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Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly, characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, chronic pain, joint stiffness, and reduced functional capacity. In Indonesia, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is notably high, affecting over 30% of individuals aged above 60 years. This condition leads to significant health burdens, impaired quality of life, and increased economic costs. Non-pharmacological management strategies such as hydrotherapy and quadriceps exercise are widely recommended to relieve pain and improve joint function. Hydrotherapy utilizes the physical properties of water including buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and warmth to reduce joint loading, enhance circulation, and promote relaxation. Quadriceps exercise, on the other hand, focuses on strengthening the quadriceps muscle to stabilize the knee joint, thereby reducing pain and improving functionality. The combination of these two interventions is expected to provide greater benefits than a single modality. Research Design: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test approach on 12 elderly respondents with knee osteoarthritis at OSF Magdalena Daemen BSB Convent. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention, which consisted of hydrotherapy and quadriceps exercise administered twice a week for four weeks. Results: The findings showed a decrease in the mean pain score from 4.42 to 3.08, with the Wilcoxon test yielding p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain levels before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The combination of hydrotherapy and quadriceps exercise is effective in reducing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This study explores the urgency of enacting a specific Electronic Waste Management Law in Indonesia as a legal foundation to support the achievement of net zero emissions. Using a normative juridical approach, the research analyzes existing legal shortcomings, the application of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) principle, and comparative insights from international e-waste regulatory frameworks. The findings indicate that current environmental regulations, such as Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on Hazardous Waste Management, do not explicitly regulate electronic waste. As a result, e-waste management remains fragmented and largely handled by the informal sector without adequate supervision or accountability mechanisms. Therefore, the establishment of a comprehensive E-Waste Law is crucial to enhance Indonesia’s legal structure, substantive norms, and legal culture in supporting a sustainable circular economy. Through the implementation of EPR and shared responsibility among producers, consumers, and government institutions, the law can function as a strategic tool to minimize electronic waste generation, improve recycling efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. Such legal innovation would reinforce Indonesia’s environmental governance and accelerate progress toward its national goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2060.

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the local fruit commodities with high potential as a source of functional natural ingredients. This study aims to identify the morphological characteristics and profile the phytochemical content of local Sumenep sugar apple fruit as a basis for the development of its bioactivity. Morphological observations were carried out in the Sumenep area, including fruit shape, size, stem circumference, leaf characteristics, and flower parts. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using qualitative tests for tannins and saponins, while tests for flavonoids and alkaloids are planned for the next stage. Observation results showed that local Sumenep sugar apple fruits have morphological variations in the form of ovoid, round, and oblong shapes, influenced by genetic factors and environmental conditions.  Phytochemical tests showed the presence of tannins, indicated by a color change to dark green when using FeCl₃ reagent, as well as the presence of saponins, demonstrated by the formation of stable foam during the shaking test. These findings reinforce the potential of local Sumenep soursop fruit as a candidate source of functional natural compounds, particularly in relation to antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and other pharmacological benefits. Further studies are needed to analyze other phytochemical contents and evaluate bioactive activities more comprehensively.  

The Regional Secretariat of Bogor City, through the Protocol and Leadership Communication Division (Prokompim), utilizes social media as a medium for public communication, focusing on the Instagram account @pemkotbogor. This study aims to analyze how the account is managed as a communication medium by the Public Relations Division and to identify the communication model applied using the Circular Model of SoMe for Social Communications (Share, Optimize, Manage, Engage). Using a qualitative descriptive method with interviews, observations, and literature studies, the research found that @pemkotbogor is managed systematically through information sharing, content optimization, account management, and public engagement. The implementation of this model has made Instagram an effective platform for disseminating government policies, promoting official activities, and strengthening the city government's positive image. Overall, the account’s management has been effective and supports two-way communication between the government and the public, though improvements are still needed in real-time interaction and creative content development to enhance engagement.

Businesses build trademarks to promote products or services while maintaining their reputation and competitiveness. However, the practice of using well-known brands without the license owner's permission is still found. The case of counterfeiting the Arc'teryx brand by PT ATX Asia Sport Products demonstrates a violation of the exclusive rights of the brand owner. This study aims to analyze law enforcement against the circulation of counterfeit Arc'teryx products in Bali based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications and review the role of the TRIPs Agreement in protecting brands in Indonesia. The method used is normative with a literature review of laws, books, journals, and literature related to unauthorized trademark infringement. The results show that the use of the Arc'teryx brand without official permission confirms the weak supervision and law enforcement of foreign brands that have not been registered in Indonesia. Although the first-to-file system applies, Indonesia still provides legal protection for foreign brands through its membership in the Paris Convention and the TRIPs Agreement. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights (DJKI), the Commercial Court, and increase public legal awareness to prevent trademark infringement and create legal certainty for rights owners and consumers.

