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The development of information technology has triggered significant changes in the Indonesian healthcare system, including through the implementation of telemedicine as a key innovation. This digital health innovation requires strengthening the role of health law to ensure service quality, patient safety, and legal guarantees for healthcare workers and service providers. This paper aims to examine the function of health law in the management of national healthcare services, with a particular focus on telemedicine healthcare services, and to evaluate the suitability of its regulations in protecting patient rights. The methodology used is normative legal analysis, which involves examining various laws and regulations such as Law Number 72 of 2023 concerning Health, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 20 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Telemedicine Services. Supporting data was obtained from reviewing national scientific journals, which discuss aspects of health law and telemedicine in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that health law functions as a mechanism to regulate service standards, protect patient rights, and oversee the accountability of healthcare workers in telemedicine practices. However, the implementation of regulations related to telemedicine still faces several obstacles.

Financial Literacy is a crucial aspect in supporting the success of a business for young entrepreneurs, especially in preparing financial reports. Financial literacy encompasses knowledge of money management, investment, and financial planning, while self-management encompasses skills such as time discipline, emotional control, and decision-making. "Improving Financial Literacy and Self-Management for Young Entrepreneurs of Polytechnic Students" has successfully achieved its primary objective with significant achievements. The general objective was achieved through a 25-30% increase in financial literacy and self-management scores, enabling students to manage their businesses more effectively and sustainably. Specific objectives were also met: workshops provided basic knowledge, mentoring trained practical skills, and the application of the concept of forming an aware community. Positive impacts were seen in reducing business risks and contributing to the polytechnic's entrepreneurial ecosystem. Positive impacts resulting from this program include reducing business risks and contributing to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem at the Polytechnic. This program is expected to become a model that can be applied in other educational institutions to support the development of young entrepreneurs in Indonesia.

Malnutrition and stunting among children under five remain major public health challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Stunting reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, while severe malnutrition indicates acute or prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, often exacerbated by infections, poor caregiving practices, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This case report aims to describe the clinical condition, contributing factors, management, and outcomes of a 14-month-old female toddler diagnosed with severe malnutrition and stunting without complications in Blang Dalam Geuteung Village, Nisam Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency. The assessment was conducted using a family medicine approach, incorporating detailed history taking, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status evaluation based on World Health Organization Z-score indicators. Interventions included nutritional rehabilitation through appropriate dietary intake, family education on balanced nutrition and proper feeding practices, routine growth monitoring, and optimization of primary healthcare services. The results showed gradual improvement in the child’s nutritional status, evidenced by weight gain, better appetite, and improved feeding patterns following the intervention. This case highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive family-centered management, and continuous monitoring in addressing malnutrition and stunting at the primary care level. Strengthening community-based interventions, improving caregiver knowledge, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers and families are essential to reduce the burden of malnutrition and support optimal child growth and development.

Faith is often understood as a personal and spiritual relationship with God; however, in Catholic theology, faith also possesses an inherent social and political dimension. This study examines the relationship between Christian faith and citizenship through a theological reflection on the political participation of Catholics in Indonesia. The research aims to demonstrate that faith and political engagement are not separate spheres but mutually enriching dimensions of the Christian vocation to promote justice, solidarity, and the common good. Employing a qualitative method with a literature review approach, this study analyzes biblical foundations, the teachings of the Second Vatican Council, and the Church’s social doctrine, alongside contemporary discussions on political participation. The findings indicate that political participation can be understood as a concrete expression of faith and moral responsibility, particularly through civic engagement, political education, advocacy, and social involvement. Nevertheless, many Catholics remain passive due to negative perceptions of politics, corruption, and a lack of political formation. The study also highlights the importance of maintaining the Church’s moral autonomy while encouraging lay participation in practical politics. In the Indonesian context, the principle “100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian” reflects an integrated identity in which religious commitment strengthens civic responsibility. Ultimately, this research affirms that authentic faith necessarily leads to active citizenship, where Catholics contribute prophetically and ethically to the transformation of society and the realization of the common good.

Radicalism and terrorism pose serious threats to national security and social order in Indonesia. In response, the state implements deradicalization policies that emphasize not only repressive measures but also preventive and rehabilitative approaches. Nevertheless, these policies require critical constitutional review to ensure their conformity with the rule of law and the protection of human rights. This study aims to analyze the constitutional foundations, the framework of positive legal regulations, and the challenges in implementing deradicalization policies in Indonesia. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, using library research on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that deradicalization policies are supported by a strong constitutional basis under the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly regarding the state’s obligation to protect citizens and guarantee the right to security. However, their implementation remains constrained by regulatory disharmony, weak inter-agency coordination, limited institutional capacity, and socio-cultural challenges within society. Therefore, strengthening institutional synergy, adopting more contextual and humane approaches, and improving regulatory frameworks are essential to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of deradicalization policies.

