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This research is motivated by the rapid development of technology in the current era of digitalization, one of which is a gadget that is very common in use in Krandegan Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency, especially by teenagers who almost always carry their gadgets anywhere. The objectives of this study are 1) Knowing how the social behavior of teenagers due to the use of gadgets in Krandegan Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency, 2) Knowing how the impact of gadget use on teenagers in Krandegan Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation. Observation is used to observe the use of gadgets by teenagers in Krandegan Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency, interviews and documentation are used to dig up information about the problem under study. The results showed that: the use of gadgets in the current era is unavoidable and users must be more able to control their use. However, a technology will always have an impact on its users, both positive and negative impacts. Likewise for teenagers where the use of gadgets has an impact on the social behavior they show everyday, there are several changes in social behavior that appear such as reduced intensity of direct interaction with the environment, too fixated on gadgets when interacting directly with the community, being more closed, the emergence of laziness so that they often forget time, procrastinate work, the level of teenage participation in social activities also decreases.The use of gadgets also has several positive impacts and negative impacts on teenagers such as facilitating communication, accelerating the dissemination of information, as a means of entertainment, facilitating the learning and learning process, expanding the network of friends, making it easier to find work, making it easier for teenagers to shop with e-commerce. While the negative impact is that the intensity of direct interaction is reduced, too fixated with their gadgets, making teenagers more closed, teenagers often procrastinate work and neglect their obligations and responsibilities in the real world, making teenagers lazy in learning, decreasing their sense of concern and empathy for the surrounding environment, reducing the level of youth participation in social activities, the spread of hoax news is increasing, impacting on health and patterns, affecting the family economy and vulnerable to fraud.

Cooperative learning has been known as an effective learning method in increasing student learning motivation. This research aims to present a literature review of cooperative learning strategies and their impact on student learning motivation. Cooperative learning methods involve interaction between students to achieve joint learning goals, thereby encouraging them to actively participate in the learning process. Literature studies show that cooperative learning strategies, such as team learning, pair learning, and group discussions, can increase student learning motivation through increasing a sense of responsibility, mutual trust, and cooperation between students. In addition, cooperative learning can also increase student involvement in the learning process, strengthen social relationships between students, and help students develop important social skills. The results of this literature review indicate that the implementation of cooperative learning strategies can make a positive contribution to student learning motivation. Therefore, it is recommended that educators consider using cooperative learning strategies in designing learning that can effectively increase student learning motivation.

Getting quality feedback is important in many aspects of life. The teaching and learning process at school cannot be separated from the provision of teacher feedback to students. Feedback is necessary because it can provide information about students' abilities, guiding their ignorance at the time of learning something new and complex. However, in reality, not all teachers provide feedback that can motivate students' learning behavior. The method used in writing this article is the literature method by first collecting study materials and materials from various sources, namely books, journals, and related articles. The author formulates the existence of feedback techniques in the learning process, including several kinds of aids that can be received by students, so that they are easier to understand the lesson, namely visual, audio, and audio-visual aids. In addition, the role of motivation and media in the learning process for students is also very important and this can help the continuity of the teaching and learning process and the achievement of learning objectives.

Virtual Reality (VR) is not new in today's digital era. This technology has developed very quickly and has penetrated into many aspects of life, such as education. In this article, researchers reviewed current and previous research, to understand the extent to which Virtual Reality (VR) technology is used as an alternative learning media in educational institutions using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by defining research questions as the first step. The search process was carried out from Scopus database using Publish or Perish 8 tools, and the selection of articles was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria related to the research questions. There were 200 articles found in the early stages of the search with a total of 22 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained are in the form of a discussion of several aspects related to the use of virtual reality as a learning medium, such as: the type of technology, the location of educational institutions that use VR, learning domains, educational levels, evaluation techniques for learning with VR, and the purpose/benefit of its use.

This systematic literature review examines the evolving role of Quality Engineering (QE) in optimizing production processes within Industry 4.0 contexts. By analyzing 78 peer-reviewed studies (2010–2025), the research identifies critical shifts in QE methodologies, emphasizing integration with artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and real-time digital twin technologies. Key findings reveal enhanced robustness through adaptive optimization algorithms (e.g., Bayesian optimization, NSGA-II), improved defect prediction via AI-driven quality control systems, and streamlined process interoperability through Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Quality 4.0 frameworks. The study underscores digital integration as a catalyst for reducing variability, accelerating decision-making, and aligning quality management with Industry 4.0’s demands for agility and interconnected systems. Recommendations include adopting hybrid methodologies combining classical Six Sigma with ML-driven analytics and investing in workforce training for digital QMS adoption.

