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Pengaturan mengenai hak sewa atas tanah telah diakui dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria (UUPA), serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 dan Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 16 Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi pendaftaran perjanjian sewa atas tanah di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Badung. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendaftaran perjanjian sewa tanah belum terlaksana di Kantor Badan Pertanahan Kabupaten Badung, meskipun telah diatur secara normatif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh belum adanya standar operasional prosedur (SOP), keterbatasan fitur dalam sistem pelayanan pertanahan, serta sifat pengaturan yang masih fakultatif. Secara yuridis, perjanjian sewa tetap sah sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, namun tidak memiliki kekuatan publikasi sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan risiko hukum bagi pihak ketiga. Diperlukan penguatan regulasi, penyusunan SOP, serta peningkatan kesadaran hukum masyarakat.

Concrete volume calculation is a crucial factor in preventing cost overruns when preparing the Budget Plan (RAB) for construction projects. In arch bridge projects, the complex structural geometry often makes conventional volume calculation methods complicated and prone to errors, particularly due to the geometric complexity of the arch beams. This study aims to analyze the comparison of concrete volume calculation results between the conventional method and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method using Autodesk Revit in terms of cost-effectiveness. The case study was conducted on the Short Span II Pulau Balang Bridge Duplication Project in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN), Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan. The research objects include substructures (bore piles, pile caps, abutments, piers, and wing walls) and superstructures in the form of arch beams. The research method employs a quantitative approach by calculating concrete volumes conventionally using AutoCAD and Microsoft Excel, as well as calculating with BIM Autodesk Revit through three-dimensional modeling and Quantity Take-Off (QTO) exports. The results indicate that the BIM Autodesk Revit method generates a larger concrete volume compared to the conventional method, resulting in a higher total cost based on the BIM volume. The total cost for the conventional method amounted to IDR 142,613,245,996.12, while the BIM Autodesk Revit method amounted to IDR 143,127,208,186.60. These differences are influenced by the level of calculation detail, the simplification of shapes in the conventional method, and the precision of modeling in Autodesk Revit.

This study investigates the development of Indonesian language literacy among third-grade elementary school students. The primary problems identified were acute classroom passivity and low reading comprehension, evidenced by an initial learning mastery of only 45.16%, which were largely driven by conventional teacher-centered pedagogy. The objective of this research is to enhance early-grade reading literacy and active participation through an innovative instructional intervention. The proposed method employed a two-cycle Classroom Action Research (CAR) design at SDN Jrebeng Kulon 1, integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by serial picture media. This approach utilizes chronological visual scaffolding to facilitate narrative comprehension for students in the concrete operational stage. The results demonstrated a highly significant academic progression: classical learning mastery increased to 70.97% (mean score: 80.80) in Cycle I and culminated in an absolute 100% mastery rate (mean score: 94.51) by the end of Cycle II. The synthesis of these findings reveals that transitioning from static visual aids to serial visual stimuli within a problem-oriented framework effectively mitigates cognitive dissonance and eradicates classroom passivity. In conclusion, the integration of the PBL model with serial picture media serves as a comprehensive pedagogical solution that not only maximizes cognitive reading comprehension but also reconstructs students' verbal articulation and social-collaborative skills, offering a highly scalable strategy for early primary education.

Background: Schizophrenia is a type of mental disorder that affects how sufferers behave, think, and feel. This condition can trigger nursing problems such as low self-esteem (harga diri rendah). In 2023, approximately 970 million people worldwide experience mental disorders, with schizophrenia prevalence in Indonesia reaching 3 per 1,000 households and in Central Java approximately 5.1% of households. Methods: This study used a descriptive approach in the form of a case study through the nursing process, including observation, interview, documentation study, and literature review. The general objective of this writing was to implement psychiatric nursing care for Ny. W with the main problem of Self-Concept Disorder: Low Self-Esteem Due to Undifferentiated Schizophrenia. Results: Nursing diagnoses that emerged were low self-esteem, social isolation, and self-care deficit. Interventions carried out included SP 1 and SP 2 for low self-esteem (HDR) and SP 2 for self-care deficit (DPD). Conclusion: After 4 days of nursing care on Ny. W according to the nursing action plan, the patient was able to establish a trusting relationship, identify positive abilities she possessed, perform chosen activities, and interact with her environment.

