policy of conducting low-cost market operations has been appropriate and carried out by authorized institutions, with strong collaboration between the government and the private sector. The program has succeeded in maintaining price stability ahead of the fasting month and Eid al-Fitr, receiving positive responses from the community and demonstrating good internal coordination. In conclusion, the low-cost market operation program in Batam City has been effective in curbing inflation before the fasting month and Eid al-Fitr. However, for comprehensive inflation control, relying solely on this program is insufficient. Additional strategies are needed to ensure sustainable food price stability.

The global maritime sector is currently facing complex multidimensional challenges, triggered by global economic dynamics, climate change, supply chain disruptions, and rising cybersecurity threats. In response to these conditions, the National Shipping Academy in collaboration with the Indonesian Maritime Researchers and Lecturers (IMERAL) held a National Seminar with the theme of Technology and Regulation Transformation in Logistics Risk Management. This activity aims to increase the literacy and capacity of academics, students, practitioners, and regulators in facing maritime logistics challenges through the use of digital technology and strengthening regulations. The seminar was held online via the Zoom platform, presenting speakers from a variety of backgrounds, including academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers. The discussion focused on digital transformation strategies in maritime logistics, harmonization of national and international regulations, and strengthening technology-based risk management systems. The results showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of strategic issues in the maritime sector, especially related to the integration of technology and policies in logistics risk management. In addition, this seminar succeeded in forming a collaborative network between stakeholders, opening up opportunities for cross-sector synergy in the development of sustainable maritime solutions. The policy recommendations compiled from the results of the discussion include the need to accelerate port digitalization, increase the capacity of maritime human resources, and the preparation of regulations adaptive to global dynamics. This activity emphasizes that cross-sector collaboration is an effective strategy in strengthening Indonesia's maritime competitiveness, as well as building national logistics resilience amid global uncertainty.

This study addresses the issue of unit delays in providing goods receipt notes and routine distribution of supplies to the general logistics department, which impacts the inefficiency of the non-medical logistics management process at Ibnu Sina General Hospital, Bukittinggi. Untimely logistics management can hamper the availability of goods, disrupt the smoothness of services, and increase the risk of stock outs. The purpose of this study is to obtain a comprehensive overview of non-medical logistics management at the hospital, particularly in the aspects of planning, procurement, and control. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with in-depth interviews with five informants. The research informants include Mrs. D as triangulation, Mr. Y and Mr. B as general logistics staff, and Mrs. D and Mrs. S as unit staff. Data were analyzed to identify patterns and obstacles that occur in the non-medical logistics management process. The results show that the entire non-medical logistics management process at Ibnu Sina General Hospital, Bukittinggi is guided by requests from the unit. Logistics planning is carried out based on the receipt notes submitted by the unit, procurement can only be carried out after the receipt notes are received, and stock control is carried out by summarizing requests in the stock card. Although the procedures complied with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) established by the hospital director, obstacles were identified, including delays in unit submissions and weak stock control at the unit level. This situation has the potential to lead to management inefficiencies and stockouts. The conclusion of this study confirms that the non-medical logistics management system at Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital, Bukittinggi, complies with SOPs. However, improvements in timeliness in submitting orders and strengthening stock control within the units are needed to optimize logistics management efficiency.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of Indonesia's economy with a contribution of around 60% to the Gross Domestic Product and the absorption of more than 90% of the national workforce. In the culinary sector, MSMEs face various challenges, especially in terms of limited access to technology, efficient logistics management, and the implementation of hygiene practices that meet standards. This community service activity aims to empower culinary MSMEs through a structured and comprehensive approach that includes technology training, managerial capacity building, and the implementation of food safety standards. The method of implementing activities consists of three main stages: (1) preparation and planning, (2) implementation of training and mentoring, and (3) evaluation and follow-up. The training is focused on the use of digital technology for business operations, financial and logistics management, and hygiene practices in food production. Mentoring is carried out intensively to ensure that knowledge and skills transfer is effective. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the understanding and skills of culinary MSME actors. Partners are able to adopt simple technology to support business operations, improve management systems, and implement better hygiene practices. In addition, this activity succeeded in building a collaborative network between MSMEs, academics, local governments, and the private sector, which strengthened the local business ecosystem. However, challenges in the form of limited financial resources and the need for ongoing assistance are still major concerns. Overall, this program makes a real contribution to increasing the competitiveness of culinary MSMEs, encouraging local economic growth, and supporting the development of an inclusive and sustainable business ecosystem based on community empowerment.

