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Bill Of Lading is a document of receipt of goods that have been loaded onto a ship that serves as proof of ownership, and a contract between the carrier and the sender. The export process in the shipping world requires the issuance of a Bill Of Lading as a condition for transporting goods and the obstacle is the exporter's delay in sending the Shipping Instruction document. The purpose of writing this paper is to find out the process of issuing a Bill Of Lading in the export of goods. as well as efforts made so that the export process can run smoothly at PT. Seroja Jaya Agency, Kuala Tanjung Branch. The efforts made so that the process runs smoothly, including the Bill Of Lading must be received directly from the carrier where the Bill Of Lading is issued by the sender, the Bill Of Lading must state the name and shipping address, the Bill of Lading must be signed by the captain, the Bill Of Lading must be matched with the invoice and Letter of Credit, the Bill Of Lading date must not exceed the shipping date, the Bill Of Lading must match the Letter of Credit regarding the implementation of payment.

The research is concerned with analyzing and measuring the impact of exchange ratechanges and their repercussions on local investment in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), asthe relationship between them is affected by global economic conditions such as high or lowoil prices and demand for the exchange rate internationally, as the response of the investmentsectors in Iraq to changes in the exchange rate varies, as the decline in the exchange rateencourages investment in the export sector and proves investments in the import-dependentsector, unlike its rise, which negatively affects the local economy The authorities are workingto take some measures and procedures such as providing financial support and incentives tosupport projects and thus promote local investment, as well as the political and securityfluctuations in Iraq that affect investor confidence and investment decisions and thus affecteconomic stability, and the relationship between local investment in Iraq and exchange ratechanges is somewhat complicated as they are affected by each other, so the monetaryauthority and investors must understand this relationship and understand its strategies in away that enhances and supports the investment climate in the Iraqi economy, Domesticinvestment and the exchange rate significantly affect the economic relations described in theARDL model , so it is recommended to develop fiscal and monetary economic policies thatsupport domestic investments and improve exchange rate stability to achieve moresustainable economic results.

Indonesia has significant fisheries potential due to its vast waters. Its abundant fishery resources have strong export potential. However, export activities often face challenges that cause export volumes to fluctuate. This fluctuation is influenced by various factors. These factors can be minimized using statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis. This study includes data characterization for each variable and testing PCA and factor analysis assumptions, including multivariate normality testing, independence testing (Bartlett's test), sampling adequacy (KMO test), anti-image correlation testing, PCA testing, and factor analysis. The results indicate that the percentage contribution of fisheries to GDP, the number of coastal villages with disaster mitigation facilities, and the average daily per capita calorie consumption from fish are relatively less dispersed and not highly variable around the mean. Additionally, all data meet the assumptions, and the sample size is adequate. Factors such as aquaculture pond production and the percentage contribution of fisheries to GDP sufficiently explain the data variations.

This research seeks to illustrate the effects of rate of exchange volatility on Iraq's trade balance .The report examines currency rates in Iraq from 2010 to 2022, including both official and parallel values. The study addresses the trade balance, encompassing exports and imports, and investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on trade performance through the ARDL model. It demonstrates a direct relationship between the two variables and confirms the absence of autocorrelation issues. Formulating a series of results and recommendations.

This paper explains the role of technology in optimizing container yard (CY) management at PT. Masaji Kargosentra Tama Belawan. PT. Masaji Kargosentra Tama Belawan is a shipping company that is a multimodal transport business entity, this company operates in the field of domestic warehousing services and import and export container Freight Station (CFS), with warehouse supply and distribution services. The container yard is one of PT's main facilities. Masaji Kargosentra Tama Belawan is used to form containers to minimize the risk of ship delays resulting in decreased loading and unloading production. In managing container yards, there are obstacles, including incompetent human resources and high implementation costs. For this reason, the purpose of writing this paper is to determine the role of technology in optimizing container yard (CY) management. The method used in this writing is field research (field research) where the author makes direct observations at the company and library research (library research) where the author obtains paper material from books in the library or other reading sources related to the main points. taken is the Role of Technology in Optimizing Container Yard (CY) Management at PT. Masaji Kargosentra Tama Belawan.

