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This research is motivated by the phenomenon of low self-esteem experienced by some students of Sufism and Psychotherapy at UIN Raden Intan Lampung, particularly due to feelings of insecurity regarding their physical appearance. This condition often stems from a lack of self-confidence that arises from the beginning, especially related to the chosen study program. Students who feel insecure about their academic choices tend to experience feelings of insecurity that impact various aspects of life, particularly physical appearance. They feel different and less confident, which ultimately affects their self-acceptance and self-esteem. Consequently, this condition contributes to a decline in low self-esteem. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on criteria of low self-esteem related to feelings of insecurity about appearance. The results of the study indicate that the understanding of gratitude is not merely an expression of outward thanks, but it forms a deep inner awareness of divine wisdom in various circumstances. Students who internalize the understanding of gratitude tend to be more capable of self-acceptance, reducing feelings of insecurity, and building a positive outlook on their existence. The understanding of gratitude strengthens inner peace, enhances self-confidence, and motivates comprehensive self-improvement. These findings affirm that the understanding of gratitude is an effective spiritual approach to addressing low self-esteem and can serve as a relevant mentoring model for students.

The thesis entitled, "Analysis of the Impact of Worship Based on John 4:23 on the Spiritual Growth of the GBI Patuha Bandung Congregation."John 4:23 can provide the teachings of the Lord Jesus about worship and the extent of its impact on the spiritual growth of the congregation. The research aims to explore how worship in the context of church services affects spiritual growth, including heart transformation, spiritual renewal, and character development in Christ. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze the impact of worship based on John 4:23 on the spiritual growth of the congregation at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) Patuha, Bandung. Data were collected through interviews with leaders, activists, and church workers, as well as direct observations in the field. The results show that worship, as described in John 4:24, is a vital aspect of the spiritual life of the GBI Patuha congregation. The church has undergone significant transformation by shifting its focus from teaching to worship, with the aim of deepening a personal relationship with God. Worship is not only an emotional activity but also a means to strengthen faith, renew the spirit, and shape Christ-like character in the lives of the congregation. Worship grounded in the Word of God and the guidance of the Holy Spirit positively impacts the church community, encouraging active service and devotion to God and others. The congregation experiences heart transformation and spiritual renewal, which strengthens their relationship with God. Furthermore, worship focused on God encourages the congregation to live in humility, love, and obedience, as well as increasing their enthusiasm for serving. Innovations such as providing digital worship platforms also extend the church’s reach and enhance congregational involvement. This study also recommends the development of more structured worship training to deepen theological understanding and correct worship practices according to biblical principles.

This paper is motivated by the condition of the Nurul Firdaus Mosque, which has long been neglected and has minimal religious activities other than Maghrib and Isha prayers. This phenomenon reflects the decline in the mosque's role as a center of worship and social and religious activities in the community. Mosques, which should be places for fostering the community, are instead only used to a limited extent, often even locked outside of Maghrib and Isha prayer times. This study aims to explore in depth the factors causing low congregation participation and find solutions in the form of innovative collaboration between mosque administrators and the younger generation, especially Generation Z, in managing the mosque in a modern and inclusive manner. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of religious leaders, community leaders, mosque administrators, mosque youth, and the general public living around the research location. The research focuses on examining social dynamics, communication patterns, and forms of participation between groups involved in mosque management. Anthony Giddens' structuration theory is used as an analytical tool to understand the relationship between structures (rules, norms, and practices of mosque management) and agents (mosque administrators and youth) in shaping social change towards more open, adaptive, and responsive mosque management to the needs of the times. The results of the study indicate that the alienation of the congregation towards the mosque is influenced by the lack of innovation in religious activities, the absence of an accommodating approach to the younger generation, and weak communication and coordination within the mosque management body itself.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning of the 2025 Easter Parade in Kupang City using a symbolic interactionist approach, with a central focus on the cross as a primary symbol. The cross is not only understood as a sacred religious emblem but also as a medium of social communication whose meaning is dynamically constructed through interactions between parade participants, spectators, and particularly the actors portraying the figure of Jesus. These social interactions allow for the reinterpretation of the symbol’s meaning based on cultural contexts and participants' experiences.The findings reveal that deviant behavior exhibited by some actors portraying Jesus created a dissonance between the ideal meaning of Christ’s suffering and the actual performance displayed during the parade. This mismatch caused cognitive dissonance among viewers and had the potential to distort the intended spiritual message of the symbol. The incident underscores the importance of actors' awareness of the sacred nature of the symbol and the necessity for responsible and contextually appropriate representations in public rituals.The study also emphasizes that religious symbols are fluid and do not possess fixed or absolute meanings. Instead, they are subject to redefinition based on individual and collective experiences, cultural backgrounds, and public perceptions. Within the context of the Easter Parade, the cross becomes a performative medium that reflects the values, beliefs, and social dynamics of the diverse society in Kupang. This research employs a mixed-methods approach by integrating both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding. Quantitative data offers general insights into audience perceptions of the symbolic performance, while qualitative data explores deeper layers of symbolic meaning and the sociocultural implications that arise. Overall, this study contributes to the discourse on religion, symbolism, and public ritual by highlighting the importance of intentionality, appropriate representation, and cultural sensitivity in maintaining the sacredness of religious symbols in dynamic and pluralistic public spaces