This community service study documents and analyzes a blood glucose screening program conducted by theology students of STT Kadesi–Bogor at the Pentecostal Church (Gereja Pantekosta Jakarta/GPJ) in West Jakarta from February to April 2026. A total of 80 examinations were performed over three consecutive months using the Accu-Check glucometer. Results revealed that 1 participant (1.25%) was classified as diabetic (random blood glucose/RBG ≥200 mg/dL) and 19 participants (23.75%) were classified as pre-diabetic or at elevated risk (RBG 126–199 mg/dL), bringing the total at-risk proportion to 25%. The mean participant age was 52.7 years (range: 21–82 years). Women constituted 78.75% of all participants and accounted for 70% of at-risk cases, while men showed a proportionally higher per-capita risk rate (35.3% vs. 22.2%). Five female participants recorded borderline-low glucose levels (70–75 mg/dL), indicating potential nutritional inadequacy. This study contextualizes its findings within biblical theology—particularly 1 Corinthians 3:16, which declares the human body to be the temple of the Holy Spirit—providing a theological imperative for holistic health stewardship. Practical recommendations include adoption of a balanced diet, engagement in regular physical activity, and periodic blood glucose monitoring as expressions of faithful bodily stewardship.

This study analyzes the abuse of prosecutorial authority from a normative juridical perspective within constitutional law and its implications for the rule of law and good governance in Indonesia. It focuses on the concept of abuse of power (détournement de pouvoir) in assessing prosecutorial actions and examines power relations in law enforcement that may affect objectivity and fairness in criminal justice. The research uses a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Prosecutor’s Office as amended by Law No. 11 of 2021, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, supported by doctrines and jurisprudence. Secondary materials include books and journals on constitutional and administrative law. The findings show that prosecutorial authority as dominus litis is limited by legality, good governance principles, and due process of law. Abuse of authority may occur not only through procedural violations but also through deviations from its intended purpose, leading to formally lawful but substantively unjust actions. Power relations may also create institutional imbalance in law enforcement. Therefore, stronger supervisory mechanisms are needed to ensure prosecutorial authority aligns with the rule of law and good governance.

Cutaneous fungal infections caused by Malassezia furfur remain a significant health concern in tropical regions, highlighting the need for safe and effective alternative therapies. Moringa oleifera L. leaves are reported to contain various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit potential antifungal activity. This study aimed to develop a topical suspension formulation of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and to evaluate the effect of varying extract concentrations on the physical characteristics of the preparation. An experimental method was employed using four formulations: F0 as the control, and F1, F2, and F3 containing 9%, 10%, and 11% extract, respectively. Evaluation parameters included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness, as well as stability testing using a cycling test method for 12 days. The results demonstrated that all formulations exhibited good organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, and viscosity. The pH values remained within the acceptable range for skin preparations, although slight fluctuations were observed during storage. Adhesiveness also showed variations across several testing cycles. Overall, the formulations met acceptable physical quality criteria and demonstrated potential for further development as topical suspensions; however, formulation optimization is still required to enhance stability during storage.