Rural economic transformation is a strategic step in improving the welfare of rural communities, especially in the era of globalization that drives intense market competition. One important aspect of this transformation is education and the implementation of halal production labeling. The application of halal labels not only increases consumer trust but also opens up opportunities for local products to be exported to global markets that increasingly emphasize product halalness. Education about the importance of halal certification at the village level becomes crucial in enhancing the quality and competitiveness of local products. Moreover, empowering communities through training and mentoring in the halal certification process can accelerate economic transformation. This research aims to analyze the impact of education and the implementation of halal certification on rural economic growth and identify the challenges faced in the process. The findings reveal that villages that have implemented halal certification experienced increased income, wider market access, and improved product quality. However, obstacles such as a lack of knowledge and high certification costs need to be addressed through more inclusive policies and government support.

Crude Oil, which has long been a mainstay sector in Indonesia's exports, contributes greatly to state revenue, thus driving the pace of national economic growth. In the context of the Indonesian economy, the crude oil industry plays an indispensable role, especially over the past few decades. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports to nine main destination countries—including Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, the United States, and Taiwan—in the period from 2003 to 2022. Some of the variables analyzed include exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices. Through the regression analysis method of panel data, the results of this study indicate that simultaneously, exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices have a significant effect on Indonesia's crude oil exports to these countries. Separately, the world exchange rate and oil price variables had a significant negative influence on Indonesia's crude oil export volume, while the foreign investment and production variables showed a positive and significant influence on export volume during the 2003-2022 research period.

Inflation is a complex economic phenomenon and has a broad impact, including on a country's import policy. When inflation occurs, domestic prices of goods and services increase, thereby increasing production and consumption costs. As a result, producers must increase product prices to maintain profit margins, which can reduce domestic demand and increase demand for imports because local prices become more expensive than imported goods. In addition, inflation also weakens the value of a country's currency, increases the demand for foreign exchange to pay for imports, and worsens the exchange rate. Countries with high inflation rates often experience trade deficits due to a surge in imports and a decline in exports, which in turn depletes foreign exchange reserves because they are needed to pay foreign debt and import goods that are needed but can no longer be exported. To overcome inflation, countries can adjust their strategies. import with more effective measures. Several steps that can be taken include: (1) Optimizing the Import List, namely prioritizing essential goods that are difficult to re-export; (2) Negotiation of Import Tariffs, with the aim of reducing import costs and increasing trade flexibility; and (3) Investment in the Local Manufacturing Sector, in order to reduce dependence on imports and increase domestic competitiveness. With this strategy, import policies can be anticipated and prepared proactively to be more effective in dealing with inflationary conditions. This abstract discusses the impact of inflation on import policies and strategies to deal with it, such as optimizing import lists, negotiating import tariffs, and investing in the local manufacturing sector.

Gastrodiplomacy is the diplomacy used by South Korea throughout the world, including Indonesia. Diplomatic activities can basically increase the country's export activities. During the Covid-19 pandemic, South Korean export activities in Indonesia experienced a decline. Therefore, this research aims to increase exports of South Korean food products in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic through South Korean Gastrodiplomacy in Indonesia. In answering these problems, the concepts of gastrodiplomacy and new public diplomacy are used. The research method used is qualitative which aims to find out in depth by exploring and understanding the central issues in the research. The aim of this research is to determine the increase in exports of South Korean food products in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic through gastrodiplomacy. The results of this research are an increase in export activities of South Korean food products in Indonesia and also an increase in the number of Indonesian people's interest in Korean food which directly encourages an increase in export activities of South Korean food products to Indonesia which continues to increase every year.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Dollar Exchange Rate, Inflation and Production on Tuna Fish Production in North Sumatra. The research method used in this research is associative method. This method aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables and the type of data used is quantitative. The data used is secondary data or time series from 2014 to 2023 sourced from the Statistics center and Bank Indonesia. The analysis method in this research is multiple linear regression method. The results of multiple linear regression show the results of this study that the dollar exchange rate has a negative and significant effect on tuna exports in North Sumatra. Inflation has a positive and significant effect on tuna exports in North Sumatra. Production has a negative and significant effect on tuna exports in North Sumatra. Based on the results of the F test the dollar exchange rate, inflation and production simultaneously have a significant effect on the export variable. The coefficient of determination test results show that there is a very close relationship between the dollar exchange rate, inflation and production on tuna fish exports in North Sumatra with a value (R-Square) of 0.905 or 90.5%. This result means that the magnitude of the influence of the dollar exchange rate, inflation and production on tuna fish exports in North Sumatra is 90.5% while the remaining 9.5% is influenced by factors not examined in this study.