This study examines the effectiveness of the SIM Nasional Presisi (SINAR) application in facilitating the renewal of driver’s licenses at the Driver’s License Administration Unit (SATPAS SIM) of Polda Metro Jaya, DKI Jakarta. The SATPAS is responsible for managing and issuing driver’s licenses, and recent technological advancements have enabled a transformation of the renewal process from an in-person service to an entirely online platform via the SINAR application. This innovation eliminates the need for applicants to physically visit the SATPAS office, offering greater accessibility and efficiency. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through observation, structured interviews with relevant stakeholders, and documentation analysis. Campbell’s (1989) Program Effectiveness Theory serves as the analytical framework, utilizing five evaluation indicators: (a) program success, (b) program target determination, (c) program satisfaction, (d) input and output levels, and (e) overall goal achievement. Findings reveal that the SINAR application effectively integrates the issuance and renewal processes by connecting directly to the Korlantas Polri SIM Data Center. This integration ensures seamless verification and processing of applications. The program has achieved its intended targets, particularly in meeting public needs for a fast, accurate, and convenient service. The shift to online renewals has significantly reduced processing time and logistical burdens for applicants, contributing to a notable increase in the number of SIM renewals in 2023 compared to previous years. Furthermore, user feedback indicates high satisfaction levels, largely due to the convenience of remote access, the clarity of procedural instructions, and the reliability of the application’s features. Despite minor technical challenges, the overall implementation of the online SIM renewal service at SATPAS Polda Metro Jaya is deemed highly effective.

Punitive populism is a political-legal phenomenon that replaces legal rationality and corrective justice with a rhetoric of power that negates the protection of human rights and the rehabilitative function of the criminal justice system. In this context, criminal policy tends to be characterized by a repressive approach that prioritizes symbolic punishment for short-term political legitimacy. Social polarization further strengthens the destructive power of punitive populism by making the issue of crime a symbolic instrument in identity conflicts, thereby losing its autonomy and submitting to an emotional, majoritarian logic. This study aims to analyze how punitive populism, as a product of the interaction between populist logic and social polarization, results in the erosion of the basic values of modern law, particularly the principles of proportionality, legal certainty, and human rights protection. Furthermore, this study also identifies structural barriers that hinder efforts to curb its expansion in criminal policy. The study uses qualitative methods with a conceptual approach. Data were obtained through library research of academic literature, legal documents, and policy analysis, then processed using qualitative analysis techniques and presented descriptively. The research findings show that punitive populism has shifted the orientation of criminal policy from a paradigm of justice and rehabilitation to a logic of punishment that is reactive to public emotional distress. The mass media, particularly within a polarized information ecosystem, plays a role in shaping distorted perceptions of crime, thereby reinforcing public demands for harsh and immediate policies. This situation creates legal vulnerability to political instrumentalism, threatens the principle of the rule of law, and deepens social exclusion of vulnerable groups. To address this, strategic steps are needed, including limiting fear-based political rhetoric, strengthening independent legal institutions, and rebuilding a criminal law paradigm based on substantive justice, inclusivity, and respect for human rights.

Introduction the management of expired drugs is an important part of the hospital's pharmaceutical logistics system to ensure the safety of patients, staff, and to protect the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of procedures for returning expired drugs to the manufacturer or pharmaceutical company, as well as to examine the expired drug disposal system, particularly the methods of direct disposal to the Final Disposal Site (TPA) and open burning at RSUD Mohammad Natsir Solok. However, the implementation in the field has not been entirely effective. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The approach involved several informants who were directly involved in pharmaceutical logistics management in order to obtain in-depth and relevant data. The results of the study show that the hospital has not carried out expired drug destruction using the methods of direct disposal to the TPA or open burning. No clear information or official documentation was found regarding the use of these two methods. Informants stated that even if such methods were used, they occurred in the past and were not formally documented. The conclusion of this study is that open burning and direct disposal to the TPA have not become part of the expired drug management system at RSUD Mohammad Natsir Solok. The recommendation of this research is the development of clear operational procedures and increased staff awareness regarding the importance of safe and standard-compliant pharmaceutical waste managemen