This study aims to examine the practice of kesah as an effort to control oneself in the Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate (PSHT) Branch of Pulau Panggung Regency, Tanggamus and to examine it from the perspective of moral Sufism. Kesah in the context of PSHT is not only a form of physical or spiritual exercise, but also a manifestation of the process of tazkiyatun nafs (purification of the soul) to achieve noble morals. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive qualitative type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the practice of kesah is a means to train patience, reduce anger, and strengthen self-control of PSHT members in facing life's challenges. From the perspective of moral Sufism, kesah reflects the process of internalizing values ​​such as patience, humility, and sincerity which contribute to the formation of a balanced spiritual personality. Thus, kesah is not only part of self-defense training, but also a method of developing the soul towards a person with noble morals in accordance with the teachings of moral Sufism.  

In a global context marked by religious pluralism, secularization, and a crisis of faith identity, a theological understanding of God’s covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12:1–3) becomes increasingly significant. The rise of postmodern thought has weakened grand narratives, including the theological narrative of Christianity, leading to a fragmented understanding of faith. This study aims to explore the theological, spiritual, and social implications of the Abrahamic covenant using a contextual hermeneutical approach that engages with the current socio-religious realities of Indonesia.The covenant highlights God’s unilateral initiative, a structure of blessing that encompasses personal, national, and universal dimensions, and a call to faith that demands obedience amid uncertainty. Its relevance is evident in shaping the church’s identity as a covenant community, fostering a holistic missional paradigm, and cultivating a spirituality rooted in divine grace. In the Indonesian context, the principle of “blessed to be a blessing” challenges the church to engage actively in social transformation and interfaith dialogue.This study also examines the covenant’s contribution to the development of ecclesiology, missiology, and Christian ethics, while reaffirming the importance of a faith grounded in trust rather than certainty. Through interviews and literature review, the research offers a theologically reflective and contextually grounded perspective. The findings demonstrate that the Abrahamic covenant is not only a historical foundation of Christian faith but also a spiritual blueprint for the contemporary church to respond to the challenges of the age with obedience, courage, and an inclusive missional vision

This study aims to analyze the concept of patience (sabr) from Imam Al-Ghazali’s perspective and its implementation in the character of Sri Ningsih in the novel Tentang Kamu by Tere Liye. According to Al-Ghazali, patience is divided into three main aspects: patience in facing misfortune, patience in avoiding sinful acts, and patience in maintaining obedience. These aspects are fully integrated in Sri Ningsih’s life journey, who endures various hardships, slander, imprisonment, and struggles abroad. This research applies a qualitative method using literature review and content analysis. The findings reveal that Sri Ningsih consistently practices the values of patience, making her a role model for mental resilience, honesty, and self-control in the midst of modern life’s challenges. This study is expected to contribute to strengthening tasawuf akhlaqi values through literary works.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of anxiety disorders experienced by some elderly in sanggi village, bandar negeri semuong sub-district, especially those caused by feelings of fear in themselves. This condition often arises from feelings of lack of support and attention from their families tend to experience feelings of anxiety that will have an impact on health. The method used is qualitative descriptivewith data collection through pbservation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on the criteria for anxiety disorders in the elderly. The results of the study show that the implementation of tawakal is not only an expression to entrust everything to Allah SWT. But forms full trust and acceptance of what has been submitted. Elderly people who internalize tawakal tend to be more able to accept and surrender to Allah SWT, reduce feelings of worry, fear and build a positive view of what has happened. Implementation of tawakal strengthens inner peace, increases a sense of security, and motivates to improve the world as a whole. This finding confirms that the implementation of tawakal is an effective spiritual approach to overcome anxiety disorders.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of low assessments of other people towards children with special needs (ABK), because children with special needs (ABK) have differences from children in general.And requires special handling according to developmental disorders and differences that are possessed, cognitive, speech, vision, hearing, social and emotional. Parents must have the ability to handle their child's life processes more optimally. The goal of the endeavor itself is an effort or effort in order to achieve everything that is desired or desired in life,With the attitude of parents' efforts towards the behavior of children with special needs, this can be the best way for children to be well accepted in their surroundings. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires.