Indonesia Eximbank (LPEI), as a state-owned enterprise under the Ministry of Finance, has a primary focus on export financing. However, LPEI is currently facing challenges in implementing sustainable finance. Sustainable finance is part of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) roadmap aimed at achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To address these challenges, this report aims to provide a financing alternative aligned with ESG principles. Blended finance was chosen as an appropriate alternative due to its inclusive and collaborative principles, which align with sustainable finance. Additionally, blended finance is expected to address the investment gap in the sustainable sector. By applying this scheme, LPEI can enhance its contribution to ESG implementation while expanding financing access for more exporters.

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a type of large pelagic fish that is spread in tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world and is a leading export commodity of Indonesia. This field work practice aims to increase insightknowledge, skills, and experience in the tuna canning process. PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the export of fishery products in the form of tuna in cans. The processing process carried out begins with receiving raw materials, washing and thawing, cutting, then cooking, showering. Furthermore, pre-cleaning and cleaning, metal detecting, filling meat, filling medium, closing cans, sterilization, incubation, labeling and packing, and the stuffing process are carried out. The quality control method used is sig sixma, where the resulting DPMO value is 6.41 and sigma 440.382. Meanwhile, the control chart calculations obtained central line (CL) results, namely points 3,4, and 5. Meanwhile, points 6, 7, and 10 were above the central line (CL) and points 1, 2, 8, and 9 were below the center line (CL). Then the Paretto diagram shows that 31%, 45% of can lid scratch damage, and 60% of can body scratch damage.

Development of the era in field of trade and industry has led increasingly advanced and innovative products and services created and used by the community. In the era of free trade, export and import opportunities are wide open and have an impact on the entry of products legally or illegally. This study aims to determine the reasons why consumers/victims of the use of cosmetics containing hazardous materials are reluctant to report to BPOM and to determine the form of legal protection for consumers who are harmed due to using cosmetics containing hazardous materials reviewed from Law No. 08 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Aspects that influence consumers not to report cosmetic brands using hazardous materials to BPOM are, consumer reluctance to use cosmetics with hazardous materials comes from combination of individual health problems, increased knowledge and awareness, ethical considerations, trust in regulations, and the influence of social and environmental factors. The circulation of cosmetic products containing hazardous materials will harm consumers, in this case business actors have certainly violated the Consumer Protection Law. These forms of legal protection create a just and orderly society by balancing individual freedom with the need for regulation and protection against various potential losses.

Using a quantitative approach, this study investigates the effect of port export and import volumes on economic growth in North Sumatra and West Sumatra Provinces. Time series data from the World Bank and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2023 are used as secondary data. The analysis uses the ARDL Panel model, which allows for analysis of data dynamics across time and regions. The results show that the three main indicators that affect economic growth (GRDP) in both provinces, both in the short and long term, are export volume, inflation, and exchange rates. In North Sumatra, export volume has a positive impact on GRDP, while import volume has a negative impact, indicating a risk of dependence on imports. Controlled inflation also has a positive impact, while the exchange rate shows a diversion. Policy recommendations are expected to improve global competitiveness and exchange rate stability through coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, support for the Export Capacity Building Program and MSMEs through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Framework (RCEP), and export diversification to reduce dependence on certain commodities. This study emphasizes that policies that are responsive to changes in trade at the national to international levels are an important foundation for stabilizing sustainable economic growth.

This research discusses the economic potential and creativity of the community in Jatirejo Village, particularly through thematic approaches and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. (MSME). The village of Jatirejo is famous for its various themes, including the Thematic Village of Kolang-Kaling (KOKOLAKA) in RW 1, which has become the icon of the area. The KOKOLAKA Village has 11 businesses processing kolang-kaling, including candied treats, crackers, meatball tofu, and Nasi Guling, which is a signature cuisine of Jatirejo. In addition, Jatirejo Village also has the Chili Pepper Thematic Village (KAMBERA) in RW 2, the Red Ginger Thematic Village (KAJERA) in RW 3, and the Green Fresh Farm (GFF) in RW 4. This culinary diversity not only meets daily food needs but also becomes a product that can be exported to other regions. This research also emphasizes the importance of digital marketing strategies to enhance sales and the popularity of MSME products, as well as identifying the challenges they face. Thus, Jatirejo Village can be said to be one of the areas with strong economic potential and high creativity, with various thematic types and small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that demonstrate the local community’s dedication to developing the local economy and improving the quality of life for its residents.