In the ever-evolving creative industry, event management has evolved beyond mere entertainment to become a strategic tool for conveying messages and building public awareness. This study aims to examine the crucial role of coordination in the event production process, using the Pancaverse event, a case study that focused on a sustainable lifestyle. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study analyzes the coordination structure implemented, the cross-team communication system, and the challenges and solution strategies employed in the event's implementation. Data were collected through internal documentation, technical observations, and informal interviews with the organizing team. The results indicate that the success of the Pancaverse event was significantly influenced by a well-organized coordination structure, involving key roles such as the event director, stage manager, and vendor liaison. Each team had clear responsibilities, facilitating task allocation and ensuring the smooth running of the event. The use of communication tools such as walkie-talkies, instant messaging groups, and logistics applications significantly assisted in supporting real-time communication between teams, enabling them to stay connected and responsive to changes occurring on the ground. Obstacles encountered in the event implementation process, such as miscommunication, changes to the rundown, and external factors like weather and permits, were addressed through various strategies. Developing clear SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures), technical simulations to prepare for potential issues, and incorporating buffer time into the event rundown are effective solutions to address these issues. The findings of this study confirm that solid coordination is a key element in unifying the vision, streamlining operations, and delivering an event that is not only technically successful but also emotionally and educationally impactful for the audience. Coordination in an event is not merely a technical mechanism, but also a strategic foundation that is crucial for organizing an effective and meaningful event.

Introduction:This study examines facilities and infrastructure, which are crucial components in supporting the smooth running of hospital processes, particularly in the pharmacy department. Adequate facilities and infrastructure are essential for effective operational activities, although in reality, some healthcare facilities still do not meet established standards. Common problems encountered include limited storage space, inappropriate equipment, and a lack of professional pharmacists. The purpose of this study was to determine the drug storage facilities and infrastructure at M. Natsir Solok Regional General Hospital. The method used was descriptive quantitative, involving 15 logistics officers as respondents. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that storage facilities maintained appropriate temperatures in 60% of cases and inappropriate temperatures in 40%. Appropriate lighting in 53.3% and inappropriate lighting in 46.7% of cases, and appropriate ventilation in 73.3% and inappropriate ventilation in 26.7%. Regarding infrastructure, 26.7% of stainless steel shelves are in compliance, 60% of pharmacy cabinets, 53.3% of drug refrigerators, and 53.3% of cold storage facilities. In conclusion, the facilities and infrastructure at M. Natsir Solok Regional Hospital largely meet standards, but improvements are needed in ventilation, lighting, and the use of stainless steel shelves

The loading in and loading out processes are crucial stages in event production. Although often invisible to the audience, they have a direct impact on the smooth running and quality of the event. This study aims to examine the implementation of the loading process at the Pancaverse event held at Depok City Square, focusing on technical dynamics, field challenges, and the implemented solution strategies. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through a case study, where data was obtained through field observations, in-depth interviews with five key informants, and technical documentation of the event. The results show that the success of the loading process is highly dependent on several key factors, including detailed planning, clear work zone division, and responsive inter-team communication. Thorough planning before the event begins is crucial to minimize technical errors during the loading process. Furthermore, a structured work zone division facilitates coordination between teams and accelerates workflow. Effective communication between teams, both internally and with external parties, also significantly influences the smooth running of the loading process. However, external factors such as bad weather and miscommunication between vendors are major challenges faced. These challenges can impact the smooth logistics and the overall loading process. Therefore, risk mitigation is carried out through cross-checking logistics, intensive coordination with external parties, and providing backup plans in case of obstacles. The use of a logistics checklist and tagging system has also proven effective in accelerating the identification of goods during unloading, thereby streamlining the loading and unloading process. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of technical and managerial readiness in handling the loading process as an integral part of event production. These findings are expected to provide practical insights for event industry players in designing and implementing more adaptive and efficient logistics strategies in the field.

This study aims to investigate the effects of liquidity, financial leverage, capital structure, and operating cash flow on financial performance, with financial distress serving as a mediating variable. The population comprises transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023, totaling 37 companies. The sample includes 20 companies, with quarterly financial reports yielding 400 observations. Secondary data were employed, and purposive sampling was utilized for sample selection. The analysis was conducted using panel data analysis at a 5% significance level, facilitated by STATA Version 17 software. Mediation was tested utilizing the Sobel test with a critical value of 1.96. The results reveal that liquidity significantly impacts both financial distress and financial performance; financial leverage significantly affects both financial distress and financial performance; capital structure significantly influences financial distress but does not significantly affect financial performance; operating cash flow does not significantly impact financial distress but significantly affects financial performance. Collectively, liquidity, financial leverage, capital structure, and operating cash flow significantly influence financial distress. Furthermore, liquidity, financial leverage, capital structure, operating cash flow, and financial distress together have a significant effect on financial performance. Mediation analysis indicates that financial distress significantly mediates the relationships between liquidity, financial leverage, capital structure, and financial performance, whereas financial distress does not significantly mediate the effect of operating cash flow on financial performance. It is recommended that transportation and logistics companies listed on the IDX actively enhance liquidity, optimally manage leverage and capital structure, and strengthen operational cash flow management to minimize financial distress risk and sustain financial performance.

This research was conducted from June to July 2025 in Binjai City, with the primary focus being analyzing the readiness of the Binjai City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) to implement a flood early warning system utilizing artificial intelligence (AI). The data collection process was conducted through a literature review, which involved reviewing various theories and previous research results regarding the application of AI and Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the context of disaster mitigation. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of technologies such as ultrasonic sensors, microcontrollers, fuzzy logic, and automatic notification systems can provide real-time warnings with a high level of accuracy and a fast response. This system enables early detection of rising river levels through automatic measurements, intelligent data processing, and sending notifications to authorities and affected communities within seconds. By integrating historical data and machine learning-based predictions, this system is also able to depict potential flooding before it occurs, providing a longer response time for evacuation. However, the readiness of the Binjai City BPBD still faces various challenges, such as limited digital infrastructure, the need for human resource training in the technology field, and inadequate budget allocation. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration and ongoing policy support are needed for optimal implementation of this system. The use of AI and IoT in early warning systems is not only technically relevant but also urgent in the face of increasing climate change and flood risks. A strategy involving cross-sector collaboration between government, academia, and the private sector is needed to develop an adaptive and sustainable early warning system.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) by applying a discovery learning model assisted by image media in grade V of SD Nurul Khoir, Jambi City. The method used is Class Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The research subjects amounted to 26 students. Data collection techniques are carried out through learning outcome tests, observation of teacher and student activities, and documentation. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the completeness of student learning outcomes. In cycle I, completeness reached 73.92%, and increased to 85.30% in cycle II. This improvement shows that the application of the discovery learning model combined with image media is effective in improving IPAS learning outcomes. This model encourages active involvement of students in the learning process, fosters curiosity, and hones critical and logical thinking skills. Image media as a visual aid has also been proven to be able to strengthen concept understanding and improve students' memory of the material studied. In addition, the learning process becomes more fun and meaningful because students are directly involved in the activity of discovering concepts through the stages of observing, questioning, gathering information, reasoning, and concluding. Teachers are no longer the center of information, but play the role of learning facilitators. This strategy is also relevant to the cognitive development characteristics of elementary school students who tend to favor concrete and visual learning. Thus, the application of the discovery learning model assisted by image media can be an alternative to an effective and innovative learning strategy in improving social studies learning outcomes. Teachers are advised to continue to develop adaptive, creative, and contextual learning methods and media.