Cutaneous fungal infections caused by Malassezia furfur remain a significant health concern in tropical regions, highlighting the need for safe and effective alternative therapies. Moringa oleifera L. leaves are reported to contain various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit potential antifungal activity. This study aimed to develop a topical suspension formulation of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and to evaluate the effect of varying extract concentrations on the physical characteristics of the preparation. An experimental method was employed using four formulations: F0 as the control, and F1, F2, and F3 containing 9%, 10%, and 11% extract, respectively. Evaluation parameters included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness, as well as stability testing using a cycling test method for 12 days. The results demonstrated that all formulations exhibited good organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, and viscosity. The pH values remained within the acceptable range for skin preparations, although slight fluctuations were observed during storage. Adhesiveness also showed variations across several testing cycles. Overall, the formulations met acceptable physical quality criteria and demonstrated potential for further development as topical suspensions; however, formulation optimization is still required to enhance stability during storage.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global public health concern, with hypertension affecting an estimated 1.4 billion adults worldwide. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension among individuals aged 18 years and above reached 30.8% in 2023. In Kecamatan Tonjong, Kabupaten Brebes, the number of hypertension sufferers aged 15 years and above reached 15,951 people in 2025. Objective: To implement comprehensive family nursing care for Ny. S, family of Tn. F, who experienced cardiovascular system disorders due to hypertension in Desa Karang Jati RT 01 RW 05, Kecamatan Tonjong, Kabupaten Brebes. Method: This study used a descriptive narrative method with a nursing process approach (assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation), conducted through home visits over three days from December 26–28, 2025. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. Results: Two nursing diagnoses were identified: acute pain related to hypertension and knowledge deficit regarding hypertension. Nursing interventions included pain management, oral medication administration (captopril 25 mg), and health education. Complementary non-pharmacological therapy using cucumber juice was applied once daily for three days. Conclusion: After three days of nursing implementation, both nursing diagnoses were fully resolved. Blood pressure decreased from 165/90 mmHg to 132/77 mmHg and the pain scale reduced from 4 to 1. Discharge planning was provided including recommendations for routine blood pressure monitoring, healthy lifestyle, and consistent medication adherence.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood adequately to meet the metabolic needs of the body. CHF is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders globally, nationally, and locally, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe a comprehensive nursing care process applied to a patient (Mr. R) diagnosed with CHF at the Mawar 1 Ward of RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. This study used a descriptive case study design. Data were collected through interviews, physical examination, observation, and medical record documentation on February 9–11, 2026. Three nursing diagnoses were identified: ineffective airway clearance related to airway hypersecretion, fatigue related to physiological conditions (chronic disease), and knowledge deficit related to insufficient information exposure. Nursing interventions applied included airway management (semi-Fowler positioning, oxygen therapy, effective coughing technique), energy management (range-of-motion exercise, gradual activity), and health education about CHF. After 2×24 hours of nursing care, all three nursing diagnoses were resolved: airway clearance improved (SpO₂ increased from 91% to 95%, respiratory rate decreased from 28 to 23 times/minute), fatigue decreased, and patient knowledge about CHF improved. Systematic nursing care significantly improved the patient's condition in CHF management.

Stress in older adults needs attention because it can negatively affect physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as overall quality of life. Elderly individuals living in social welfare institutions are particularly vulnerable to stress due to environmental changes, limited family involvement, loneliness, daily routines, and reduced independence. This study aimed to determine the effect of art painting group activity therapy on stress levels among older adults at Budi Mulia 2 Cengkareng Social Welfare Home. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involving 33 participants selected through total sampling. Stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 stress subscale. The intervention consisted of four art painting sessions lasting 30–45 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The mean stress score decreased from 22.18 before the intervention to 15.94 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), indicating that art painting group activity therapy effectively reduced stress levels among older adults.

The fiqh principle stating that a leader’s policies and actions toward the people must be based on public welfare is an Islamic legal principle emphasizing that every action and policy of a leader should be oriented toward the interests and well-being of society. This study aims to examine the meaning, normative foundations, concepts, and implementation of this principle in state governance. The research employs a library research method with a normative approach through the analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh literature, scholarly journals, and relevant legislation. The findings indicate that this principle has a strong foundation in the Qur’an and Hadith, particularly regarding trustworthiness, justice, and the responsibility of leaders toward their people. Conceptually, this principle is closely related to the theories of maqashid al-shari’ah and siyasah shar’iyyah, which place public welfare as the primary objective of Islamic law. In practice, the principle is applied in various fields, including public administration, law and legislation, religious policies, as well as economic and fiscal policies. Its implementation can be seen in policies concerning the prohibition of interfaith marriage, marriage dispensation, marriage legalization hearings (isbat), the suspension of Hajj departures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the management of state finances during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Therefore, this principle demonstrates that Islamic law possesses flexible and adaptive characteristics while maintaining a strong orientation toward public welfare, making it relevant to modern systems of governance.

