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This research is a literature review that examines various literature on the implications of transformational and transactional leadership. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of transformational and transactional leadership for Islamic educational institutions, as well as the similarities and differences in transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. The method used in this study is library research, using a qualitative approach with a rational approach method. The findings of this study show that transformational and transactional leadership have implications for each individual's commitment to organizational values and goals. Transformational leadership builds long-term relationships, while transactional leadership builds short-term relationships with subordinates based on shared goals and rewards are given when subordinates are able to achieve goals. Instead, sanctions are given if the objectives cannot be achieved. Creative and innovative behavior is not the main thing, but the status quo is considered important. Islamic education leaders can combine these two models to create a balance between innovation and achievement of results.

This study aims to analyze the theories of multicultural education approach and its application in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Using a qualitative approach based on literature study, this research explores theories such as social justice, pluralism, social interaction, constructivism, humanism, and social transformation, and their relevance to Islamic values. The results show that multicultural education is in line with Islamic teachings, such as tolerance, justice, empathy, and respect for diversity. The integration of these theories in PAI can create an inclusive learning environment that encourages intercultural dialogue, character development, and respect for differences. Implementation challenges include stereotypes, limited resources and lack of teacher training, while opportunities include increased tolerance, curriculum enrichment and technology utilization. This research highlights the importance of education policies that support multicultural inclusivity and relevance in building a harmonious society.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the implementation of UM Green Campus program on students’ ecological citizenship awareness at Universitas Negeri Malang, with energy citizenship as a mediating variable. The research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive-explanatory design. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 415 respondents selected through proportional random sampling. Data analysis employed a path analysis model using SEM-PLS method. The results show that the direct effect of Green Campus implementation on ecological citizenship awareness is not statistically significant, with a T-statistic value of 1.308 and a P-value of 0.191 (> 0.05). However, the effect of energy citizenship on ecological citizenship is significant, as indicated by a T-statistic of 17.224 and a P-value of 0.000. Furthermore, the indirect influence of Green Campus implementation on ecological citizenship through energy citizenship is also significant (T-statistic of 15.347; P-value of 0.000). These findings suggest that the success of Green Campus implementation in increasing ecological citizenship depends on how well energy citizenship values are internalized. This research highlights the importance of participatory and educational efforts in promoting energy citizenship to encourage students’ active involvement in sustainable environmental transformation.

Digital marketing has become a critical element in promoting tourism destinations, particularly in attracting young tourists who are highly connected to technology. Sawarna Village in Lebak Regency, Banten, holds significant natural tourism potential, such as beaches and caves, but faces challenges in implementing promotional strategies that align with the digital behavior of the younger generation. This study employs a literature review method to analyze effective digital marketing strategies, focusing on social media, visual content, and influencer engagement. The analysis reveals that creative use of social media, a visual storytelling approach, and collaboration with micro-influencers can enhance the appeal of tourism destinations. Additionally, search engine optimization (SEO) and location-based marketing campaigns play a vital role in improving Sawarna Village's visibility on digital platforms. This study recommends digital skill training for the local community to support destination promotion and foster digital transformation in the rural tourism sector. These findings emphasize the importance of technology-driven marketing strategies to enhance the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations in Indonesia.

This study investigated the effects of different leadership styles on employee productivity in JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm, Anambra State, Nigeria. The primary objectives were to analyze the impact of transformational leadership, evaluate transactional leadership, and explore laissez-faire leadership's influence on productivity, as well as compare these styles' overall effectiveness. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 66 employees through structured surveys. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that transformational leadership had a significant positive effect on employee productivity, enhancing motivation and performance. Transactional leadership showed a moderate impact, fostering goal-oriented behaviors and structured work environments. Conversely, laissez-faire leadership was found to have a minimal effect on productivity, often leading to lower employee engagement due to insufficient guidance. Comparative analysis indicated that transformational leadership outperformed the other styles in promoting higher productivity metrics. This study highlights the importance of effective leadership strategies for enhancing productivity in pharmaceutical firms. It suggests that JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm and similar organizations should prioritize transformational leadership development to achieve optimal performance. The research contributes valuable insights to the field of leadership studies and offers a basis for future investigations into leadership practices and productivity outcomes.

