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This study aims to describe how to improve students' learning outcomes in Geometry learning using the Problem Based Learning model in class V of SDN 18 Tebing Tinggi, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This type of research is classroom action research (PTK) using qualitative and quantitative approaches which are carried out in two cycles, with research procedures. The results of the study showed an increase in geometry learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. The results of the observation of the teaching module in the first cycle of the first meeting were obtained 79% (C) then in the first cycle of the second meeting the result of 87% (B) for that the observation of the first cycle of the teaching module was obtained an average of 83% (B), increasing in the second cycle to 95% (SB). Second, the results of the observation of the implementation of teacher aspect learning in the first cycle of the first meeting obtained a result of 78% (C), then in the first cycle of the second meeting obtained a result of 86% (B) for that the results of the observation of the teacher aspect obtained an average of 82% (B), increasing in the second cycle to 93% (SB). Third, the results of the implementation of learning aspects of students in the first cycle of meeting I obtained a result of 78% (C), then in the first cycle of meeting II obtained a result of 86% (B) for that the results of observation of the student aspect obtained an average of 82% (B), increasing in the second cycle to 93% (SB). Fourth, the learning outcomes of students in the first cycle of meeting I were obtained with a result of 71 (C), then in the first cycle of meeting II a result of 81 (B) for that the learning results of the first cycle were obtained an average of 76 (C), increasing in the second cycle to 90 (SB). Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can improve students' learning outcomes in Geometry learning in grade V of SDN 18 Tebing Tinggi, South Pesisir Regency

This study aims to examine the impact of implementing the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) cooperative learning model on improving academic motivation and learning achievement in Indonesian language lessons at SD Pangeran Antasari Medan. The TPS model was chosen because it encourages students to actively engage in discussions and collaborate, which can enhance their involvement in learning. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an experimental design, where data is collected through pre-tests and post-tests to measure changes in students' motivation and academic performance. In addition, a questionnaire was used to assess students' academic motivation. The results of the study show a significant improvement in both academic motivation and learning achievement after the implementation of the TPS model. Normality and statistical tests were conducted to ensure the validity of the data. This study provides benefits for the development of Indonesian language teaching at the elementary level by introducing a method that can effectively improve students' motivation and academic performance.

The learning of Javanese script at SDN Denanyar 1 faces significant challenges, particularly in mastering sandhangan swara. Students struggle to understand the material due to the complexity of Javanese script and the use of traditional teaching methods that are less engaging. Therefore, innovation in teaching methods is needed by implementing a flipped classroom model that utilizes instructional videos. The aim of this study is to examine the implementation of the video-based flipped classroom model and assess its effectiveness in improving the ability to write sandhangan swara in Javanese script among fourth-grade students at SDN Denanyar 1. This research uses a mixed-method approach with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The research stages include observation, interviews, pretest, implementation of the flipped classroom model, and posttest. The study sample consists of 30 fourth-grade students. The results indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes, with an average pretest score of 54% and a posttest score of 75%. Additionally, students became more motivated and proactive during the learning process, while teachers successfully created a more innovative learning environment. The conclusion of this study is that the flipped classroom model using instructional videos is effective in enhancing students' ability to write sandhangan swara in Javanese script and makes learning more interactive and enjoyable.

This research is motivated by the lack of ability of prospective teachers in communicating with students which causes the learning process to be less effective. The purpose of this study is to analyze learning communication using the VICS (Verbal Interaction Category Systems) model for prospective vocational teachers in the Teaching Skills Practice (PKM). This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with case study analysis. The sample is students who are taking part in the Teaching Skills Practice (PKM) at SMK Teknik Bangunan as many as 3 people. Data collection uses interaction observation instruments, interviews and documentation. The results of the study showed that the average frequency of areas A, B, D, E, D, H, I was very high at 46.65% which stated that prospective teachers still dominate during learning activities compared to students, the frequency of areas C, G, J, K, L, M, P, Q, R was 30.37% which stated that there was already feedback interaction between prospective teachers and students, and the frequency of areas N, O, S, T was only 22.98% which stated that student activities were still too passive compared to teachers during the learning process in class. Thus, it can be concluded that learning communication carried out in teaching skills practice is dominated by the teacher.

One of the main components of the independent curriculum is character and numeracy learning. These two components are among the abilities that elementary school students must have. The aim of this research is to look at problems in learning numeracy and character literacy which are requirements for making learning products. This research is qualitative and uses interviews and observations. The subjects of this research were teachers and students of class IV SDN 060970 Medan Belawan. The results of data analysis show that this research focuses on three main themes: lack of teaching materials to improve numeracy literacy skills, lack of numeracy literacy training, and behavioral problems related to character. Future researchers can use the findings of this research to assess the need to create learning models, learning modules, and teacher guidebooks that aim to improve students' numeracy skills and character.