Wearing a hijab for Muslim women is not just a habit, but an obligation that has a deep meaning in religion and daily life. This tradition is not just owned by Muslims, in ancient times this tradition has been attached as a civilization, so it is important to explore this matter further. This article aims to trace the dynamics of the hijab from a historical perspective. With a qualitative descriptive approach, the study found that the history of wearing the hijab is much older than Islam. The use of the hijab has existed in various cultures and civilizations in the world, even before Islam was born, precisely since the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia around 5,000 BC. The tradition of the hijab is also found in ancient Assyrian society. Wearing the hijab can be a symbol of honor and social status, especially for elite women or priestesses, a differentiator between free women and slaves, and part of a particular cultural tradition, as seen in various ancient civilizations. Thus, wearing the hijab is not only a practice related to Islam, but also a social phenomenon that has existed for a long time in the history of human civilization. This finding is important for the creation of a dignified society, amidst the fading awareness of wearing the hijab among Muslim teenagers. This research provides a direction for future research on the importance of the hijab for the honor of women more specifically.

This study explores the development of a holistic Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum by integrating affective and psychomotor domains into the learning process. The topic is significant because the current PAK curriculum predominantly emphasizes cognitive and doctrinal aspects, resulting in Christian values being taught theoretically without practical application in students’ daily lives. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to investigate and develop a balanced curriculum model that integrates theory, spiritual internalization, and practical skills. The findings reveal that a holistic curriculum enhances faith internalization and character formation in students, making the learning process more relevant and transformative. Implementation of this curriculum model promotes Christian education as an integrative process encompassing knowledge, attitudes, and practical competencies in real-life contexts.  

Aborsi merupakan salah satu isu etis paling kompleks yang terus menjadi perdebatan dalam diskursus publik dan keagamaan, termasuk dalam konteks Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan bagaimana prinsip-prinsip deontologi dan teleologi dalam etika Kristen membentuk pandangan terhadap praktik aborsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi pustaka normatif-deskriptif dengan analisis etika komparatif melalui kajian literatur teologi dan dokumen gereja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandangan deontologis menekankan nilai intrinsik kehidupan sejak konsepsi berdasarkan perintah ilahi yang mutlak, sementara teleologi mempertimbangkan konsekuensi aborsi bagi individu maupun masyarakat guna mencapai kebaikan terbesar atau mengurangi penderitaan. Kedua pendekatan ini saling melengkapi, meski sering menciptakan ketegangan dalam menentukan sikap. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkaya diskursus etika Kristen di Indonesia serta menawarkan kerangka analitis bagi pelayanan pastoral dan pendidikan teologi.

This studyiuses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach to analyze the concept of al-Ashil fi al-Tafsir, both in terms of its definition and characteristics. Al-Asli fi al-Tafsir is a fundamental principle in Qur’anic exegesis that refers to the primary sources in understanding the sacred text, such as theiQur’an itself, the Prophet’s hadith, ijma’ (scholarly consensus), and qiyas (analogical reasoning). This concept serves as a crucial foundation for interpreters to maintain the authenticity of interpretations so they remain aligned with the intended meaning of the revelation. This study gathers data from 15 journals discussing exegesis methodology and fundamental principles in understanding the Qur’an. The findings indicate that *al-Asli fi al-Tafsir* has several key characteristics, including adherence to the text, maintaining the original meaning, and considering the historical context of revelation. Furthermore, this principle emphasizes the importance of deep Arabic language comprehension and the continuity between the text and its practical application in daily life. Thus, this studyiprovides an in-depth insight into the fundamental principles of Qur’anic exegesis. 

The tongue is a small part of the body that holds significant power to influence both individual life and community well-being. James 3:1–12 provides a firm warning about the dangers of an uncontrolled tongue, depicting it as a fire, a world of evil, and deadly poison. This study aims to examine the meaning of controlling the tongue as a responsibility of Christian spirituality through a literature review and exegetical-hermeneutical analysis of James 3:1–12. This qualitative research employs primary data from the biblical text (Indonesian Bible Society version and the Greek text) and secondary data from commentaries, Christian ethics books, and theological journals. The findings indicate that controlling the tongue is a sign of spiritual maturity and an essential aspect of Christian discipline that must be continuously cultivated. Disciplined speech reflects living faith and serves as a means to foster love, truth, and peace within the community. This study highlights the need for churches and believers to integrate ethical speech as a core part of their witness in the world.  

This article explores the exemplary life of Moses in the Old Testament as an inspiration for Generation Z in nurturing and sustaining their faith amidst the challenges of the digital era. As a spiritual leader and bearer of God's law, Moses exemplified obedience, courage, and faith-based leadership—values that remain relevant for today’s youth. Through significant events in his life such as the burning bush encounter, the Exodus, and the wilderness journey, Moses emphasized the importance of trusting God and living according to His commandments. The article also highlights the role of the family, particularly fathers, in providing spiritual education, as well as the necessity for continuous and contextually relevant faith education. By emulating Moses, Generation Z is encouraged to develop strong faith, maintain hope in God, and face societal pressures and life uncertainties with resilience and spiritual conviction.

