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Queueing systems play an important role in evaluating service performance, especially in small-scale businesses such as barbershops, where fluctuating customer arrival patterns and limited service capacity often lead to long waiting times. This study aims to analyze the performance of barbershop services using the M/M/1 queueing model and an analytical approach based on experimentally tested arrival (λ) and service (μ) rates. The model was selected because it represents a single-server system with Poisson arrivals and exponentially distributed service times, closely matching real barbershop operational characteristics. Using assumed realistic parameters, the analysis shows that when λ = 12 customers per hour and μ = 6 customers per hour, the system becomes unstable with a utilization rate (ρ) exceeding 1, indicating continuous queue growth. Further simulations with increased service rates demonstrate significant improvements: at μ = 15, the system achieves ρ = 0.8 with an average waiting time of 16 minutes, while at μ = 13, the system remains stable but experiences a long waiting time of approximately 55 minutes. These findings emphasize that barbershop performance is highly sensitive to service speed and that even small increases in μ can produce substantial improvements in queue stability and customer waiting times. The study concludes that barbershops must ensure adequate service capacity—either through optimizing service duration, improving worker efficiency, or adding servers—to maintain service quality and enhance customer satisfaction.

With the rapid growth of Jambi City's tourism sector, the demand for souvenir products as a representation of local culture has increased. However, this potential has resulted in fierce competition among businesses. To generate new customers, businesses require effective digital and physical marketing strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine how social media marketing, product quality, and location at Gerai Adila simultaneously and partially influence consumer purchasing decisions. A survey method was used to implement a quantitative approach; data from 387 respondents, collected through Google Forms, were selected using the Slovin formula from a population of 11,723 customers in 2024. In data analysis, instruments, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS 25. The results showed that social media marketing, product quality, and Gerai Adila's location partially had a positive and significant impact on consumer decisions to purchase products at Gerai Adila; social media marketing played a role in increasing consumer brand awareness and purchasing interest, while product quality influenced consumer satisfaction and trust. In addition, it was proven that all three variables had a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. The results show that to increase the competitiveness of souvenir shops in Jambi City, digital marketing strategies, consistent product quality, and the right location are important factors.

The cigarette industry in Dawe District, Kudus, has been the backbone of the local economy for decades. However, this heavy dependence on a single industrial sector creates economic vulnerability, especially when production fluctuations or policy changes affect the tobacco industry. An economic empowerment program through agricultural entrepreneurship skills is highly relevant in this context. Modern agriculture using wick hydroponic technology and mini Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) offers an appropriate solution because it has characteristics that are suited to the geographic and socioeconomic conditions of the Dawe community. This PKM program has proven that economic empowerment through technology and skills transfer can be an effective strategy for increasing community income. Based on the results achieved, it is recommended to replicate similar programs in other areas with similar characteristics. Furthermore, ongoing monitoring and evaluation are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the businesses pioneered by participants. Collaboration with relevant agencies and microfinance institutions can strengthen participants' access to capital for broader business development.

Rapid developments in the era of digital transformation, which refer to the emergence of business and technology innovations based on artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT), have great potential for strategic sustainability for businesses in the digital age. Efforts to transform digital business models as a global competitive advantage and provide outputs that can be oriented towards future predictions. Digital business models refer to strategic designs for creating platform networks that are implemented through relationships with consumers and cross-sector collaboration. Challenges and opportunities for development between transformation and innovation are necessary in order to create and capture competitive value and provide added value in the digital economy era. The use of bibliometric analysis in research provides direction in understanding the perspectives and issues that require further research, opens up space for exploring publication trends, and identifies the mapping of key concepts that form the basis of main ideas, thereby providing a more structured understanding and developing new research opportunities, especially in the field of digital business models. Bibliometric analysis aims to gain an in-depth understanding of research using the R studio application as a tool for processing data trends over time and VOSviewer as a knowledge map visualization tool. The research was conducted to provide an understanding of current and future developments in a dynamic environment.

Digital transformation is an urgent need for MSMEs to maintain competitiveness, yet many businesses like Toko ANHA Kosmetik still rely on manual operational systems that pose a high risk of inefficiency and losses due to expired products. This study aims to design and develop a mobile-based cosmetic sales application capable of integrating inventory management with an early warning feature for product expiration. The methodology employed is Design Thinking, encompassing the stages of empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test to ensure the solution is user-centered. The results indicate that this approach successfully identified the primary pain points of the store owner and translated them into functional features such as automatic T-30 expired date notifications and digital product catalogs. System testing was conducted using Black Box Testing, yielding 100% functional validity, and User Acceptance Testing (UAT), which resulted in an average score of 83.49%, categorized as "Excellent." This study concludes that the designed application is not only technically effective in preventing operational losses but also highly acceptable to MSME users due to its intuitive and functional interface.