Edema is a common physiological complaint experienced by pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester, which may affect maternal comfort and daily activities. Prenatal exercise is considered a safe, non-pharmacological intervention that can improve maternal circulation and reduce fluid retention. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the frequency of prenatal exercise and the incidence of edema in third trimester pregnant women in the working area of Benoa Public Health Center. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 30 pregnant women selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and physical examination to assess the presence of edema, while the frequency of prenatal exercise was categorized into regular (≥3 sessions per week) and irregular (<3 sessions per week). Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between prenatal exercise frequency and edema, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicated that 26.7% of women who exercised regularly experienced edema, compared to 66.7% of those who exercised irregularly. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant relationship between exercise frequency and edema occurrence (χ² = 5.33, p = 0.021). These findings suggest that consistent participation in prenatal exercise is associated with a lower incidence of edema among third trimester pregnant women. Integrating structured exercise programs into routine antenatal care is recommended to enhance maternal well-being, prevent pregnancy-related discomforts, and support overall health during late pregnancy.

Production theory becomes the most important part to be studied in meeting individual needs for goods. However existing production has not been able to meet the needs of each individual, so uneven production causes many regions to lack food and other needs. his research is a literature research with descriptive qualitative analysis. Data sources are obtained through searching internet sources in the form of Qur'an and Hadith sources, books, national and international articles, and online news. The analysis technique used is content analysiswhich focuses on the perspective of Islamic economics. This study concludes that the theory of production in conventional economics is based on the Homo Economicus paradigm independent of moral guidance. However, Production Theory from an Islamic perspective is based on the Homo Islamicus Paradigm which implements the objectives of sharia (maqashid sharia). In Islamic economics, research on distribution has always been a heated debate because it talks not only about economic aspects but also about social and political aspects. Therefore, to this day, this research has attracted the attention of Islamic and conventional economic thinkers. The purpose of this research is to interpret and provide an explanation of data related to current circumstances, public perspectives and attitudes, conflicts between two or more situations, influences on certain conditions, and other factors. To lay the theoretical foundations for this qualitative descriptive research, researchers used library studies to gather information from books, magazines, newspapers, and other literature

One of the main sunnah prayers is the night prayer (Tahajud), because the night prayer is one of the mustajab prayers offered by a servant to the Creator, namely those who can wake up at night and pray at night and then perform the prayer service, because the night is the most appropriate time for someone to pray and munajat to perform prayers at night with the highly recommended prayer, namely the Tahajud prayer. The research method used in this article is a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. This approach is used to examine and analyze various relevant scientific sources regarding the Tahajjud Prayer in a Psychological and Health Perspective. The results of the study show that the Tahajud Prayer has a significant positive impact on psychological and physical health. Psychologically, Tahajud can increase calm, reduce stress and anxiety, and increase self-confidence and enthusiasm. From a physical health perspective, the Tahajud prayer can help increase endurance, improve blood circulation, and even help overcome digestive disorders.

Fire disasters can occur at any time in residential areas or schools, which are often triggered by electrical short circuits, the use of gas stoves, to minor negligence such as cigarette butts. As a preventive effort of Department of Education of Semarang, this research aims to create a prototype of a microcontroller-based early detection and fire suppression system with C programming. This tool uses NodeMCU as a control center that integrates fire sensors and DHT11 sensors to monitor room temperature in real-time. If the system detects any indication of fire or a significant temperature spike, a buzzer will activate as a warning alarm and the fan will work automatically to assist the initial extinguishing process.

This research aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for consumers in the case of illegal cosmetic circulation in the Traditional Market of Moluo Village, Kwandang District, North Gorontalo Regency, and to examine the roles of the Health Department and the Gorontalo Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BBPOM) in supervising and guiding business actors. The research method used is empirical legal research with a non-doctrinal qualitative approach, thru interviews with sellers, consumers, and supervisory authorities, as well as field observations and document studies. The research results show that the majority of vendors in the market already understand the importance of a distribution permit from BPOM and choose to sell legal products, although in practice illegal cosmetics are still found due to high consumer demand for instant results. The main obstacle lies in consumers who are often aware of the dangers of illegal cosmetics but still purchase them. BPOM Gorontalo implements legal protection thru two channels: preventive measures such as socialization, education, and routine inspections, and repressive measures such as legal action in accordance with Article 435 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The implications of this research confirm the need for more comprehensive legal protection strategies with cross-agency collaboration, increased public legal literacy, and consumer empowerment to make them more critical in product selection.