This study aims to enhance students' environmental awareness through the implementation of poster media in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah Kota Jambi. This research employs Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of two cycles. The subjects of this study were sixth-grade students. The results indicate an improvement in students' environmental awareness after implementing poster media. In the pre-cycle stage, students’ environmental awareness was only 12%. After implementing poster media, the percentage increased to 60% in the first cycle and reached 96% in the second cycle. Furthermore, teacher activity in the learning process improved from 73.8% in cycle I to 92.6% in cycle II, while student activity increased from 71.5% to 92.1%. These findings demonstrate that poster media can be an effective learning tool in fostering students’ awareness and concern for their school environment.    

Integrating modern leadership approaches with local wisdom remains a challenge in enhancing the quality of education in Indonesian higher education institutions. This study examines the impact of integrating instructional leadership with ethnopedagogy based on the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy on learning quality at Graha Nusantara University. Using a mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design, the study involved 50 lecturers selected through systematic random sampling and 100 students. Data were collected through validated questionnaires (validity coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.89; reliability with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.88), in-depth interviews, and participatory observations. The findings reveal that instructional leadership independently accounts for 67 percent of the variation in learning quality (coefficient of determination, R-squared = 0.670, with p < 0.001), with key determinants being guidance (correlation coefficient = 0.820) and vision-mission communication (correlation coefficient = 0.790). Ethnopedagogical leadership contributes significantly through the values of Somba Marhula-hula (regression coefficient = 0.45), Manat Mardongan Tubu (regression coefficient = 0.41), and Elek Marboru (regression coefficient = 0.38). The integration of these approaches produces significant synergistic effects (R-squared = 0.830), resulting in a 70 percent increase in active interaction, a 68 percent improvement in the effectiveness of learning strategies, and a 66 percent boost in productivity. This study contributes to developing an integrated leadership model that combines modern values with local wisdom. It also provides practical implications for designing training programs and implementing dual-approach monitoring systems in higher education institutions.

Social media has become a crucial part of modern life around the globe, providing users with various conveniences. However, its widespread use has also brought about new challenges, one of which is cyberbullying. This harmful issue can have serious emotional and physical effects on those targeted. Cyberbullying occurs in many areas, including sports, and soccer—a sport loved by millions—is no exception. Soccer players often face severe criticism, hate speech, and harassment on social media platforms. To tackle this problem, this study aims to create a strong model for detecting cyberbullying on the social media platform “X” using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method. By utilizing advanced machine learning techniques, the proposed model intends to identify and reduce instances of cyberbullying, helping to create a safer online space for athletes and the wider community.

This study is based on the results of observations made at SDN Lirboyo 1 Kediri City, teachers in delivering material, especially the Solar System, only use the lecture method and student books. Many students have difficulty in explaining and mentioning the constituent members of the Solar System. student difficulties are seen when students are asked questions only silent, and the value at the end of learning is far from the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). The formulation of the problem developed is how the process, practical validity and effectiveness of pop up book media on solar system material for grade VI elementary school students in its use as media during learning. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of this study were teachers and students of grade VI SDN Lirboyo 1 Kediri City. There are two instruments used in this study, namely using questionnaires and tests. Questionnaires are used to determine the validity and practicality of pop up book media, while tests are used to determine the effectiveness of pop up book media. The results of the pop up book media development research are as follows: (1) The results of the pop-up book media validity trial were carried out by media experts and material experts and received a percentage of 90% very valid or can be used without revision. (2) The results of the pop-up book media practicality trial in the limited trial were carried out by teachers by 92% and from students by 95%, then the results of the pop-up book media practicality in the broad trial were carried out by students by 93.5%. The percentage of scores from teachers and student responses is in the range of 81.00% - 100.00% which can be categorised as very interesting/valid. (3) The results of the effectiveness of pop-up book media obtained from the results of pretest and post test scores and getting a percentage of 81.65% are in the vulnerable range of 81.00% - 100.00% declared very effective can be used without improvement.

Knitting craft training at the Darul Khuldi Islamic Boarding School aims to increase the creativity and independence of students in Sri Mulya Village. This activity involved 36 students divided into six groups, where they learned basic knitting techniques and made knitted products that were of marketable value. The method used is participatory, with a direct approach through training sessions and discussions. The results of the training show that students are able to understand basic knitting techniques well, improve collaboration skills and creativity. Apart from that, this training also strengthens social ties between students and gives them confidence in creating products. Even though there are challenges in the availability of raw materials and learning time, it is hoped that this program can provide initial capital for students to develop handicraft skills and contribute to the development of the local economy.