The shipping industry is closely related to economic growth in various countries. This transportation is very dependent on export and import activities. As the country's economy improves, especially in Asia, the maritime transportation business in Indonesia will also develop. The pattern of sending goods via sea transportation has changed, especially in terms of bulk transportation. which demands modern technology such as automation and intelligent control systems. This research aims to design and develop Android-based spreader control using Arduino Mega 2560 on a floating ship. This project is designed to increase efficiency and ease of operation in the loading and unloading process on ships, which previously still used manual control with a remote control or joystick which had limitations such as limited visibility. In this research, the spreader control system is connected to an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller via the HC-05 Bluetooth module, allowing the operator to control the spreader via an Android device. Test results show that data is obtained at a distance of 1 to 13 meters, the Android-based spreader control system shows a response time ranging from 1 to 9 seconds, which shows that the system is functioning properly. At a distance of 14 to 19 meters, the response time increases to 18 seconds, indicating quite good system performance. This shows that there is quite significant latency in data transmission. However, the system still managed to carry out spreader control well. At 20 meters, the system failed to respond to the spreader control. This shows that the effective range of this Bluetooth module is below 15 meters. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of automatic control technology in the shipping industry, especially in the use of intelligent control systems integrated with mobile devices.

This study aims to explore the application of Sharia economic principles in export and import trade through a qualitative approach. Sharia principles such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir, as well as fairness and transparency in transactions, are examined in the context of international trade practices. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with traders, Sharia practitioners, and financial experts. The results show that despite challenges such as riba-free financing and currency fluctuation risks, Sharia-based solutions like salam contracts, murabahah, and wa’ad methods can help overcome these obstacles. This study highlights the potential of Sharia economics in fostering more ethical and sustainable international trade. With the growing global interest in ethical trade, Sharia principles have the potential to play a significant role in the future of international commerce.

Asnan Ridoanrisna. Efficiency Of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica Rapa) In Maintaining Water Quality To Support The Survival Rate Of Tilapia. Under Guidance By Robin And Novita Mz. Tilapia is a freshwater fish commodity with high economic value. According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), tilapia exports reached 12.29 thousand tons with a value of USD 78.44 million. Tilapia farming faces the risk of mortality which can lead to economic losses, one of which is caused by organic pollution. To address this issue, this research employs phytoremediation methods with varying plant densities to improve water quality and tilapia survival. The study was conducted with four treatments: A75 (plant density 75% of the aquarium surface area), A50 (50%), A25 (25%), and A0 (no plants), using an aquarium size of 60 x 30 x 50 cm³. Each treatment received chicken manure at 1.8 grams per aquarium and 40 tilapia fish per aquarium. Observations were made over 15 days in March 2023, measuring physical and chemical water parameters including DO, pH, TDS, temperature, and ammonia, as well as calculating the survival rate of tilapia. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the study found that treatment A75 achieved the highest survival rate at 62.5%. This result indicates that higher plant density in the phytoremediation method is more effective in maintaining water quality and supporting tilapia survival.

Export means transporting or bringing goods and services from one country to another coun-try. In order to evaluate how strong export competitiveness is and identify market opportunities, specific calculation methods and approaches regarding comparative advantage are needed. One of them is using the "revealed comparative advanced" (RCA) method, which provides an accu-rate picture of how competitive a product is in the international market. One measuring tool is the Balassa index, where a value of more than one (>1) indicates a strong level of competitive-ness for export products to the destination country. Conversely, a value less than one (<1) indi-cates low competitiveness and sales difficulties in that market. The calculation results show that Timor Leste has an average Balassa index of 60.685, followed by Brunei Darussalam with a Balassa index value of 12.526 and Malaysia of 4.987 and with a stable value, thus indicating good potential for exporters who want to market coffee products. roast them to the country. However, Thailand has little potential with a Balassa index of 1.944. In contrast, Singapore and the Philippines have an average Balassa index below 1, indicating there is no great potential as a profitable export market.

Indonesia is the first palm oil producing country and palm oil exporter in the world. In recent years, the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports has decreased. The determinants of the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports are the United States dollar exchange rate, the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantations, and the price of CPO. This research aims to analyze the influence of the United States dollar exchange rate, oil palm land area, and CPO prices in the short term and long term, simultaneously and partially on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The type of data in this research is secondary data in the form of quantitative data obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank Indonesia and the World Bank. This research was conducted in Indonesia from 1994-2023, with a total of 30 observations. The data analysis technique used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of the research show that the US dollar exchange rate and the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantations in the short and long term have a significant effect, while the CPO price has an insignificant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The United States dollar exchange rate, the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantations, and the price of CPO simultaneously influence the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The United States dollar exchange rate has a partially negative and significant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The area of ​​Indonesian oil palm land has a partially positive and significant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. CPO prices have a negative and partially insignificant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports.