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Health financing is a subfield of health economics, where it refers to the amount provided by people at the individual, family, and community levels from public and private sources. The public and non-public sectors that work together to fund health care initiatives are all committed to improving health services and society as a whole. From the source of health financing, its implementation is directed at several main things, namely eliminating cost barriers to obtaining health services, equity in access to services, increasing efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation (resources) and adequate and acceptable service quality for service users. By making the implementation of the Social Health Insurance program and other private programs, health financing is more efficient and affordable for the community.

This research was carried out at the Multipurpose Health Center, Sako District, Palembang City. The purpose of this study is to find out the health services provided to Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS) patients at the multivehicle health center and to find out what factors are obstacles in providing maximum service to Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS) patients at the health center. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include primary data collection in the form of interviews and field observations, as well as secondary data collection in the form of documentation and literature studies. The determination of informants in this study uses the purposive sampling technique. The result of the analysis of this study is Health Services for KIS Patients at the Multiwahana Health Center, Sako District, Palembang City based on PERMENKES Number 04 Article (3) of 2019 concerning Minimum Service Standards (SPM). Health is assessed from the number of quality goods/services, quantity and quality of infrastructure. Health human resources and procedures for meeting standards are running well, this can be seen from the free services provided to KIS participants, namely KIS participants get basic health services at the Puskesmas free of charge, including examinations, treatments, immunizations and maternal and child health services. The provision of medicines at the Puskesmas ensures the availability of essential medicines needed by KIS participants. However, the flow of procedures and services at the multipurpose health center is quite clear, simple, not convoluted, and the officers are friendly. Then, the inhibiting factor in providing services to KIS patients is that there are still many people or patients who are not interested in the Healthy Indonesia Card program.

This research aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and find out the marketing strategies that can be carried out by Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital Simpang Empat. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews with hospital management and staff, and documentation studies. The results of the SWOT analysis showed that Ibn Sina Simpang Empat Islamic Hospital has a strategic location, and has been accredited with 5-star plenary twice. Weaknesses found include not having a complete permanent doctor, not being able to refuse policies from the Regional Government, limited hospital land making it difficult to develop, difficult to make strategic policies related to human resources and finance. medical services that are not updated and others. Opportunities that can be utilized include the many opportunities for cooperation with other companies, the only private general hospital in West Pasaman, a strategic location in the government area, the population of the West Pasaman community of around 441,773, a fairly good community economy, the UHC (Universal Health Coverage) system from the government, and Yarsi branding. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, this study recommends several strategies to improve the competitiveness of the Ibn Sina Simpang Empat Islamic Hospital, namely with aggressive strategies such as improving financial management, strengthening promotion and marketing, developing the competitiveness of the hospital.

Registration counter services as the main gateway for patient interaction with hospitals play a crucial role in shaping public perception of the quality of health services. However, Kaimana Hospital faces challenges such as long queues, limited physical facilities, and reliance on coordination between units, which have the potential to reduce patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the gap between patients' expectations and perceptions of the quality of registration counter services using the SERVQUAL model, focusing on five dimensions: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness (responsiveness). The qualitative-descriptive method is applied through direct observation during the workday, semi-structured interviews and analysis of secondary documents. The results of the study showed that officers were considered competent in providing Assurance information  and showed spontaneous empathy for the Empathy vulnerable group. However, the Reliability  dimension is hampered by long queues and reliance on the availability of medical personnel, while Tangibles is limited to physical facilities that are less adaptive during visitor density. Responsiveness is also influenced by fluctuations in the number of patients and coordination between units that are not optimal. The main gap lies in the absence of a digital queuing system, structured inclusive protocols, and standardization of officer competencies. Strategic recommendations include certification-based HR training, integration of digital queue technology, infrastructure optimization, and strengthening operational coordination. This research emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to create an inclusive, efficient, and sustainable service ecosystem, as well as a reference for regional hospitals in improving the quality of services based on the SERVQUAL model.  

The comparison of health law between Indonesia andMalaysia covers critical aspects of the healthcare system that influence the quality of life of their citizens. This study primarily focuses on occupational health and safety (OHS) for healthcare workers. According to global data, Malaysia has a better healthcare system compared to Indonesia, as reflected in its higher ranking on the Health Care Index. In Indonesia,health law regulations often undergo changes and revisions,such as the enactment of the Omnibus Law, which consolidates various health sector regulations. However, this has raised concerns about the diminishing legal protection for healthcare workers. In contrast, Malaysia presents a more structured system, with the integration of health and labor institutions through the Department of Occupational Safety And Health (DOSH), which ensures better workplace safety and clearer standards. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing legal documents such as Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health in Indonesia and the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Malaysia. The Malaysian approach is more preventive and promotive in nature, differing from Indonesia’s curative-dominated model. The study aims to compare the legal health regulations of both countries, assess their implementation effectiveness, and offer policy recommendations based on best practices applied inMalaysia to improve the quality of healthcare services inIndonesia. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has significant potential in the health sector, weak regulation implementation and supervision remain major obstacles. Therefore, a more structured and efficient regulatory reform is needed to enhance legal protection for healthcare workers and improve health services.

This study discusses the effectiveness of digital counseling services as a form of psychological intervention in reducing political anxiety among urban Indonesians in the post-truth era. This era is characterized by the massive spread of information that is often misleading and triggers public uncertainty and unrest, especially before and during political processes such as elections. Using a qualitative approach with case study methods and in-depth interviews, this study explores the experiences of urban individuals who participate in digital counseling services. The results show that digital counseling is able to provide a reflective and supportive space for individuals to understand and manage their emotions and political perceptions in a healthier way. This intervention has been shown to strengthen psychological resilience, reduce levels of political anxiety, and increase media literacy and critical awareness of urban communities towards national political dynamics. These findings recommend the integration of digital mental health services into psycho-political impact mitigation strategies in the digital era.

In facing the challenges of an increasingly complex and dynamic world of work, competency-based career management is a strategic approach in managing human resources, especially medical personnel. This study aims to examine the implementation of competency-based career management system in improving the professionalism of medical personnel in Banjarmasin Islamic Hospital. Using descriptive qualitative methods based on literature studies, this study highlights the importance of structuring career paths that are structured and oriented to technical and non-technical competencies, such as communication skills, leadership, and ethical integrity. The results of the analysis show that this approach is not only able to answer the internal needs of the hospital in building a professional work culture, but also a strategic response to the demands of quality health services, fast, and humane. The implications of this implementation are expected to encourage increased work motivation, service efficiency, and competitiveness of health institutions in the modern era.

This study aims to identify forms of violations of the right to health services in the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan, analyze the factors that cause them, and formulate preventive and limiting solutions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with six informants who were active BPJS Health participants in Tanjung Sari, East Jambi. The results showed that there was service discrimination in the form of different treatment between BPJS patients and general patients, patient rejection, administrative obstacles in emergency situations, and unavailability of drugs and medical facilities. Contributing factors include unequal distribution of health facilities, limited human resources, and a weak monitoring system. The experiences of BPJS participants confirm the gap between the program's objectives and the reality on the ground, reflecting a denial of the state's obligation to guarantee citizens' health rights. Comprehensive efforts are needed, including public education, administrative simplification, equitable distribution of health facilities, enforcement of strict sanctions, and active community involvement to realize quality and equitable health services.

Pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period can all be more hazardous for the health of the mother and fetus in high-risk pregnancies. By doing a thorough literature analysis, this study seeks to determine the contributing factors to high-risk pregnancies. Methods: A systematic review of the literature utilizing ten national journals from PubMed and ten foreign journals from Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were observational and cohort research articles published between 2020 and 2024, as well as systematic reviews of research articles with their determinants found in databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Maternal factors (age <20 or >35 years, history of chronic diseases, and maternal health condition), obstetric factors (pregnancy spacing too close, multiparity, or history of previous pregnancy complications), and socioeconomic factors (low education, limited access to health services, and poor economic status) are the factors that contribute to high-risk pregnancies, according to the analysis. Furthermore, bad lifestyle choices like drinking alcohol, smoking, and not eating enough food all play a big part. The study's findings emphasize the value of multifaceted initiatives that include education, better access to healthcare, and a comprehensive approach to policy in order to lower high pregnancy risk.

Quality health services are an important factor in increasing patient trust in medical facilities and health workers. One of the crucial aspects is accuracy in providing drug recommendations that suit the patient's needs. Drug recommendations are influenced by various criteria, including effectiveness, safety, price, availability, and potential side effects. However, in practice, there is often a gap between the patient's expectations and the reality of the treatment received. This can affect patient satisfaction and perception of health services. To overcome these challenges, a Decision Support (SPK) is needed that is able to provide drug recommendations in a more objective, measurable, and structured manner. This study uses the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method because of its advantages in processing various complex and diverse criteria. SAW works by giving weight to each attribute, normalizing the data, and then calculating the preference value to determine the best alternative from several available drug options. The results of the study show that the SAW method is able to produce more structured and consistent recommendations than manual determination. In this study, the drug with the highest preference value, which is 92.00, was recommended as the top choice. These findings confirm that SPK and SAW-based approaches can be an effective solution in supporting medical personnel, especially in the selection of external drugs. In addition to improving decision accuracy, this SPK also has the potential to be further developed, for example by integrating into an electronic medical record (EMR) or based on a mobile application, so that its use becomes more practical and accessible. Thus, the implementation of the SAW method in SPK not only provides benefits on the technical aspect, but also contributes to improving the quality of health services as a whole.

This study uses a qualitative method to provide an in-depth description of the strategic role of village funds within the State Budget (APBN) in improving the welfare of rural communities. Village funds allocated by the central government aim to accelerate development, reduce regional disparities, and strengthen economic independence at the village level. This research examines the mechanisms of distribution, management, and utilization of village funds and relates them to welfare indicators such as income, access to basic services, and economic empowerment. The results show that when managed transparently, accountably, and with community participation, village funds can improve quality of life through infrastructure development, better education and health services, and the growth of micro and small enterprises. However, challenges such as weak capacity of village officials, corruption practices, and lack of supervision remain obstacles that must be addressed. Therefore, synergy between central and regional governments and the community is key to the successful implementation of village funds.    

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems that still occurs in Indonesia. Stunting treatment does not only refer to medical and nutritional aspects, but is also influenced by social and cultural factors, including the social stigma inherent in families with stunted children. This study aims to examine the forms of social stigma against stunting and its impact on prevention and handling efforts in Santur Village. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study with an in-depth interview method with parents, posyandu cadres, local health workers, and village officials. The results of the study show that stigma in the form of negative labeling and feelings of shame often hinder parents from accessing health services and being open to information related to child nutrition. This information shows the importance of a community-based approach that not only focuses on the medical aspect, but also targets changes in people's social views on stunting. By overcoming social stigma, it is hoped that efforts to prevent and handle stunting can run more effectively and comprehensively.

Cesarean section (Sectio Caesarea) is a surgical procedure performed by making an incision in the anterior wall of the uterus to assist the childbirth process. This study aims to examine the application of Benson relaxation technique in reducing the intensity of pain scale in post-cesarean section mothers at Bengkalis Regional General Hospital (RSUD Bengkalis). This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted from November to December 2024, involving a sample of 15 respondents. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis, with the Chi-Square test applied. All respondents were post-cesarean section mothers. The findings showed that before the intervention, all 15 respondents (100%) experienced severe pain. After receiving the Benson relaxation intervention for 10–15 minutes, a decrease in pain scale was reported. The data indicated that the majority of respondents (86.7% or 13 respondents) experienced a reduction from severe to moderate pain. The statistical test results yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant effect of Benson relaxation therapy on pain reduction in post-cesarean section patients in the Mawar Ward of RSUD Bengkalis. It is recommended that RSUD Bengkalis consider adopting this technique as an innovation in health services, particularly in nursing care, to help reduce pain in post-cesarean section mothers.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by non-BPJS private hospitals in increasing revenue and competitiveness amidst the dominance of BPJS services in Indonesia. Private hospitals face challenges in attracting patients due to the perception of high service costs and limited public access. However, they have advantages in speed of service, modern facilities, and direct access to specialists. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach to various secondary sources such as scientific journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence), digital marketing, and customer relationship management through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are key to increasing patient attraction and loyalty. Collaboration with private insurance also provides added value through ease of payment and access to premium health services. This study provides recommendations for hospitals in developing adaptive, holistic, and patient satisfaction-oriented marketing strategies.

Community health services are the most important part of supporting community health. Puskesmas is a health institution that is very close to the community. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to supporting facilities and infrastructure in the medical records work unit such as work equipment, work procedures, work processes or systems, work environment, employee physiology and psychology so that medical records officers more productive at work. Based on observations made at the West Baktiya Community Health Center, it was found that the area of the medical records unit was 5 x 5 m2 with a ceiling height of 3 m, using a white ceramic floor, there were 6 windows, 1 door, 2 staff work desks and 3 cupboards for Save correspondence and other important documents. Lighting in the medical records unit room is 259 lux, noise is 53.3-62.0 dB, temperature in the medical records unit room is 33.1oC and humidity is 70%. In the medical records unit room there are no chemical substances in solid, liquid or gas form, and there are also no vectors or disease-carrying animals such as flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches and rats. The aim of this activity is to provide outreach regarding ergonomics in the medical records work unit at the West Baktiya Community Health Center. The implementation method consists of planning, implementation actions, evaluation and activity report preparation stages. The result of this service is that it can increase the knowledge of medical records officers and other healt