Religious Holiday Allowance is a mandatory worker's right that companies in Indonesia must fulfill as part of their legal responsibilities, which should also extend to online motorcycle taxi  drivers. The platform worker status of online motorcycles taxi, who are typically bound only by work agreements, raises questions regarding their entitlement to this Religious Holiday Allowance. This paper aims to highlight the Circular Letter from the Ministry of Manpower Number M/3/HK.04.00/III/2025, which regulates the provision of Religious Holiday Allowance for online motorcycles taxi in the form of a religious holiday bonus. Using a socio-legal research method, this writing emphasizes the correlation between prevailing laws and regulations concerning the Religious Holiday Allowance for online motorcycles taxi drivers. The research findings indicate that online motorcycle taxi drivers have not comprehensively received their Religious Holiday Allowance rights due to their legal status as partners not being formally recognized within prevailing labor regulations. Furthermore, Circular Letter Number M/3/HK.04.00/III/2025 is non-binding, making the implementation of religious holiday bonus provisions contingent upon the individual policies of each platform company.

The absolute nature of moral rights creates practical legal issues. Under the concept of a sales agreement, the ownership of the sold object is transferred from the seller to the buyer. Conversely, the concept of moral rights, as stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2014, dictates that moral rights cannot be transferred for any reason whatsoever as long as the creator is alive. The conceptual and juridical ambiguity arises from the contradictory nature of a copyright and/or copyrighted work sales agreement versus the absolute status of moral rights. The research methodology employed in this study is the normative juridical method. This method focuses on analyzing legal norms related to moral rights and sales agreements, specifically referencing Law Number 28 of 2014 (Copyright Law) and the Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata). Normatively, the creator's moral rights are perpetual and non-transferable to other parties, in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 28 of 2014, Articles 5 and 57. Nevertheless, within the context of private law, Article 5 of Law Number 28 of 2014 grants the creator the freedom to either maintain or waive these rights. If the agreement is reached consensually, the principle of pacta sunt servanda is applicable between the contracting parties. A clause involving the assignment of moral rights can render the agreement voidable (vernietigbaar) if it involves a violation of the subjective requirements (consent and legal capacity). This is particularly true if the consent was obtained through an abuse of circumstances (penyalahgunaan keadaan). A violation of this requirement indicates that the consent provided by the creator was not free and consensual.

One of the organs of a Limited Liability Company that often becomes a guarantor of a company’s debt is the Board of Directors. In practice, when a company can no longer carry out its obligations to pay debts, the guarantor is often bankrupted together with the debtor. Article 2 paragraph (1) jo. Article 8 paragraph (4) of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law states that if the Debtor has two or more Creditors and has debts that are due and collectible, then the request for a bankruptcy statement must be granted if there are facts or circumstances that are proven simply. This research was conducted to examine the legal considerations of judges regarding the application of simple proof in Decision Number 20/Pdt.Sus-Bankruptcy/2022/PN.Niaga.Smg and what the implications are for the Directors of the company who act as a personal guarantee for their company’s debt. The results showed that the legal consideration of the majority of the Panel of Judges examining the case are not entirely in accordance with the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law, as the panel of judges only focused on fulfilling formal requirements without considering the principles of bankruptcy, which will have a broad impact on the parties involved. In addition, the juridical implications arising from the decision are that the Directors of the company as a personal guarantee remains personally responsible for the company’s debt, thus causing bankruptcy for him and the company.

Shuttlecock industry workers in Arjosari Village perform many repetitive activities that involve intensive use of their upper extremities, putting them at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly frozen shoulder. This condition is characterized by pain, limited movement, and decreased shoulder function, which can interfere with work productivity. This community service activity was carried out through community physiotherapy counseling with a promotive and preventive approach, using leaflets, ergonomic education, and demonstrations of simple exercises such as cross-body arm stretches, pendulum exercises, arm circles, finger walk exercises, and towel exercises. The methods used included pre-tests, material delivery, exercise practice, discussions, and post-tests to assess knowledge improvement. The results of the activity showed that the majority of workers had experienced initial shoulder complaints, with a predominance of female respondents (93.33%). Average knowledge increased from 0% on the pre-test to 100% on the post-test. The counseling proved effective in increasing workers' understanding of frozen shoulder prevention, thereby reducing the risk of shoulder pain and increasing work productivity