This research is based on the shortage of functional penghulu officers, which has become a serious issue for the government, particularly the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. This condition can affect the quality of services in marriage registration, family guidance, and the provision of legal certainty to the community. To overcome the emergency of penghulu personnel, it is necessary to propose that the position of penghulu also be granted equal access to women, whereas until now the position of penghulu has been dominated only by men. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a comprehensive study on the provisions regarding the opportunities and problems of female penghulu within Indonesia’s civil law system, in which civil law is the official positive legal umbrella governing penghulu affairs. This research is normative legal research employing a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Meanwhile, the primary legal materials of this research consist of various laws and regulations directly related to penghulu affairs. The results of this research indicate that the opportunities for female penghulu within the civil law system are very open, constitutionally valid, and not subject to any normative prohibition. The problems arise when female penghulu are requested to act as guardians appointed by the court (wali hakim) or entrusted with the delegated guardianship of marriage (taukil wali). This is because, under Indonesia’s civil law, a wali hakim or a person receiving taukil wali is required to be male. In addition, another problem is the existence of a specific requirement to be male that must be fulfilled in the recruitment of penghulu personnel as stated in the Announcement Letter on the Recruitment of Candidates for Civil Servants of the Ministry of Religious Affairs.  

This research examines the urgency of implementing the principle of joint liability in outsourcing labor relations in Indonesia following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. The primary issue addressed is the imbalance in the protection of workers' normative rights when service providers default, while user companies tend to distance themselves from legal responsibility due to the absence of a direct contractual employment relationship. The research methodology employed is juridical normative, utilizing a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that the flexibility of the outsourcing system in recent regulations often overlooks aspects of job security and worker welfare. The application of the joint liability principle is viewed as a fair legal solution to ensure that fundamental worker rights, such as minimum wages, social security, and compensation, remain fulfilled despite financial constraints on the service provider's side. The integration of responsibility between provider and user companies not only provides a guarantee for the workforce but also encourages the creation of a more ethical and responsible business climate. The research conclusion emphasizes that to achieve a balance between business efficiency and labor protection, national regulations need to clarify the position of collective responsibility in outsourcing practices in Indonesia.

Financial literacy is a fundamental skill that should be introduced from an early age to shape wise financial behavior. Elementary school students need to understand basic financial concepts to recognize the value of money, distinguish between needs and wants, and develop saving habits. However, many children still lack adequate financial literacy. This activity aims to improve financial literacy among elementary school students through a saving habituation strategy at SD Negeri 040530 Bunuraya, Bunuraya Village, Tigapanah District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The methods used included observation, teacher interviews, financial literacy socialization, and hands-on assistance in saving activities. The strategies implemented involved simple financial education, pocket money management simulations, creating piggy banks, and conducting regular saving programs at school. The results showed an improvement in students’ understanding of money functions, the importance of saving, and positive changes in financial behavior. Students became more accustomed to setting aside their pocket money and demonstrated more frugal and responsible attitudes. This activity indicates that consistent and structured saving habituation can be an effective strategy for improving children’s financial literacy from an early age.

The Lapindo Brantas case is the largest environmental disaster in Indonesia, causing significant environmental damage and widespread economic and social impacts on the surrounding community. This incident sparked debate about corporate legal responsibility for the damage that occurred. This study aims to thoroughly evaluate the responsibility of the Lapindo Brantas corporation using the responsibility theory approach and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The methods used are normative with case studies and legislative analysis to understand the mechanism of corporate legal responsibility in the context of environmental disasters. The findings of this study indicate that corporations can be held criminally liable for environmental damage, and in the case of Lapindo Brantas, the company bears legal responsibility in accordance with the principle of strict liability as stipulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. This study emphasizes the urgency of applying the principle of corporate responsibility as an important part of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia.

This study investigates the phenomenon of quasi-social movements that emerged during the August 25, 2025 protests in Indonesia. Quasi-social movements are defined as forms of public mobilization that appear to arise spontaneously, lack formal organizational structures, and are often leveraged for particular political agendas. Using a qualitative method supported by literature review, this research examines social movement theories, the functions of social media, and the socio-political dynamics that shaped the protests. The findings indicate that the protests were not purely the result of spontaneous civic engagement, but were instead driven by top-down mobilization orchestrated by elite actors through digital narratives, disinformation, and the broader influence of communication technology. This phenomenon signals a shift in the relationship between citizens and the state, including evolving patterns of political participation that do not always follow organized forms. The protests further illustrate how mass mobilization in the digital era can be generated through narrative construction and manipulation of public perception. In conclusion, quasi-social movements represent a new pattern of technology-mediated political expression, highlighting the need for more critical perspectives on modern forms of social mobilization.