This study designs and implements an up-down counter system based on an AT89C2051 microcontroller programmed in assembly using the MC-51 application. The system modifies an existing digital clock board by mapping the display selector pins, seven-segment segment pins, pushbuttons, and buzzer to the microcontroller ports. The research method consists of literature review, hardware identification, algorithm design, assembly programming, program downloading, and functional testing using a 5 V DC supply. The implementation uses a four-digit common-cathode seven-segment display and a multiplexing routine to show the counter value in real time. The functional test shows that the system can display the initial value, increase the value through the up button, and decrease the value through the down button. The display is readable during operation, and the program can run on the target circuit after being downloaded to the AT89C2051. This study confirms that assembly programming on MC-51 can be applied to implement a simple counter system on a reused digital clock circuit. The main limitations are the absence of explicit button debouncing, overflow and underflow protection, quantitative response-time measurement, and non-volatile data retention.

Bank stock price prediction is an important topic in the application of information technology because stock price movements are dynamic, sequential, and influenced by historical market patterns. This study aims to predict Indonesian banking stock prices using the Long Short-Term Memory method and evaluate the effect of Bayesian Optimization on model performance. The data used in this study consists of daily historical stock data of BBCA, BBNI, BBRI, BBTN, and BMRI from May 4, 2020, to May 4, 2026, obtained from Yahoo Finance. The input features include opening price, highest price, lowest price, closing price, and trading volume, while the prediction target is the stock closing price. The results show that the baseline model produced MAPE values ranging from 1.892% to 3.147%. The best baseline performance was obtained on BBCA with an R² value of 0.933, followed by BBTN with an R² value of 0.902. After optimization, performance improvement occurred on BBTN, with MAPE decreasing from 3.147% to 2.482% and R² increasing from 0.902 to 0.935. For BMRI, MAPE decreased from 2.385% to 2.206%, and R² increased from 0.687 to 0.743. This study concludes that Long Short-Term Memory can be used to predict Indonesian banking stock prices, while Bayesian Optimization can selectively improve model performance depending on the characteristics of each stock dataset.

Python programming has become a fundamental competence in the digital era, yet students often struggle to transform algorithmic logic into functional code. This gap between conceptual understanding and practical implementation skills requires a thorough investigation into learning challenges within the Industrial Informatics Engineering Technology (TRIN) program at Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung. Grounded in Bloom's Revised Taxonomy and Cognitive Load Theory, this descriptive quantitative study utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire and an objective comprehension test administered to 87 third-year students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to map performance across three aspects: conceptual understanding, syntactic comprehension, and implementation ability. Results indicate the conceptual aspect achieved the highest average of 4.15, followed by syntax at 3.56 and implementation at 3.54, with objective test accuracy rates of 76.09%, 65.52%, and 67.36%, respectively. Major obstacles identified include difficulties with looping, debugging, and comparison operators. Therefore, enhanced structured practice and Project-Based Learning approaches are recommended to strengthen students' implementation competencies.

Malware represents an evolving cybersecurity threat that demands more effective detection methods. Conventional signature-based detection systems have limitations in identifying new variants, driving the development of deep learning-based approaches. This research implements and evaluates four variants of the YOLOv11 algorithm (n, s, m, l) for malware classification based on visual image representation. The dataset consists of 22,056 malware and benign images, divided into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% testing across 8 classes (adware, backdoor, benign, downloader, spyware, trojan, virus, worm). Each model was trained for 100 epochs with batch size 32 using Google Colab with GPU support. Results demonstrate that all variants achieve high accuracy (97.8%-98.1%) with YOLOv11m as the best performer (98.1%). YOLOv11n offers optimal balance between accuracy (97.9%) and efficiency (1.5M parameters, 0.3 ms/img inference) ideal for real-time applications. This research surpasses previous methods such as K-NN (97.18%) and hybrid CNN (96.55%) with superior inference speed (0.3-0.9 ms/img vs tens to hundreds of ms/img), proving the effectiveness of YOLOv11 for fast, accurate, and scalable malware detection.