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a degenerative condition of the knee joint characterized by the thinning of cartilage, leading to friction between the femur and tibia. This condition results in pain, limited joint mobility, and reduced strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in reducing these symptoms through modality-based approaches and structured exercise therapy. This study is a case study involving a single patient with right knee osteoarthritis. Data were collected through direct observation and evaluation of therapeutic outcomes. Interventions were conducted over four sessions using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) to reduce pain, Ultrasound to enhance blood circulation and reduce inflammation, and exercise therapy focusing on improving muscle strength and joint range of motion. After four therapy sessions, there was a reduction in pain intensity, improved strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings, and increased joint range of motion. These results demonstrate that the combination of TENS, ultrasound, and exercise therapy is effective in improving function and quality of life for patients with right knee osteoarthritis. This study emphasizes the importance of a multimodal physiotherapy approach in managing chronic musculoskeletal disorders.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in driving economic growth at the local level and enhancing community welfare. This study aims to examine the potential of small businesses in strengthening the local economy through a case study of the Minang Restaurant MSME located on Jl. Prof. H. M. Yamin in Medan City. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving field observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to obtain comprehensive data. The findings indicate that the presence of this MSME makes a significant contribution to job creation, stimulates local economic circulation, fosters entrepreneurial creativity, and expands community access to traditional culinary products. Moreover, the business demonstrates resilience in facing market competition by emphasizing high-quality products and excellent customer service. The study also highlights that the MSME’s ability to adapt to changing consumer preferences and utilize local resources strengthens its sustainability and competitiveness.Overall, small businesses, particularly culinary MSMEs, have substantial potential to enhance the local economy by empowering the workforce, increasing household incomes, promoting entrepreneurship, and preserving cultural heritage. The findings suggest that supporting and developing MSMEs can serve as an effective strategy for fostering inclusive economic growth and enhancing social and cultural vitality within local communities.

This study aims to analyze the role of inventory management in improving financial efficiency at CV. Sumber Jaya Putra Perkasa. The main problems faced by the company are manual inventory management, technological limitations, dependence on certain suppliers, and suboptimal demand planning, which affect distribution effectiveness and financial efficiency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was conducted on the stock management process, inventory turnover, and its impact on storage costs and operational efficiency. The results show that good inventory management contributes significantly to increased financial efficiency. With proper stock planning, companies can minimize the risk of excess and shortage of goods, reduce storage costs (holding costs), and increase inventory turnover so that working capital can circulate more quickly. However, the inventory management system currently used by CV. Sumber Jaya Putra Perkasa still has limitations, especially in terms of digitization and information integration. This study recommends the implementation of a technology-based inventory management system, a multi-supplier strategy, and the application of demand forecasting methods to improve stock planning accuracy. With this strategy, it is hoped that the company can achieve more optimal financial efficiency and strengthen its competitiveness in the distribution industry.

This community service article presents the implementation of the GELORA outreach and training program conducted in Sebanen Village, Jember, Indonesia, focusing on the promotion of low-cost and eco-friendly fermented feeds formulated from locally available agricultural residues such as papaya leaves, rice bran, molasses, and EM4. The program aimed to strengthen the capacity of smallholder catfish farmers and the village enterprise (BUMDes) through a series of integrated activities including a rapid needs assessment, hands-on training sessions, technical mentoring, and knowledge dissemination. As a result, participants demonstrated improved technical skills in household-scale feed formulation and fermentation, a stronger understanding of sustainable and circular economy principles, and an increased willingness to adopt environmentally friendly aquaculture practices. Moreover, follow-up mentoring groups were established to ensure program continuity and local innovation. This participatory model effectively combines community engagement with scientific evidence in aquaculture nutrition and is suitable for replication in other rural aquaculture development contexts.

The research entitled Analysis of ATM Money Theft Crimes by ATM Cashiers in Batam City Using Routine Activity Theory (RAT) focuses on describing the elements of theft crimes, the threat of theft crimes, and cases of ATM money theft by ATM cashiers in Batam City. The research method used a normative legal research method with a case approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study are as follows: The crime of theft is a crime against property as regulated in Chapter XXII of Book II of the Criminal Code, specifically Article 362, which contains subjective and objective elements. The types include ordinary theft, aggravated theft, and petty theft. The occurrence of theft is influenced by internal factors, such as the perpetrator's intention, and external factors, such as circumstances that support the crime. In the case of theft by ATM cash replenishment officers, the crime was committed through abuse of work access (special access crime). Based on Routine Activity Theory (RAT), crime occurs due to three main elements, namely a motivated perpetrator, a suitable target, and a lack of adequate supervision.

For individuals and legal entities, land registration serves as the sole method to protect land ownership and ensure legal certainty. The foundation of land rights is based on Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Principles, which recognizes several types of land rights, including Ownership Rights (Hak Milik), Building Use Rights (Hak Guna Bangunan), Cultivation Rights (Hak Guna Usaha), and Use Rights (Hak Pakai). The primary objective of this Community Service Program (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat or Abdimas) is to educate the public and clarify misinformation circulating on social media. The educational initiative focuses on Government Regulation No. 18 of 2021, which ensures that long-standing land rights can still be registered through the “Recognition of Rights” mechanism. This discussion activity was initiated by the Faculty of Law, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, which felt compelled to engage with the community in addressing issues related to land ownership and registration. Through this initiative, is hoped that public awareness and understanding of land law can be significantly improved.