This study stems from a classic question in the study of political hadith regarding leadership, specifically the hadith "The Imams are from Quraysh," which is often understood textually as requiring leaders to be from the Quraysh tribe. This kind of understanding often stops at the normative and historical level, without considering the socio-political context of modern society, which is fundamentally different from the early Islamic era. As a result, a gap emerged between the moral message of the hadith and the reality of the leadership system in democratic countries like Indonesia. This research aims to reanalyse the meaning of hadiths about Quraysh and non-Quraysh leadership, and to trace their relevance to the concept of state leadership in the Indonesian constitutional system, placing Islamic political theory and modern leadership theory on an equal footing (theory = theory). This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, with the primary sources being political hadiths and classical references such as al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah by al-Mawardi, supplemented by contemporary literature on the modern Indonesian government system. The analysis was conducted using comparative methods and content analysis to explore the commonalities and differences between the concept of Imamah in Islam and leadership in modern democratic systems. The research findings indicate that the hadith about Quraysh leadership cannot be understood rigidly as a limitation of lineage, but rather as an ethical guideline emphasising the principles of justice, trust, responsibility, and public interest. The ethical values in the hadith align with the basic principles of the presidential system in Indonesia, such as public accountability, limitation of power, and popular sovereignty, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite challenges such as corruption, the politicisation of religion, and weak leadership morality, the values of the hadith remain relevant if translated into public norms and modern governance practices. This research confirms that leadership in Islam and Indonesian democracy can complement each other, with Islam providing a moral and spiritual foundation, while democracy offers the legal and political structure to realise it.

This systematic literature review examines the implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Indonesian senior high schools. Following PRISMA guidelines, nine studies published between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed to identify the benefits and challenges of this approach. The findings reveal that CLIL effectively enhances student engagement, motivation, and the integrated development of subject knowledge and English proficiency. However, implementation is often hindered by limited teacher readiness, insufficient collaboration between subject and language teachers, and a lack of appropriate assessment methods. Analysis using the 4Cs Framework shows that while Content and Communication are prioritized, Cognition and Culture receive less explicit attention. The study implies that successful CLIL sustainability requires continuous professional development and stronger institutional support within the Merdeka Curriculum. These results provide a strategic basis for educators and policymakers to optimize bilingual instruction in Indonesia.

Internal governance and psychological safety are key factors influencing employee performance in private universities in Indonesia. Internal governance ensures efficient and transparent operations aligned with institutional goals, whereas psychological safety allows employees to express ideas and take risks without fear of negative consequences. Organizational communication mediates the relationship between these factors and employee performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of internal governance and psychological safety on employee performance in private universities in Banten, with organizational communication as an intervening variable. This study explores how these elements contribute to performance through effective communication. A quantitative approach was employed with a sample of 50 respondents from private universities in Banten. Data were collected via structured surveys, and SmartPLS 4.0 software was used to analyze the relationships between internal governance, psychological safety, organizational communication, and employee performance. This study found that internal governance positively influenced organizational communication, which significantly enhanced employee performance. Psychological safety also contributes to organizational communication but has a minimal direct impact on performance. Organizational communication plays a crucial mediating role in linking governance, safety, and performance. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening internal governance, fostering psychological safety, and improving organizational communication to optimize employee performance in private universities. By focusing on these factors, universities can create a more supportive environment that enhances employee engagement and effectiveness of the faculty.

This research aims to investigate the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) which are measured by 3 indicators; institutional ownership, managerial ownership, board indeoendence, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Tax Avoidance in Multinational Companies on Indonesia. The study used multiple linear regression with periods start from 2022 until 2024. The sample of this study is a multinational companies in Indonesia with the total of 47 samples for 3 years, the criteria of the company can be said multinational companies is if the companies had a entities in more than one country. Tax avoidance is measured using the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), while GCG variables and CSR disclosure are measured based on relevant ownership structures, board composition, and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index. The result shows that Institutional ownership had a significantly negative effect of tax avoidance, while the other three independent variables had no significant power in Tax Avoidance. This study concludes that tax avoidance in multinational companies is a complex phenomenon influenced by various internal and external factors beyond the scope of this research. The findings provide practical implications for regulators and investors and suggest that future research should consider additional variables, longer observation periods, and alternative tax avoidance proxies.