Learning media is one of the key components of education which plays an important role in the teaching and learning process. The use of learning media is an important part that requires special attention from teachers in learning activities. There is a need to create learning media that aims to create an orderly, conducive classroom atmosphere and enable effective learning. The aim of the research is to identify teachers' abilities in creating teaching media materials. It is hoped that if teachers have the ability to create teaching material media, the teaching and learning process can run according to plan. This research uses a qualitative method based on library research, the main data sources come from books, magazines and recent journal articles related to the theme of this research. The results of this research show that the majority of teachers have not been creative in creating learning media, this is indicated by the fact that many teachers still use the lecture method in the learning and teaching process, so that the teaching and learning process seems monotonous in only one direction. It is hoped that the publication of this article will encourage teachers to be creative in making interesting learning media even though they are made with simple media.

In the learning process, of course it will be carried out well depending on how the teacher plans learning activities. The presence of learning media will have an important influence on the implementation of learning and this learning media will become an effective tool or dependent media and will be able to become teaching material that can be used by students, process  learning will not be able to take place well without the development of learning media, usually often facing several obstacles, one of which is that facilities and infrastructure are still lacking, for example there is no learning media that supports the continuity of the learning process, learning media includes a sense that is physically used in providing material content.  , which comes from frame images, graphs, cassettes, books, video recorders, tape recorders, pictures, video cameras, films, photos, television and computers. Media is a component of learning resources whose contents are instructional material in the student.

Vocabulary, comprising words acknowledged by individuals or inherent to a particular language, is essentially a collection of linguistic elements. Vocabulary is being an important element to support students’ competence in English. The aim of this study is to examine and enhance students' vocabulary achievement at SMAN 1 Sutojayan, specifically in class XI MIPA 2, using Blooket as a learning tool. In this research, a quantitative methodology is utilized, employing a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects consist of 35 students from class XI MIPA 2. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that the null hypothesis (Ho) was disapproved, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was affirmed, revealing a notable mean disparity between pre-test and post-test results. This research provides a deeper understanding of the importance of enriching students' vocabulary during the learning process, as well as establishing a strong foundation for the development of more effective teaching strategies to enhance students' vocabulary comprehension in the future. The findings of this study can be a valuable contribution to efforts aimed at improving the quality of education at SMAN 1 Sutojayan and similar educational institutions. Future research is highly recommended to explore an other tool for students’ vocabulary improvement.

Speaking ability is a key aspect emphasized in the language learning process. Having the ability to speak English is very important for students, as this allows them to express their skills in the language. This research aims to determine the efficacy of the learning media application Instagram reels to improve students' speaking learning outcomes in report texts at SMAN 1 Sutojayan, especially in class X-3. The research involved 37 students in class X-3 using a quantitative approach with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The research results show that the alternative research hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This research provides an understanding of the importance of improving students' speaking skills by developing more efficient learning strategies. The results of this research can provide a valuable contribution to efforts to improve the quality of education at SMAN 1 Sutojayan and similar educational institutions. Additionally, future researchers are advised to investigate the long-term impact of utilizing Instagram Reels or similar interactive tools on students' overall academic achievement and morale.

The use of instructional media in the learning process plays a crucial role in enhancing educational effectiveness. One commonly utilized type of instructional media is audiovisual media, which has proven effective in conveying complex concepts, including within the context of Bible education. This paper discusses the importance and benefits of implementing audiovisual instructional media in Bible education, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. Through the use of audiovisual media, students can attain deeper understanding, enhance their interest and engagement in learning, and integrate modern technology into the learning process. However, challenges such as resource availability and technical expertise need to be addressed to optimize its benefits.

Blended learning is a new learning strategy that provides many benefits for students, as well as a form of information and communication technology support towards new learning modes. This research aims to find out: 1) The pros and cons of blended learning lectures in the UNU Pasuruan mathematics education study program in 2023. 2) supporting and inhibiting factors for the blended learning lecture process. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The number of samples in this study was 6. The data collection technique was to include the results of interviews that had been conducted accompanied by documentation of their implementation.

Fractions have many rules that often cause misunderstanding of the concept. Thus, media is needed to make it easier for students to understand the concept of fractions. The purpose of this study was to analyse the implementation of fraction learning methods using visualisation media in class IV of State Elementary School 243 Cicabe. This research method is quantitative. The sample used in this study was 24 fourth grade students with the object of research, namely the process of learning fractions using visualisation media and students' competence in solving fraction problems that were changed in the form of visualisation. The research method used was field research with data analysed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the fraction material explained using visualisation media could be understood by the students although when the material level was raised, some students experienced slight difficulties.

This research focuses on the development of interactive learning materials to enhance the understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students regarding rounding. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted on the experimental group to measure its effectiveness. The objectives of this study are (1) to develop teaching materials using a clothing measuring tape and (2) to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students using this media and conventional methods in the 4A and 4C classes at SDPN 252 Setiabudhi. The data analysis activities involve processing the data and applying statistical analysis. The results indicate a lack of significant improvement in students' understanding of rounding concepts after the implementation of interactive teaching materials. Statistical analysis shows that the average scores on the post-test did not exhibit a significant increase compared to the pre-test. In conclusion, the teaching method using a clothing measuring tape is less effective when applied to 4A and 4C students at SDPN 252 Setiabudhi.