In the 21st century, education is required to produce students who are creative, critical, collaborative, and communicative to face the challenges of the times. Therefore, the implementation of the STEAM learning model is one innovative solution to improve the quality of learning and student outcomes, especially in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) that adopts the Kemmis and McTaggart model with two learning cycles. Each cycle consists of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the STEAM learning model. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In the cognitive domain, the average student score increased from 76% in cycle I to 88% in cycle II. In the psychomotor domain, there was an increase from 71% in cycle I to 91% in cycle II. Meanwhile, in the affective domain, student activities increased from 78% in cycle I to 92% in cycle II. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of the STEAM learning model can be declared effective in improving student learning outcomes in IPAS subjects for grade III students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah, Jambi City.

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan evolusi paradigma pembelajaran, sebuah konsep. Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi dan Blended Learning sebagai Model Pembelajaran untuk Abad 21. Proses pembelajaran tidak terlepas dari interaksi dengan teknologi, khususnya teknologi berbasis internet. Pelajar saat ini adalah generasi milenial dan generasi Z yang sangat akrab dengan teknologi. Informasi dan komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, guru perlu mampu beradaptasi dengan situasi yang ada. Blended learning adalah pendekatan inovatif yang mengkombinasikan metode pembelajaran tatap muka dan daring, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di era digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan perkembangan paradigma pembelajaran, sebuah konsep. Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi dan Blended Learning sebagai Model Pembelajaran di Abad 21. Proses pembelajaran tidak terlepas dari hubungan dengan teknologi, khususnya teknologi yang berbasis internet. Pelajar pada masa kini adalah generasi milenial dan generasi Z yang sangat akrab dengan teknologi. Informasi dan komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, pendidik  perlu mampu beradaptasi dengan situasi-situasi tertentu. Blended learning adalah pendekatan inovatif yang menggabungkan metode pembelajaran tatap muka dan daring, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di era digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami penerapan model blended learning di STAI Al-Azhary Mamuju dan dampaknya terhadap efektivitas pembelajaran serta pengembangan kompetensi siswa di abad 21. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang menganalisis data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara.Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran campuran secara signifikan meningkatkan motivasi dan keterlibatan siswa, sehingga berujung pada peningkatan hasil belajar. Di samping itu, model ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan keterampilan abad ke-21 seperti kolaborasi, komunikasi, dan pemecahan masalah. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembelajaran blended learning tidak hanya mendukung peningkatan prestasi akademik tetapi juga mempersiapkan siswa untuk menghadapi tantangan pekerjaan yang semakin yang kompetitif atau komplek.

This study compares hybrid and traditional face-to-face learning environments to assess their impact on student collaboration, engagement, and social interaction. Hybrid learning models combine in-person and online instruction, providing flexibility but also introducing challenges in maintaining meaningful student interactions, particularly for remote learners. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid classrooms in fostering social engagement, collaboration, and peer relationships compared to traditional classrooms. A comparative design was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and surveys to measure student engagement, satisfaction, and collaboration. The findings indicate that while hybrid learning offers flexibility, it often leads to reduced social presence and collaboration quality, especially for remote students. Traditional classrooms, on the other hand, foster stronger peer relationships and dynamic in-person collaboration. The study suggests that hybrid learning spaces can be improved by integrating advanced communication tools and designing activities that encourage interaction between remote and in-person students. The research emphasizes the importance of creating balanced learning environments that promote both flexibility and social engagement. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of hybrid learning on student collaboration and engagement and to identify strategies to enhance the effectiveness of hybrid models.

Adapting to the demands of the independent learning curriculum is important for students to have practical science skills. This research aims to improve the practical science skills of class V MI Muhajirin Jambi City students through the application of the Experiential Learning learning model. This model was chosen because it can provide students with direct experience in understanding science concepts, thus encouraging active involvement and mastery of practical skills. The research method used is classroom action research (PTK) with a two-cycle design, where each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data was collected through observation, practical skills assessment sheets, and interviews with students.

As 6G networks promise unprecedented speeds and ultra-low latency, AI-based resource allocation plays a crucial role in optimizing network performance. This study explores AI-driven techniques for spectrum management, energy efficiency, and real-time data processing. By leveraging machine learning and deep learning models, AI enhances network adaptability, reduces congestion, and improves overall efficiency. The proposed approaches enable intelligent decision-making, dynamic resource allocation, and predictive analytics to meet the growing demands of future wireless communication. The findings highlight the potential of AI in revolutionizing 6G networks, ensuring seamless connectivity, and maximizing network capacity while minimizing power consumption. These advancements contribute to the development of more sustainable and intelligent telecommunication infrastructures.  