The untimely formation of government regulations on the delegation of laws is still a serious problem in the practice of forming laws and regulations in Indonesia. It was recorded that from 2021 to 2023 there were 16 government regulations that were formed late, which shows that there are problems in the follow-up mechanism for legislation delegations. The author analyzes whether the government has a legal obligation in the timeliness of the formation of government regulations as implementing rules. In addition, this study also examines the juridical and practical implications of the law if a delegated government regulation is formed late. The data used are quantitative and supported by doctrinal research methods through the analysis of laws and regulations, expert opinions, and related legal literature. The results of the study show that the government has a legal obligation to form government regulations in a timely manner. The delay in the formation of government regulations has an impact on disrupting the effectiveness of the implementation of the law and causes some provisions to not be implemented optimally because the implementing instruments are not yet available according to the specified deadline. In addition, these delays have the potential to cause legal uncertainty for the public, law enforcement officials, and policy implementing agencies. The vacuum of implementing rules can also trigger differences in interpretation, hinder policy implementation, and increase the risk of legal disputes. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of stricter monitoring and evaluation mechanisms against the deadline for the formation of government regulations to ensure legal certainty and regulatory effectiveness.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, particularly deepfake, poses significant challenges to legal protection due to its potential misuse for identity manipulation, defamation, and other cybercrimes. This phenomenon highlights a gap between technological advancement and the readiness of legal regulations in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze forms of deepfake misuse and to assess the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks in providing legal protection and certainty. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that Indonesian positive law does not yet specifically regulate deepfake technology, resulting in law enforcement relying on general provisions of criminal law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. The implications of this study emphasize the urgency of regulatory reform and the formulation of adaptive legal policies to address digital technological developments in order to ensure legal protection and justice for society.

The development of deepfake technology, which utilises artificial intelligence to manipulate images, videos and sounds, has led to a serious threat of sextortion. In the Indonesian context, high internet penetration and low awareness of digital security increase the risk of this crime. This research analyses the legal consequences of the misuse of deepfake technology in sextortion based on the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE). Using normative juridical methods and descriptive-qualitative analysis, this research examines the legal challenges faced in enforcing sanctions against this crime and provides recommendations to strengthen the legal framework in Indonesia. The results show that there are gaps in the legal framework that need to be addressed, as well as the importance of education and capacity building of law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime. In addition, the development of more sophisticated deepfake detection technology is expected to be a solution in tackling this abuse in the future.

This study examines the integration of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a strategic legal instrument to support the development of the creative economy in Indonesia. The creative economy has become one of the main drivers of national economic growth; however, its development is often constrained by weak legal protection of intellectual property, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the integration of IPR into CSR programs plays a significant role in enhancing legal awareness, strengthening protection of creative works, and promoting sustainable economic empowerment for communities. CSR-based IPR protection not only benefits right holders but also contributes to inclusive development and corporate sustainability. Therefore, strengthening CSR policies oriented toward IPR protection is essential to ensure balanced economic growth and legal certainty in the creative economy sector.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly disrupted the global labor sector, including in Indonesia. The urgency of this study lies in the growing inequality in access to digital skills and the lack of legal protection for workers in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the impact of AI on employment in Indonesia and to assess the adequacy of labor regulations in addressing digital transformation. This study employs a normative legal method with a juridical-empirical approach, utilizing literature review, secondary data, and qualitative analysis of labor policies and relevant regulations. The findings reveal that while AI has the potential to create new types of employment, it also threatens conventional jobs, especially in labor-intensive sectors. Moreover, Indonesia's labor regulations have not yet adapted to new, flexible, and platform-based work models, resulting in legal uncertainty for informal and freelance workers. This study contributes to the discourse on the need for labor law reform that is inclusive and adaptive to technological developments. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for responsive labor regulation reform, increased digital literacy, and continuous reskilling systems to ensure that AI-driven transformation does not create new inequalities in the labor market. Future research is recommended to focus on formulating new legal protection models for digital workers in the AI era.

Operational quality in the oil and gas sector strongly depends on the accuracy of monitoring instruments, such as oxygen analyzers. This study aims to validate the performance of an oxygen analyzer using the Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) procedure conducted by PT JGC Indonesia. The testing methodology involves the use of reference gases at different concentration levels, including nitrogen as the zero gas, to evaluate the linearity and consistency of the analyzer output within the 4-20 mA signal range. In addition, the tests are performed to verify the conformity of the instrument response with the datasheet specifications and applicable FAT procedures. The results show that the analyzer provides accurate measurement data with low deviation and a responsive alarm system under critical conditions. These findings confirm that the instrument meets the required technical standards. Based on the validation results, the oxygen analyzer is considered ready for installation and suitable for operation to support process safety in oil and gas facilities. This achievement confirms that a rigorous validation process is key to ensuring peace and operational safety in the oil and gas industry.