The era of AI and automation technologies has fundamentally changed the structure of jobs and skill needs in the global market, driving significant transformation in the digital business world. This research aims to analyze the impact of these technological developments on the jobs and skills required by the modern workforce. Using the literature review method, this research evaluates various academic sources and related industry reports. The findings show that there is a shift away from routine work towards jobs based on analytical, creative and interpersonal skills, with a growing demand for expertise in data management, programming and emotional intelligence. In addition, the research reveals a significant skills gap, which could exacerbate socio-economic inequality if not addressed. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of investing in retraining and workforce skills development to support adaptation to technological transformation, as well as the need for collaboration between government, educational institutions and industry in designing inclusive and sustainable policies.

This research aims to analyze and develop ethical school marketing strategies, which not only attract students but also maintain the integrity and quality of education amidst rampant commercialization in the education sector. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study design, the informants concerned include: school principals, teachers, parents. data collection techniques using: interviews, observation, documentation. Data analysis uses triangulation and data validity uses interactive models. . Data analysis uses triangulation and data validity uses interactive models. The research results show 1) Challenges in Maintaining a Balance between Marketing and Educational Values, 2) Limited Understanding of Ethical Marketing among School Managers, 3) Changes in Parental Behavior in Choosing a School. The world of education faces big challenges in maintaining a balance between marketing and true educational values. Even though marketing is an important aspect in attracting the interest of parents and prospective students, many schools are still trapped in an excessive focus on facilities and visible achievements, without considering the deeper quality of education. This creates tension between the external image of the school and the substance of the education offered.

Digital technology is beneficial in running a business in production, marketing, and finance. However, not all business actors have used digital technology and the digital economy to help run their businesses, especially micro and small business actors. This study aims to investigate the role of digital technology literacy and the digital economy in encouraging the interest of micro and small business actors to use digital technology that will drive the sustainability of their businesses. The survey was conducted on 162 micro and small business actors in Banten province. This study uses the technology acceptance model (TAM) theoretical framework. In this research, data analysis using SEM-PLS. The study results show that digital technology and economic literacy significantly affect perceived Ease of use and usefulness. Digital technology literacy has an effect on business sustainability, but digital economic literacy has no effect. Perceived Ease of use and perceived usefulness significantly affect the intention to use. Intention to use has a significant effect on business sustainability. This research also strengthens the role of TAM as a mediating variable for business sustainability variables. This research provides scientific insights in the field of digital technology and business sustainability, as well as provides practical insights for business actors and the government.

This research aims to analyze the concept of digital leadership, challenges, and opportunities faced by organizational leaders in the technological era. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach to explore the definition, characteristics, and strategies of digital leadership. The results showed that digital leadership requires adaptability to technology, data-based decision making, and innovation in managing virtual teams. The main challenges faced are resistance to change and gaps in access to technology, while the main opportunities are the utilization of technologies such as AI and big data.

Digitalization has become a transformative force reshaping how organizations innovate and sustain competitive advantages in an interconnected global economy. This study explores the intricate relationship between business digitalization, innovation capabilities, and sustainability outcomes. Employing a comprehensive literature review, it examines how digital transformation fosters innovative practices and supports sustainable business models. Key findings reveal that integrating digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and blockchain, significantly enhances innovation capacity by accelerating product development cycles, improving decision-making precision, and fostering collaborative innovation ecosystems. Moreover, digitalization optimizes resource utilization, minimizes environmental impact, and strengthens stakeholder engagement, contributing to measurable economic, environmental, and social sustainability outcomes. The synergy between digital transformation and sustainability initiatives provides organizations with strategic advantages, including improved operational efficiency, customer loyalty, and competitive positioning. However, challenges such as implementation barriers, balancing digital-sustainable priorities, and managing unintended environmental impacts persist. Future research should focus on empirical validation, industry-specific applications, and longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathways through which digitalization supports sustainable innovation and long-term business resilience. This study underscores the imperative for organizations to strategically align digital transformation with sustainability objectives, ensuring their future success in a rapidly evolving business environment.