The existence of laws in health has been proven to have serious impacts on the health sector in various countries, including Indonesia. Through an analysis of philosophical texts and related research, this article reveals how corrupt practices affect the allocation of funds for the health system, disrupt the provision of adequate health facilities and services, and affect the quality of medical services. The economic implications of corruption on the health sector, including the high cost of obtaining quality health services and unequal access to health services. The social impacts of corruption are also analyzed, including poverty, unequal income distribution, and increased risk of criminal acts. In an effort to minimize the negative impacts of corruption on public health, this article proposes the implementation of strategies of transparency, accountability, and public participation. Implementation of the systeme-governmentand the active role of society ascitizen controlis a concrete step that can be taken to combat corruption and ensure more efficient and transparent use of public resources. The need for a joint role from the government, civil society, and the private sector in building a health system that is fairer, more transparent, and free from corruption. By strengthening the foundations of democracy and prioritizing transparency, Indonesia can move towards more equitable and quality public health for all people.

Building an effective and efficient health system is an important effort to improve the quality of health services in Indonesia, the implementation of RME is an integral component in the modern health service system. The government issued the One Healthy policy in efforts to implement Health Data governance. In order to achieve this, data variables and data formats/values ​​determined by the Ministry of Health must be used as a reference in the implementation of RME based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022. The aim of this research is to analyze data variables in the ETI Care application for outpatient registration at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Jakarta according to the applicable guidelines, that is Minister of Health Decree Number HK.01.07/MENKES/1423/2022. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data variables were obtained and their conformity with the existing meta data in the ETI Care application with government meta data, that is in the general identity there were 13 missing data variables and 2 variables that did not exist in the identity of the newborn baby, and 7 data variables that did not match the general identity and 1 data variable whose format/value did not match the identity of the newborn baby.  It is necessary to develop the system by involving users in adjusting technical and organizational policies. There are still data variables that do not exist in the ETI Care application in the outpatient registration section, and there is also a discrepancy between the format/value of outpatient registration in the ETI Care application and the format/value of Minister of Health Decree Number HK.01.07/MENKES/1423/2022. This requires further communication with the vendor regarding system development in accordance with applicable guidelines.  

As one of the oldest hospitals in Bekasi Regency, KM I Hospital is required to remain trusted by patients in choosing health services including inpatient care. The decline in BOR (Bed Occupancy Rate) experienced by KM I Hospital in the last 1 year indicates that hospital marketing needs to be improved.  This study aims to analyze the effect of competitive advantage and informational reference groups on patient's decision in choosing inpatient services with benevolence trust as an intervening variable at KM I Hospital. The research method uses a quantitative explanatory research approach. Respondents were 185 patients at KM I Hospital who were willing to be hospitalized. The sample collection technique was purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire, and the data analysis technique used SEM-PLS. Results show that Competitive Advantage and Informational Reference Group have a direct and indirect effect on patient’s decision to choose inpatient services through benevolence trust at KM I Hospital (p<0.05). These results theoretically support previous theories and research. Managerially, it is expected to provide input for KM I Hospital management to increase competitive advantage and strengthen informational reference groups. These efforts can increase benevolence trust and ultimately increase patient’s decision to choose inpatient services.

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in improving the welfare of poor households in Bekasi Regency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study focuses on an in-depth understanding of the perceptions and experiences of program beneficiaries. Data was collected through both closed and open-ended questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents, consisting of 50 Beneficiary Families (KPM) and 10 social facilitators. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods for the closed questionnaires, and thematic analysis for the open-ended responses and document study. The results show that more than 75% of respondents felt a positive impact in the field of education, while 72% regularly accessed health services such as Posyandu. Economically, 68% of respondents stated that the PKH assistance helped meet their basic needs, although it was not sufficient for long-term needs. Regarding implementation, 80% of respondents expressed satisfaction with the social facilitation provided, although administrative procedures and limited access in remote areas remain challenges. The conclusion of this study indicates that PKH has a significant social impact on poor households. However, the program’s effectiveness still needs improvement through streamlined administrative processes, adjustment of the aid amount, and greater attention to hard-to-reach areas so that the program’s benefits can be felt more evenly and sustainably.

The health services that will be provided must go through stages of approval from the patient verbally or in writing, so as not to violate the patient's rights as consumers of services and is one of the obligations of the health worker himself. This research aims to determine the implementation of informed consent in health services provided by physiotherapy students during field work practice in health institutions. This research also uses a sociological juridical method, which is the result of drawing conclusions as a result of connecting cause and effect variables in accordance with social science design. From the results of this research, it was found that physiotherapy students at Widya Husada University, Semarang, during field work practice in health institutions, always gave informed consent to patients before providing health services, either verbally or in writing. Students cannot yet be called full-fledged health workers, but when students practice field work in health institutions and provide health services to patients, they are required to provide informed consent to the patient first as a form of approval for the patient's actions.