This program is implemented to assist the Griya Studi Course to improve the English language skills of early childhood children. This program also aims to foster student interest in learning English. It is hoped that after this program the children's English vocabulary mastery skills will increase. The technique used in this training program is Fun English Learning through songs. Students are expected to be active and interested in participating in the English learning process. With a variety of material variations that will be given, it is hoped that students will not feel bored. The output and the targets that will be achieved after this training program are the publication in journals with ISSN/proceedings and through online media. Second, it is expected that students have an interest in participating in learning and can master a variety of vocabularies.

The independent curriculum is the curriculum that is considered the most humanistic among the previous curricula. The birth of the independent curriculum is adapted to current developments which have entered the era of society 5.0, where technology is very closely linked to the lives of every individual at any age, from birth to the elderly. Therefore, the learning process must also undergo changes, by innovating each lesson. Based on this, it requires every educational institution to develop the potential of each human resource. Therefore, the aim of this community service is to facilitate early childhood educators throughout the world to develop their potential in making innovations in learning according to children's current needs. The final result of this PkM is that all educators in the early childhood education unit receive information or curriculum updates, and are able to innovate the independent curriculum in accordance with the culture of their respective school environments.

This research aims to determine students' ability to understand mathematical concepts through the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach and to find out how the students' answers process in solving problems on tests of students' ability to understand mathematical concepts after applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan. This type of research is classroom action research through cyclical learning stages. The subjects of this research were 13 students in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan and the object of this research was the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistical material. Based on the research results, it was found that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in statistical material in class VIII-1 at Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan was improved, namely in cycle I the average student ability was only 30.76 with a completion percentage of only 8% of students completed. In cycle II the average student ability increased to 92.95 with a student completion percentage of 100%, so that students had met the classical completion percentage, namely ≥85%. The results of this research show that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistics material in class VIII-1 of Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan, students can improve their ability to understand mathematical concepts.

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

This research aims to find out how to improve the creative thinking and mathematical reasoning abilities of class after implementing learning based on the open ended learning model. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). Data was collected through tests of students' creative thinking and mathematical reasoning abilities at the end of each cycle and observation sheets of teacher and student activities. The results of the research show that: (1) The increase in students' creative thinking and mathematical reasoning abilities is classified as a medium improvement criterion with the respective average N-gain values being 0.53 and 0.49. And the percentage of classical completion of students' creative thinking abilities after implementing cycle I increased to 47.22% and after implementing cycle II actions increased to 86.11%. As well as the percentage of classical completeness of students' mathematical reasoning abilities after implementing cycle I actions increased to 47.22% and after implementing cycle II actions increased to 91.67%; (2) The process of students' answers in completing tests on students' creative thinking abilities and mathematical reasoning can be said to be good.

Initially, the organization was a bridge in forming a component that could be used as a member to solve a problem. The essence of a learning organization is the organization's ability to utilize the mental capacities of all its members to create the kind of process that will improve it.Organizations where people continually develop their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and evolving patterns of thinking are fostered, where group aspirations are given freedom, and where people are continually learning studying (learning to learn) something together, but in general organizations have become a discourse in activities that can be used as part of a group. Basically, this is because humans are social creatures, which in this context is homo socius. This fact is a natural characteristic.It is impossible for humans to live alone, apart from society, groups or living with their communities. Humans are creatures that think and can develop. Every human being has the instinct to live in society. To fulfill these various needs, humans must collaborate because they will not be able to fulfill their own needs. That is where the level of human limitations is a reflection that humans need cooperation and that forum is found in organizations.

The objective of this research is to investigate the potential impact of implementing the TPS cooperative learning model on enhancing the self-confidence and mathematics communication abilities of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The specific focus will be on the Set content. This study used a class action research design, consisting of two distinct cycles. Each iteration comprises two meetings. The participants in this research consisted of 28 students from class VII-8 of SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The primary focus of this study is to enhance students' self-confidence and mathematical communication abilities by using the TPS cooperative learning model on Set material at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan during the academic year 2022/2023. Based on the findings derived from the analysis of the data, it was observed that the mean score for students' initial self-confidence was 53.61. Additionally, the mean test score for students' initial communication skills was found to be 44.92. Among the participants, a total of 3 students (13.04%) demonstrated mastery in this area, while the remaining 20 students (86.95%) had not yet achieved mastery. The learning process in cycle I was conducted using the TPS model. As a result, the average score of student confidence increased to 62.14, while the average score of the mathematical communication ability test increased to 55.80. Out of the total number of students, 8 students (34.78%) reached the completion criteria, while 15 students (65.21%) did not reach the completion criteria. In the second cycle, there was an observed increase in student performance. The average score for student confidence was recorded as 76.29, while the average score for the mathematical communication ability test was 75.97. Out of the total number of students, 19 students (82.60%) achieved completeness in the test, while 4 students (17.40%) did not reach completeness. The self-confidence questionnaire and mathematical communication skills exam administered in cycle II yielded results indicating a satisfactory level of student proficiency.