Increasing community literacy in environmental management is a strategic step to realize sustainable development. One practical approach that can be implemented is through community-based education. This article examines how local communities can become agents of change in increasing public awareness and understanding regarding environmental issues, such as waste management, natural resource conservation, and adaptation to climate change. Through a participatory approach, community-based education encourages direct community involvement in designing and implementing environmental programs that suit local needs. Case studies from various regions show that collaboration between communities, government, and the private sector can increase the effectiveness of educational programs and create long-term impacts. The work programs are processing organic and inorganic waste, processing agricultural land, planting trees, preventing dengue fever and making anti-mosquito spray, providing information related to Hoaxes and phishing link modes, and collecting data on MSMEs. Apart from that, there are also work programs regarding learning posts, introducing waste banks, making street signs, and creating village websites. The results obtained from this activity are an approach to the community through social activities carried out with residents and increasing community insight through the outreach and training programs provided. Apart from that, village facilities can be improved by creating street signs and village websites. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a practical guide in developing a sustainable community-based education model for environmental management.

Computer vision-based algorithms, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and You Only Look Once (YOLO), have become the leading approaches in plant disease detection. CNN excels in extracting complex visual features for disease classification, while YOLO provides high-efficiency real-time object detection capabilities. Both algorithms have shown promising results in various studies, especially with controlled datasets. However, challenges remain in their application in real-world conditions, such as environmental diversity, overlapping symptoms, and poorly annotated data. Future research has the potential to optimize these algorithms through the development of lighter models, the use of transfer learning techniques, and multi-modal data integration. In addition, further exploration of a wider range of diseases, crops, and environmental conditions can expand the application of these algorithms. By leveraging these innovations, computer vision-based plant disease management can be improved to support sustainable precision agriculture.

This article explores a community service initiative aimed at enhancing literacy among children in Rejatengah Village, Indonesia, as part of the national effort to develop Indonesia’s Golden Generation by 2045. The project was conducted by a team from Al Maksum College of Teacher Training and Education over a one-month period, targeting children aged 6 to 9 years. The initiative involved comprehensive educational activities, including literacy assessments, interactive workshops, and parental involvement, to foster a supportive learning environment. Significant improvements in literacy skills were observed, attributed to the innovative teaching methods and community engagement strategies employed. The establishment of a permanent educational resource center has ensured the sustainability of educational efforts, serving as a model for similar interventions in other rural areas. This project not only highlights the critical role of community-based educational programs in enhancing literacy but also demonstrates the potential of such initiatives to contribute to broader national development goals.

Learning media is everything that is used to convey all information in the learning process. This research aims: (1) to determine the feasibility of flipbook-based e-handout learning media on the material for making various seam allowances (2) to determine the learning outcomes of students using flipbook-based e-handout learning media on the material for making various seam allowances. The type of research uses the ADDIE development model. The data collection instruments used in this research are: validation sheet which includes media experts, material experts, language experts, and student learning outcomes. The results the research carried out show that: 1) The development of flipbook-based e-handout learning media on the material of making various kinds of seam allowances was declared very suitable for us in learning with the results of feasibility validation carried out by 2 media expert validators, 2 material expert validators, and 2 linguist expert validators obtained overall feasibility results with an average score of 4.34 in the “Very Eligible” category. 2) The learning outcomes of students using flipbook-based e-handout learning media on the material of making various seam allowances obtained classical learning completeness of 88%.  

This research focuses on the development of digital learning media based on I Spring Suite 11 to assess: 10 t he feasibility of the digital learning media based on I Spring Suite 11; 2) the improvement of student interest in learning Economics at SMA Negeri 11 Malinau; and 3) the improvement of student learning outcomes in Economics at SMA Negeri 11 Malinau.The research method used is research and development (R&D) through the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model with quasi-experimental analysis. The subjects of the research were 10 students from grade X at SMA Negeri 11 Malinau. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires given to media experts, material experts, and teaching practitioners (Economics teachers) to validate the questionnaire instruments and student responses to the digital learning media using the same questionnaires and pretest-posttest learning outcome tests.The research findings are as follows: 1) The feasibility of the I Spring Suite 11-based digital learning media was evaluated by material experts with a score of 78%, categorized as "Feasible"; by media experts with a score of 80%, categorized as "Feasible"; and by teaching practitioners with a score of 85%, categorized as "Highly Feasible." The analysis of the scores showed that the material and media experts' evaluations fell within the "feasible" range (38 ≤ 2)There was a 50.86% increase in student interest in learning, with a pretest average score of 58 and a posttest average score of 91, which meets the product's effectiveness criteria. Based on the pretest-posttest analysis of student interest, the N-gain test resulted in a score of 0.5, which is categorized as "moderate" and falls into the "Good" category. The analysis of the ideal mean score (Mi) showed a value of 50 ≤ X, which means the I Spring Suite 11-based digital learning media is effective for use in the Economics subject. 3)There was a 46.8% improvement in student learning outcomes, with a pretest average score of 54 and a posttest average score of 85 after using the I Spring Suite 11-based digital learning media. Based on the pretest-posttest analysis, the N-gain score was 0.47, which is categorized as "moderate," indicating that the learning media is effective in improving student learning outcomes in Economics.