Mathematics is a universal science that underlies the development of modern science and technology, and has an important role in the development of human thinking. Mathematics is a subject that is based on logical, rational, critical, and systematic thinking patterns. Religion and rationality are two perspectives that have a strong influence. Humans view religious values ​​and rational values ​​as different entities, causing a dichotomy paradigm, especially in the realm of education. In the perspective of the epistemology of science in Islam, Islam and science are complementary and interdependent entities. The mathematical approach used here does not mean that Islamic values ​​are low, but only to increase the belief of Muslims that all knowledge is valuable and can lead to true goodness and increase faith and closeness to Allah SWT.To examine how Islamic values ​​are applied in mathematics learning, To identify and develop effective strategies or methods in integrating Islamic values ​​in mathematics learning materials, To measure the extent of the application of Islamic values ​​in mathematics learning.This study uses a qualitative approach, while the type of research used by the researcher is descriptive research.Mathematics as a logical and systematic science, has a meeting point with Islamic teachings that emphasize truth, justice, and balance. For example, the concept of monotheism can be associated with the order of the universe expressed through mathematical formulas, fostering a sense of gratitude and obedience. The implementation of Islamic values ​​that are rahmatan lil 'alamin (blessing for all nature) in mathematics learning, especially to form honest and fair characters in students.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) by applying a discovery learning model assisted by image media in grade V of SD Nurul Khoir, Jambi City. The method used is Class Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The research subjects amounted to 26 students. Data collection techniques are carried out through learning outcome tests, observation of teacher and student activities, and documentation. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the completeness of student learning outcomes. In cycle I, completeness reached 73.92%, and increased to 85.30% in cycle II. This improvement shows that the application of the discovery learning model combined with image media is effective in improving IPAS learning outcomes. This model encourages active involvement of students in the learning process, fosters curiosity, and hones critical and logical thinking skills. Image media as a visual aid has also been proven to be able to strengthen concept understanding and improve students' memory of the material studied. In addition, the learning process becomes more fun and meaningful because students are directly involved in the activity of discovering concepts through the stages of observing, questioning, gathering information, reasoning, and concluding. Teachers are no longer the center of information, but play the role of learning facilitators. This strategy is also relevant to the cognitive development characteristics of elementary school students who tend to favor concrete and visual learning. Thus, the application of the discovery learning model assisted by image media can be an alternative to an effective and innovative learning strategy in improving social studies learning outcomes. Teachers are advised to continue to develop adaptive, creative, and contextual learning methods and media.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of election-level simplification from a legal perspective to overcome the waste of election resources and costs. Elections in Indonesia have faced various challenges, including waste in excessive paper usage, overlapping stages, and inefficient budget allocations. These inefficiencies not only burden the General Elections Commission (KPU) but also affect the effectiveness and transparency of the democratic process. Simplification of election levels is expected to be an effective solution to reduce the administrative and material burdens that hinder the implementation of elections. By streamlining the structure and reducing redundant stages, election organizers can focus more on quality, security, and public participation. This study uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing relevant laws and regulations, such as Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, as well as various policies and proposals related to election-level simplification. The analysis also includes legal principles such as efficiency, effectiveness, and legal certainty. Furthermore, the study examines how other democratic countries manage election logistics efficiently to draw lessons that can be contextualized in Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to provide concrete policy recommendations that support the implementation of simplified election systems. These recommendations are aimed at optimizing the election process by minimizing waste, both in terms of budget and the use of natural and human resources, while maintaining the integrity and legitimacy of the democratic process. Thus, this study contributes to the discourse on election reform and democratic strengthening in Indonesia.

The use of office stationery (ATK) plays a crucial role in supporting the smooth running of administrative activities within government agencies, particularly within the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP). As an agency responsible for supervising and evaluating state financial management, the availability of adequate and timely ATK is a crucial supporting factor in ensuring the efficient and effective operation of BPKP. Unavailability of ATK can hamper administrative processes, while excess stock can lead to budget waste and inefficiency in logistics management. This study aims to implement an inventory control system for ATK use at BPKP using the Min-Max Stock method. This method is used to determine the ideal minimum and maximum limits for ATK inventory, with the aim of minimizing overstock and stockouts. With this approach, agencies can manage ATK procurement more efficiently based on actual needs and existing usage patterns. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Min-Max Stock method provides significant results in inventory management. For the type of ATK in the form of F4 size HVS paper, the minimum and maximum values are set at 12 reams. Meanwhile, for A4-sized HVS paper, the minimum quantity is 72 reams and the maximum is 98 reams. For other types of stationery, such as printer ink, the minimum and maximum quantities are set at 74 and 92 bottles, respectively. For BPKP logo folders, the recommended minimum is 240 sheets and the maximum is 325 sheets. By implementing this method, BPKP can optimally manage stationery inventory, thereby minimizing the risk of stockouts that could disrupt operations and preventing inefficient stockpiling. This approach contributes to more orderly, transparent, and cost-effective logistics governance within the government.