This study investigates the implementation of the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm for network intrusion detection using the CICIDS2017 dataset within the CRISP-DM framework. The process encompasses Business Understanding, Data Understanding, and Data Preparation including data cleaning, categorical feature encoding, normalization, and data split (80 % training, 20 % testing). In the Modeling phase, GBM Hyperparameters (learning_rate = 0.1; max_depth = 5; n_estimators = 150) were optimized via Grid Search with 2-fold Cross Validation, and F1-Score  was selected as the primary metric due to class imbalance. Evaluation on the test set yielded accuracy of 99.99 %, precision of 100 %, Recall of 99.98 %, and F1-Score  of 99.99 %, demonstrating exceptional detection capability with minimal false negatives and false positives. Compared to previous studies, this GBM model outperforms in accuracy and stability without overfitting. These findings confirm GBM’s effectiveness for modern Intrusion Detection Systems and its suitability for Deployment in resource-constrained operational environments.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition characterized by enlargement of the adenoid tissue which can cause nasopharyngeal obstruction and potentially affect the function of the Eustachian tube. Dysfunction of the Eustachian tube may disrupt middle ear ventilation and increase the risk of otitis media. The degree of adenoid hypertrophy can be objectively assessed using a lateral nasopharyngeal radiograph by calculating the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio (A/N ratio). Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy based on the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio and the incidence of otitis media. Methods: This study was a quantitative research with an analytic observational design using a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with adenoid hypertrophy who underwent lateral nasopharyngeal radiographic examination at RSI Purwokerto from 2022 to 2025. The sample consisted of 31 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test because the data were not normally distributed based on the Shapiro–Wilk test. Results: The results showed that most of the subjects were male (17 subjects, 54.8%) and female (14 subjects, 45.2%). The median age of the subjects was 7 years with an age range of 4–9 years. The median adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio was 0.90 with a range of 0.68–0.99. Otitis media was found in 11 subjects (35,5%), while 20 subjects (64,5%) did not experience otitis media. The Spearman correlation test showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.015 with a p-value of 0.936 (p > 0.05), indicating that there was no significant relationship between the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio and the incidence of otitis media. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between adenoid hypertrophy based on the adenoid–nasopharyngeal ratio and the incidence of otitis media.

The rapid growth of e-commerce among university students has provided greater convenience in conducting digital transactions. However, it has also created various challenges, including online fraud, discrepancies between advertised and delivered products, delayed shipments, and limited understanding of consumer rights and dispute resolution mechanisms. This community service program aimed to enhance legal literacy and increase students’ awareness of consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly within the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) of Yapis University Papua. The program employed an educational-participatory approach through counseling sessions, interactive discussions, case simulations, and participant comprehension evaluations. The materials covered consumer rights and obligations, common violations in electronic transactions, complaint procedures on e-commerce platforms, and non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding of consumer protection laws, their ability to identify violations of consumer rights, and their knowledge of appropriate actions when disputes arise in online shopping transactions. Furthermore, participants showed strong engagement throughout the activities and were able to apply their knowledge effectively during case simulations. The program contributed to the development of more critical, informed, responsible, and legally aware digital consumers who are better prepared to engage safely and confidently in e-commerce activities.

The Integrated Primary Care Posyandu (ILP) program requires cadres to assume a much broader role compared to conventional Posyandu services. In the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan, ILP achievement reached only 20% in 2025, while merely 25 out of 225 cadres (11%) had received related training. This condition indicates that cadre readiness needs to be examined more comprehensively before the program can be implemented optimally. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres using a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 144 cadres selected proportionally from a population of 225 using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Spearman Rank), and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses. The results showed that among the eight variables examined, only skills (r = 0.171; p = 0.040) and resource availability (r = 0.225; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with cadre readiness. In the multivariate analysis, resource availability emerged as the most influential factor with an OR = 2.839 (95% CI: 1.311–6.149), indicating that cadres supported by adequate resources were 2.8 times more likely to demonstrate good readiness. In conclusion, resource availability was identified as the dominant factor associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan. Therefore, improving the availability of facilities and infrastructure, providing practice-based training, and strengthening operational support should become priority programs in the future.