Digital entrepreneurship has become a transformative phenomenon in the modern economy, changing the way businesses are developed and run through digital technology. Although the literature on digital entrepreneurship is growing rapidly, comprehensive mapping of the evolution of knowledge and research patterns is still limited. This study analysis the development of digital entrepreneurship in academic literature through bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database to identify research trends, knowledge structures, and future directions. The analysis was conducted on 1,815 publications from 681 sources (1988-2025) written by 8,023 researchers, using R Studio (bibliometrix) and VOSviewer. The results show exponential growth with an annual growth rate of 17.22%, as well as five main theme clusters: digital business models, digital innovation, social entrepreneurship, e-commerce, and fintech. Thematic evolution shifted from traditional entrepreneurship (1988–2010) to digital transformation (2011-2018) to new technology integration (2019-2025). The level of international collaboration reached 26.39%, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom as the main contributors. These findings provide a research roadmap for identifying research gaps, collaboration opportunities, and trending topics in digital entrepreneurship.

The growth of coffee shop businesses in Semarang has accelerated in line with the rising coffee consumption trend among younger generations. In this context, employees play a crucial role in ensuring service quality. However, job dissatisfaction triggered by work-related stress and excessive service load remains a significant challenge. This study aims to examine the influence of occupational strain, service load, reward fairness, supervisory support, and work-life balance on job satisfaction among coffee shop employees in Semarang. A quantitative approach was used through a survey method, utilizing a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. A total of 100 respondents from various coffee shops in Semarang were selected using a census technique. The results revealed that occupational strain and service load have a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Meanwhile, reward fairness, supervisory support, and work-life balance have a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction. These findings offer valuable insights for coffee shop owners in developing effective human resource strategies that promote employee wellbeing and maintain high service quality.

This study aims to analyze the potential and business development strategies of Warung Misop Kampung Yani Mbotz in Tanjung Morawa District as a representative of traditional culinary MSMEs. The main problems identified are limited capital, simple business management, and the lack of digital promotion. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, using direct observation, interviews with the business owner, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) framework to identify internal and external factors, and the Business Model Canvas (BMC) to formulate development strategies. The results reveal that the main strengths of the business lie in authentic taste, affordable prices, and customer loyalty. Weaknesses include limited menu innovation, underutilized digital promotion, and the absence of systematic financial recording. Opportunities arise from the growing public interest in traditional culinary products and government support for MSMEs, while threats come from competition with modern food outlets, fast-food chains, and rising raw material prices. The strategies formulated through the BMC framework include product innovation, service diversification, the optimization of social media marketing, and the strengthening of business networks. The study concludes that applying BMC-based strategies can enhance the competitiveness of Warung Misop Kampung Yani Mbotz while preserving traditional culinary heritage. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for other culinary MSMEs in developing their businesses sustainably.

Business legality is a very important component in the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Business legality provides MSME players with legal protection, easier access to financing, and greater opportunities for growth. The Business Identification Number (NIB) is the official identity of business actors used to obtain business licenses and commercial or operational permits through an integrated electronic licensing system, namely Online Single Submission (OSS). The objective of this community service program is to increase the understanding and awareness of MSME actors in Kelayu Selatan Village, Selong District, East Lombok Regency, regarding business legality, particularly the creation of an NIB. To support more efficient assistance tailored to the needs of each business operator, this activity was conducted door-to-door and included several stages, such as observation and data collection on MSMEs, dissemination of information on the importance of business legality, assistance in creating OSS accounts, and assistance in the application process until the issuance of the NIB. The results of the activity showed an increase in awareness and knowledge about the importance of business legality. It is hoped that this program will encourage MSMEs to transform into formal businesses that are competitive and sustainable.

The development of digital technology has encouraged companies to adjust their marketing strategies, one of which is by utilizing social media. Shopee, as one of the largest e-commerce platforms in Indonesia, actively uses social media to expand its market reach, enhance its brand image, and attract consumers. This study aims to analyze how Shopee uses social media in its marketing strategy, focusing on the types of strategies used and their effectiveness in influencing consumers. The research method used is a Google form. The analysis is conducted by collecting questionnaire results from people who have filled it out and comparing them with other results. The results show that Shopee uses social media through various approaches, such as collaborating with influencers, creating creative content, and running interactive promotional campaigns on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. These strategies have proven effective in increasing brand awareness, building interactions with consumers, and encouraging customer loyalty and purchasing decisions. This study concludes that social media plays an important role in supporting the success of Shopee's marketing strategy. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for e-commerce companies and other businesses in developing effective digital marketing strategies.