This study explores the role of transformational leadership within the context of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing its ethical foundation and implications for shaping the future of humanity. In an era marked by moral ambiguity, rapid technological progress, and declining spiritual values, Christian education faces the urgent challenge of cultivating ethical character, spiritual maturity, and social responsibility. The problem addressed in this research is the gap between leadership practices in Christian educational settings and the transformative outcomes expected in students’ moral and spiritual development. The objective of this study is to analyze how transformational leadership can be effectively applied to Christian Religious Education to foster ethical behavior and visionary thinking. Using a qualitative descriptive method supported by literature analysis and interviews with Christian educators and leaders, this research identifies core principles and strategies that align biblical teachings with transformational leadership theory. The findings reveal that transformational leaders who model Christ-centered values, inspire through vision, and mentor with compassion significantly impact learners’ ethical formation and worldview. The synthesis of ideas highlights the integration of faith, leadership, and pedagogy as a holistic approach to addressing the ethical and existential challenges of the 21st century. In conclusion, transformational leadership within Christian Religious Education is essential in guiding learners toward a life of purpose, integrity, and contribution to a humane and spiritually grounded society.

Economic digitalization has become a key driver of growth in various regions, including Medan City. The development of e-commerce and local startups plays a vital role in this economic transformation by enhancing market access, accelerating product distribution, and creating new job opportunities. E-commerce allows business owners to reach a broader consumer base, while local startups foster innovations tailored to the needs of Medan's society. This paper aims to analyze the role of e-commerce and local startups in enhancing economic growth in Medan City, as well as the challenges and opportunities within this digital ecosystem. The findings suggest that these two sectors complement each other in creating an inclusive and sustainable economic ecosystem.

Since early 2021, the population administration service in Bandung Regency has been supported by service innovations implementation through an online service system, with the presence of the SAKEDAP application. Hence, the Population and Civil Registration Office of Bandung Regency makes use of Information and Communication Technology as an application of Agile Governance in order to deal with the dynamics of the environment. Nevertheless, at the implementation level of the newest version of SAKEDAP application, the limit of the Q-Ban is only 150 queues a day from 4,000 applicants per day. To tackle these problems, outreach should be tailored through a broad range of accessible media platforms, the recruitment of IT specialists to assure the strength of the system and the ability to increase capacity when necessary. Such measures, which, will enhance public understanding and easier access to services, are consistent with the ideals of the good governance which espouses efficiency and responsiveness. The objective of this study is to discover and analyze Agile Governance based Integrated Population Queue System Service in the Population and Civil Registration Office of Bandung Regency. Observer-participant, in-depth interviews and document review were the main data collection techniques used. In addition to Good Enough Governance, business- driven, Human Focused, Based on Quick Wins, Systematic and Adaptive Approach, Simple design and Continuous Responsiveness, based on the research conducted, the researcher found the responsiveness factor or the ability factor, which is intended to help and provide fast service to customers with clear information and can support the successful implementation of Agile Governance.

Social media has become an integral part of students’ lives and is increasingly being used as a means of interactive learning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media use in supporting students’ learning process, by highlighting the benefits, challenges, and solutions that can be applied. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies, in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that social media provides flexibility in accessing learning materials, increases academic engagement, and facilitates discussion and collaboration between students and lecturers. However, there are several challenges, such as distraction, unguaranteed validity of information, lack of structure in learning, and gaps in access to technology. To overcome these challenges, strategies are needed such as good time management, increasing digital literacy, active roles of lecturers in directing learning, and institutional support in increasing access to technology. With the implementation of the right strategy, social media can be an effective tool in supporting interactive learning, improving students’ academic quality, and encouraging educational transformation in the digital era.    

The COVID-19 pandemic marked a significant turning point in the global church's approachto mission and ministry, particularly through the adoption of digital spaces. The rapid shift to digitalplatforms was not merely a practical adaptation but reflected a deeper transformation in how thechurch understands presence, community, and engagement in the world. This article aims to examinehow evangelism and discipleship practices have evolved in digital forms in the post-pandemic context,and to explore the theological and ethical implications of "digital presence" within contemporarymissiology. Using a practical theology approach, this study employs literature analysis, theologicalreflection, and case studies from digital church practices as its primary methods. The main findingsreveal that evangelism has shifted towards creative digital content targeting digital-native generations,while discipleship is increasingly practiced through online communities and digital spirituality. At thesame time, the study identifies key issues such as the validity of digital sacraments, the risk of faithcommodification, and the challenge of fostering authentic relationships in virtual spaces. This articlesynthesizes the idea that digital mission represents a new form of incarnational ministry in the digitalage, calling for a hybrid ecclesiology that integrates both physical and digital presence. In conclusion,digital mission is not simply a crisis response to the pandemic but a long-term theological and strategictransformation in how the church participates as the Body of Christ in a digitally connected world.