This article explores the relationship between the theology of Christian Religious Education (CRE) and the Church in contributing to relevant, contextual, and transformative theological education. The Church, as a community of faith and spiritual institution, plays a strategic role in shaping theological understanding through teaching, discipleship, and ministry. Meanwhile, CRE within the formal education system is tasked with delivering Christian values through pedagogical and academic approaches. In an era shaped by secularism, pluralism, and technological advancement, both challenges and opportunities arise for CRE and the Church to collaborate meaningfully. Through literature review and theological analysis, this article identifies key challenges such as the gap between theory and practice, limited human resources, and the influence of popular culture that often contradicts Christian values. On the other hand, significant opportunities exist, including the use of digital technology, the strengthening of faith-based character education, and the implementation of contextual approaches to theological teaching. The article affirms the importance of a strategic partnership between the Church and CRE in developing theological education that not only informs the mind but also transforms lives through strong Christian character in everyday contexts.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education offers significant opportunities to transform learning processes, including in Catholic Religious Education (CRE) at the senior high school level. This article aims to identify effective and ethical strategies for integrating AI into CRE instruction by considering Catholic faith values and students’ character development. The study uses a qualitative literature review approach to analyze scholarly sources and current practices of AI application in education. Findings indicate that AI can enhance personalized learning, provide real-time feedback, and create more interactive and context-rich learning experiences. Practical implementations such as adaptive learning systems, chatbots, and AI-based simulations have shown positive impacts on students' comprehension. However, challenges including teacher readiness, technological infrastructure, and ethical concerns must be addressed seriously. Therefore, integrating AI in CRE must be done thoughtfully, responsibly, and in harmony with religious and moral contexts. With careful planning, AI can become a valuable tool to deepen students' faith understanding and support holistic character formation in the digital age.

The purpose of a disciplined attitude is to enhance the quality of ethics, mental strength, responsibility, self-control, good personal habits, assertiveness, and obedience to rules. The aim of this study is to examine the implementation of Aqidah Akhlak learning in the formation of disciplined character among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students. This research uses a qualitative research method. Data collection techniques utilize literature study techniques. Data analysis techniques are presented using content analysis techniques. The research results prove that Aqidah Akhlak learning is aimed at shaping the disciplined attitude of students in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, starting with teachers preparing teaching modules to make learning more directed and organized. Teachers also create motivation, provide constructive guidance, assertiveness, and serve as role models for students to emulate. The situation and condition of the classroom will make students comfortable to learn when they have a disciplined character. Creating a conducive environment in the classroom can help teachers explain the learning material effectively without difficulties, and assist students in understanding it easily.

This article aims to discuss the life of faith of the Israelites as God's chosen people, whether they were loyal to God or to Baal, especially on the journey to the promised land. The Israelites undertook a long and challenging journey. They were ordered by the prophet Moses to be free from Egypt and after Moses' death he was replaced by Joshua, the Israelis lived their lives in the desert for about 40 years, finally reaching the promised land promised by God. For 40 years in the desert, they got food in the form of manna and quail. They also experienced various tests and trials including rebellion and disbelief in God's guiding hand. The Israelites were known as an impatient nation. For example, when Moses was on Mount Sinai when God gave His law to Moses and Moses took too long to come down from the mountain. The Israelites there could not wait patiently because they were afraid of death and starvation because there was no one to lead. They talked to Harun to make a golden calf statue, which was considered to have power and was believed to be a substitute for God to continue their journey. They made a statue of a golden calf because Moses had not come down from Mount Sinai and was thought to be dead. The impatient attitude of the Israelites finally took a shortcut by making a golden calf that was considered to be able to replace God's position. Of course this made God angry because it had violated the 2nd commandment, namely "do not make for yourself any idol".

The main problem in this study lies in the lack of a deep and comprehensive understanding of child development from the perspective of Islamic psychology, especially in the context of education. In fact, understanding the stages of child development is very important to design appropriate educational approaches holistically. This study aims to explain the definition of child development psychology, identify psychological concepts in Islamic teachings that are relevant to child growth, and analyze how the principles of Islamic psychology can be applied in child education. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, which examines various literatures from modern psychology and classical Islamic sources. The results show that Islam provides a strong conceptual foundation in understanding child development, which includes a balance between intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and moral aspects. Educational psychology in Islam also emphasizes the importance of the active role of parents, teachers, and the surrounding environment in shaping children's character and personality. Thus, the integration between modern psychological theories and Islamic values can be a strategic foothold in developing a child education system that is not only academic, but also oriented towards the formation of noble morals and character.