This research seeks to examine the policy of strengthening Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) via the Pejuang Muda initiative to boost local economic competitiveness in Surabaya City. The initiative showcases a partnership between local governments, universities, and communities, emphasizing capacity enhancement through mentoring, training, and digitalization of businesses. This study utilized a qualitative approach through a case study method. Data were gathered via thorough interviews with representatives from the Department of Cooperatives and MSMEs, Pejuang Muda participants, and supported business owners. The results indicate that the program notably enhanced managerial capabilities, product innovation, and market accessibility for MSMEs. Additionally, collaboration across sectors has enhanced the program’s sustainability and fostered a responsive local economic ecosystem to adjust to global market shifts. Nonetheless, obstacles persist in consistent policy and sustainable funding strategies. In general, the Pejuang Muda initiative exemplifies empowerment by merging social, educational, and economic principles within a local development framework centered on self-sufficiency and youth engagement. The research suggests implementing the program in additional areas with improved inter-agency collaboration, supportive policy measures, and fortified digital infrastructure to guarantee the ongoing sustainability of local economic development.

This community service activity aims to optimize the utilization of woodcraft waste and broken tiles in Tamansari Village through training in briquette charcoal production and effective marketing strategies. The wood waste, which has not been optimally utilized and has become an environmental issue, is expected to be processed into high-economic-value products. The conversion of waste into briquette charcoal is expected to reduce pollution while opening up new environmentally-friendly business opportunities. The implementation method includes socialization on the potential and benefits of briquette charcoal, technical training covering material preparation, carbonization process, mixing, molding, and drying, as well as assistance with marketing strategies both offline and digitally. Participants include local residents, small business owners, and craftsmen. The expected outcomes are an increase in the community's skills in processing waste into marketable products, the growth of new businesses based on alternative energy, and increased awareness of environmentally-friendly waste management. This program is expected to make Tamansari Village a model for creative, independent, and environmentally-conscious villages with strong competitiveness in the local economy.

This study aims to describe the community empowerment strategy implemented by Lazis Nurul Falah in supporting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Ketintang, Surabaya. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data were collected directly during the distribution of business capital assistance and mentoring of beneficiaries. The results show that the empowerment program focused on improving economic independence through financial aid, business equipment, and moral support from volunteers. Although conducted modestly, the program had a significant impact on beneficiaries’ confidence and motivation to continue their businesses. It also strengthened social and Islamic values such as ta‘āwun (mutual help) and built harmonious relations between the institution, volunteers, and the community. The study concludes that empowerment based on collaboration and social proximity can create positive change and serve as an effective model to promote community economic independence.

In Indonesia, copyright infringement in the music sector continues to be a significant issue, particularly when musical works are commercially exploited by businesses. This study examines the accountability of businesses towards music royalty payments through a case study of Mie Gacoan and the Collective Management Institute (LMK) SELMI. The research method used is normative juridical with additional research data collected through literature review, including related regulations and various previous studies on music copyright protection. The results of the study confirm that businesses are obliged to pay royalties for the use of copyrighted works, as stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2014 and Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021 concerning Song/Music Royalty Management. The dispute between Mie Gacoan and LMK SELMI demonstrates the weak awareness of businesses regarding legal obligations and highlights the importance of the LMK's role in ensuring the fulfillment of creators' economic rights. This study emphasizes that legal certainty, the level of public awareness of the law, and consistency in law enforcement are important factors in realizing copyright protection in Indonesia.

The integration of cloud computing and data security systems is vital for the operational success and competitiveness of fintech startups. Cloud computing enables these startups to scale quickly, manage resources efficiently, and reduce infrastructure costs, making it an indispensable tool for businesses in the rapidly evolving fintech sector. However, with the benefits come significant challenges, particularly in data protection and cybersecurity. As fintech services handle sensitive financial data, ensuring robust security measures such as encryption, access controls, and continuous monitoring is crucial to maintaining user trust. Furthermore, regulatory compliance, both local and global, adds complexity to the data protection strategies of fintech companies. This research explores the key factors that drive cloud adoption in fintech, the security challenges associated with cloud environments, and the strategies implemented by startups to address these challenges. Interviews with IT managers from Indonesian fintech startups reveal that while cloud computing offers scalability and cost-effectiveness, issues like compliance with local regulations and the protection of sensitive data remain major concerns. The research suggests that fintech startups should invest in both cloud infrastructure and advanced cybersecurity measures to protect their operations and customer data. Additionally, creating a comprehensive roadmap for regulatory compliance and fostering partnerships with cybersecurity firms will help mitigate risks and ensure long-term success. The findings highlight the importance of integrating cloud computing with effective security strategies to navigate the complex regulatory and security landscape of the fintech industry.