Digitization of cooperatives and the use of technology are strategic steps in increasing economic competitiveness in the Madura handwritten batik sector, especially in Central Pakandangan Village, Sumenep Regency. This program aims to empower handwritten batik artisans through technology integration and digital capacity building. Some of the main activities include Search Engine Optimization (SEO) training, digital financial management through Accountable Digital Financial Management, digital cash book preparation, as well as Social Media Officer training and social media management strategies. The participants were also trained to create creative content, carry out digital branding of batik through logo design and visual branding, as well as build digital partnerships and cooperation. In addition, technological innovations are introduced through the use of night blasting machines to support production efficiency. This approach is expected to be able to increase the visibility of Madura written batik products, expand the market, and strengthen the competitiveness of artisans in the digital era. With a combination of training and the application of technology, this program contributes to the transformation of the digital-based economy in the Madura batik sector.

This study aims to determine the implications of accounting information systems (AIS) as a business strategy for SMEs in Madiun City. Economic digitalization has a major effect on SMEs. One of the implications (Angelina Wijaya Tan et al., 2024) of this economic digitalization is the transformation carried out by SME actors into the digital era, including the use of Accounting Information Systems (AIS). Efficiency is needed by SMEs in order to keep up with the changing times. The use of this AIS can improve the reporting process and business processes carried out by SMEs. Another advantage (Ari Rohmana & Hwihanus Hwihanus, 2023) of using this AIS is to avoid recording errors and reduce waste. It can be seen that AIS has an important role in the business processes carried out by SMEs. The research method used is qualitative research. The respondents used were SMEs in Madiun City.  

The problem raised in this study is how the process of internalizing religious values ​​and independence of female students through ma'had activities at IDIA Prenduan and what are the implications of internalizing religious values ​​and independence of female students through ma'had activities at IDIA Prenduan. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study type. The methods used are interview, observation, and documentation methods. For data analysis, the researcher used the Miles, Hubberman and Saldana model, through data collection, data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. From the validity of the data, the researcher used triangulation with source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the process of internalizing religious values ​​and independence of female students through ma'had activities at the Al-Amien Prenduan Islamic Boarding School Institute has 3 stages, namely (1) the value transformation stage, namely through lectures, istirham, dawn lectures, and tadarrus muwajjah. (2) the value transaction stage through dirosah sobahiyah, tahsinul qiro'ah, and muhadhoroh activities. (3) trans-internalization stage, namely the habituation of female students and enforcement of regulations. The implications of the internalization of religious values ​​and independence of female students through the ma'had activities at the Al-Amien Prenduan Islamic Education Institute are that female students have targets, planning, can appreciate time, and become mature.

The transformation of fiqh principles is crucial in addressing the challenges of Islamic law in the era of social media and e-commerce. As technology advances, new phenomena such as digital transactions, online communication, and social media interactions significantly influence the social and economic dynamics of the Muslim community. In this context, fiqh principles need to be adjusted to remain relevant to the needs of maslahat (public interest) in contemporary times. This article aims to analyze how fiqh principles can be applied in the context of social media and e-commerce, and how they adapt to the changing times to ensure that Islamic principles continue to safeguard the welfare of the community. The approach used is a literature review, focusing on the adaptation of fiqh in facing digital technological advancements.

Structural transformation is an important process in the economic development of a country. In Indonesia, the plan to move the National Capital City (IKN) from Jakarta to Nusantara in East Kalimantan is one of the strategic steps in accelerating structural transformationThe methodology used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the study show that the acceleration of structural transformation through the development of IKN has a significant impact on the formation of a new economic base and increasing Indonesia's competitiveness. The formation of a new economic base in IKN can be seen from the emergence of technology and innovation-based industrial clusters. The impact on national competitiveness can be seen from the increase in productivity and innovation capacityThe analysis of the acceleration of structural transformation through the development of the IKN shows a fundamental change in Indonesia's economic base. The development of IKN as a smart forest city accelerates structural transformation through three main mechanisms. The impact on the formation of a new economic base can be seen from the shift in the economic structure in the IKN area and its surroundings. Structural transformation is also reflected in changes in the composition of the workforce and investment patterns. The impact analysis on Indonesia's competitiveness shows a significant increase in several dimensions