This study analyzes the influence of visual aesthetics on Instagram feeds in shaping the brand image of @wmdfashion among its followers. In the digital era, visual presentation has become a key factor in how audiences perceive fashion brands, particularly through elements such as color consistency, layout, visual style, and content creativity. This research employs a quantitative approach using an online survey distributed to 100 active followers of @wmdfashion. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used to measure perceptions related to feed aesthetics and brand image. The data were analyzed descriptively and through simple linear regression to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings show that Instagram feed aesthetics have a positive and significant impact on brand image, indicating that visually consistent and appealing content strengthens perceived quality, brand associations, and consumer trust. These results underscore the strategic importance of visual branding for local fashion businesses in enhancing audience engagement and building a favorable digital brand image.

Fortuna Furniture still manages its inventory manually, which causes many problems, including delayed reports, inaccurate information, and the potential for lost records. These issues affect the quality of decision-making and operational efficiency. This service aims to build a web-based inventory information system that improves speed, accuracy, and integration in inventory management. The system development process follows the Waterfall model SDLC approach, with requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing supported by interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the activity show that the developed system can reduce input errors, speed up the process of recording incoming and outgoing goods, and enable real-time stock monitoring. Additionally, the report generation process becomes more efficient and easier for management to access. Overall, the use of this information system significantly improved the efficiency of Fortuna Furniture's inventory management and demonstrated the importance of digitalization in helping businesses run more smoothly.

Changes in the lifestyles of the younger generation in Padang City have significantly contributed to the growth of the culinary and entertainment sectors, especially in services for birthday celebrations and small banquets presented in aesthetic and personalized packages. In this highly competitive culinary business, a strong branding strategy is essential for building a recognizable brand image and attracting consumers. Improving product quality and quantity, diversifying offerings, and providing a wide variety of products are critical for creating added value and expanding market share. Equally important, effective promotion enables companies to communicate with consumers, influence purchasing decisions, and strengthen brand loyalty. The general equilibrium concept offers a framework to understand how interconnected markets respond to changes in supply, demand, and consumer preferences, highlighting the need for businesses to continuously evaluate and adapt their strategies. This study emphasizes that success in Padang City’s bakery and culinary service industry depends on the integration of branding strategies, ongoing product development, and targeted promotional efforts, ensuring competitiveness, customer satisfaction, and sustainable business growth.

Global economic developments show the acceleration of the adoption of circular business models, where resource efficiency and waste reduction are the main focuses to answer sustainability demands and SDGs targets. Although this trend is strengthening globally, MSMEs, especially those based on family businesses, are still lagging behind in their implementation, even though digitalization is increasingly opening up opportunities for operational optimization and innovation. The urgency of this research arises from the need to understand how the digital mindset and transformation of family business management can accelerate the readiness of MSMEs in implementing circular business practices. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the three strategic concepts into a single analytical framework through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a perspective that has rarely been combined in previous studies. With the SLR method based on the PRISMA protocol, this study shows that MSMEs already have a strong foundation in the digital mindset, including technology readiness, innovation orientation, and adaptation of digital business models. Family business values have also been proven to support business continuity through knowledge transfer and long-term investment. However, the implementation of circular business practices is still weak, especially in resource cycle management, sustainable product design, and environmental impact measurement. The implication is that the synergy of digital mindset and family business governance can strengthen the transition of MSMEs to a circular economy that directly supports the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the areas of sustainable consumption-production and industrial innovation.

Food-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting household economic growth, including in Sialang Village, Bangkinang Subdistrict. One of the local businesses, “Keripik Cabe dan Mie Kuning Bu Inun,” produces cassava chips using traditional frying methods, which result in high oil absorption, inconsistent quality, short shelf life, and low production efficiency. Limited knowledge of food processing technology, sanitation, and food safety standards further hinders business development. This community service program aims to address these challenges through the application of low-oil frying technology, training on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), production assistance, and periodic evaluation. The implementation method includes field observation, technical training, technology demonstration, production mentoring, and monitoring. The results show significant improvements in product quality, indicated by lower oil content, crispier texture, brighter color, and longer shelf life. Efficiency in oil usage and process stability also increased. Moreover, the knowledge and skills of MSME actors in sanitation, food safety, and production management improved considerably. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the competitiveness of the MSME, strengthened production sustainability, and provided positive economic impacts. This initiative can serve as a replicable model for other food MSMEs facing similar challenges.