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Jatropha curcas (Jatropha Curcas L) is a plant that has been widely used by the public to treat various diseases and has antibacterial power. This cannot be separated from the secondary metabolite content it contains. The presence of endophytic microbes in these plants makes them interesting to study. This study aimed to determine the number of endophytic fungal isolates and the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungal isolates from Jatropha leaves against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoiae. The test methods of this research are isolation and purification of endophytic fungi and identification of bacteria-producing endophytic fungi of jatropha leaves, as well as testing the diameter of the inhibitory zone of endophytic fungi of jatropha leaves against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae using the agar diffusion method using paper disks. The results of the research obtained 9 isolates which were suspected to be Chaetomium sp DJPT 1, Fusarium sp DJPT 2. Gliocladium sp DJPT 3, Aspergillus fumigatus DJPT 4, Geotrichum sp DJPT 5, Aspergillus niger DJPM 1, Cladosporium sp DJPM 2, Beauveria bassiana DJPM 3, and Aspergillus flavus DJPM 466. Endophytic fungal isolates from Jatropha leaves have antibacterial activity against the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and streptococcus pneumoniae.

This research examines the role of bureaucracy and power structure in modern educational organizations using the Max Weber's theoretical approach. The primary objective of this study is to understand how Weber's concepts related to bureaucracy and power can be applied in the context of contemporary educational institutions. The research methodology employed in this study is a literature review, involving a comprehensive examination of literature from various sources, including books, scholarly journals, and conference papers, relevant to Max Weber's theory, bureaucracy, and power structure in modern educational organizations. The collected data were qualitatively analyzed to support the research findings. The research findings indicate that Weber's bureaucratic principles, such as division of labor, hierarchy, and rational rules, still hold relevance in modern educational organizations. However, their impact may differ in an educational context, where aspects such as flexibility, innovation, and participation also hold significance. Furthermore, the power structure in modern educational organizations can be understood through Weber's concepts of authority and control. This study provides in-depth insights into how Weber's theory can help us comprehend the dynamics of bureaucracy and power in educational institutions, which, in turn, can support improvements and developments in modern education systems.

Economic education is a branch of education that focuses on the study of the economy from its understanding to its influence on life. The economics education study program prepares students to become economics teachers in the future. Meanwhile, educational economics is a science that studies how humans and society choose to use money or not to utilize scarce productive resources to produce various types of training and development of knowledge, skills, thinking power, character and so on. Automatically, economic education influences every human behavior, including students' consumptive nature or desire to shop. Technological advances that provide easy access to online shopping make a person's consumptive nature increasingly high

Max Weber's theory-based leadership emphasises the importance of authority, especially charismatic authority, in influencing and motivating others. Charisma, as a key characteristic, plays a central role in helping educational leaders to achieve their vision and overcome various obstacles. Through a deeper understanding of these concepts, educational leaders can be more effective in creating an inclusive and social justice-orientated educational environment. The purpose of this study is to explain the understanding of charisma and leadership in the context of education management: A Review Based on Max Weber's Theory. The method used in this study uses qualitative research procedures using a research approach in the form of a literature study. The sources of information in this study are reviewed from various novel sources of literature, research reports, scientific essays, theses, dissertations and posts both print and electronic related to Understanding Charisma and Leadership in the Context of Education Management: A Review Based on Max Weber's Theory. The results of this study show that educational leaders have a key role in shaping a more inclusive and socially just future for education. With characteristics of charisma, strong leadership and commitment to social justice values, educational leaders can help create equitable learning environments, provide every student with equal opportunities to grow and develop, and drive positive change in the education system. With charismatic and committed leaders, education has the potential to be a powerful tool in creating a more inclusive and socially just society.

Social stratification is the grouping of a society into certain classes. Where this grouping can show differences in status that exist in society. Every society has something that is valued, maybe in the form of money, maybe land, maybe objects of economic value, maybe also in the form of power, knowledge, piety in religion, or descent from certain families, occupations and others. It is well known that education and the learning process are very important needs in human life. Therefore, this study aims to determine the form of social stratification in the economy of urban communities. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. The results show that those with low socio-economic status tend to have high social relationships while those with high socio-economic status tend to have relatively low relationships. In other words, what influences the pattern of social interaction or social relations in urban communities is socioeconomic status, type of work, income level and education level. In addition, there are other factors that determine the pattern of social interaction or social relations in the city.

The purpose of this study was to learn how creative the PAI teachers at SMPN 2 Koto Balingka were when using the presentation software Power Point to engage their students who were less engaged in the learning process and more likely to experience frustration and boredom. And the pitfalls that teachers have to deal with while using Power Point. This study employed a descriptive quantitative methodology.Researchers play direct roles as planners, implementers, data collectors, data analysts, and report writers.Collecting information by means of observation, interviews, and written records.Information is gathered from interviews, documents, and libraries. This study's findings suggest that teachers can boost students' understanding of a subject by being creative with Power Point presentations. This can be done by providing clear explanations of the topic at hand, coming up with unique wording for slides, and showing relevant images. Teachers can become more innovative in their use of today's sophisticated technology by making use of Power Point presentations. Students can understand the material presented. The lack of an LCD projector, the disparity between student and teacher proficiency with the PowerPoint software, and the short amount of time available for its use are all factors that dampen teachers' inventiveness while using the program.

The potential for natural resources is very abundant, especially geothermal energy on Flores Island which is being sought after by investors. Apart from the very diverse diversity of the people. Therefore, the conflict that occurred on Flores Island resulted in rejection of the geothermal development project and how to analyze the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples on Flores Island based on the theory of justice (John Rawls). The research method used in this research is a normative juridical research method. This research is prescriptive in nature, offering a concept for solving a problem (problem solving) and not just descriptive (just to describe something as it is). The data sources used in this research are secondary data collected through literature (documentary research) and legal approaches. Traditional law communities on Flores Island always live side by side with nature. The country is supposed to protect its people through policies that are just and pro-people, but in reality at this time, their lives have been disturbed by the Geothermal Power Plant construction project carried out by the Indonesian government.

This research was motivated by the low ability of mentally retarded students in addition calculation operations. The aim of this research is to use PowerPoint animation media in learning to improve the mathematical abilities of students with intellectual disabilities. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK) with a qualitative approach and carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this research were three mentally retarded students in class V SLB YPPLB Pangkep. Data collection includes tests, observations, and documentation as well as qualitative data analysis. The results of the study showed that the arithmetic addition ability of mentally retarded students in class V SLB YPPLB Pangkep school increased. So it can be concluded that using PowerPoint animation media can help improve the ability of mentally retarded students to calculate addition operations.    

The Indonesian Constitutional Court in its judicial review of the Criminal Procedure Code No. 34/PUU-XI/2013 stated that Article 268 paragraph (3) regarding the limit on filing for judicial review of criminal cases is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and has no binding legal force. The Supreme Court responded to the decision by issuing Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 07/2014 which continues to limit judicial review to only one time based on the Judicial Power Act and the Supreme Court Act. Departing from regulatory dualism, this paper formulates the problem of the legal products issued by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court in terms of material testing of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. This study uses normative legal research methods through a review of literature sources. Through Gustav Radbruch's Legal Theory, this study found that first, the position of the SEMA was issued even though it was in accordance with existing laws and regulations, but this decision was contrary to Gustav Radbruch's Legal Theory. Second, the legal consequences after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Supreme Court through SEMA that limits the filing of judicial review to one time is legally flawed both in terms of substance and formal formation because it contradicts the Constitutional Court Decision.

This article aims to investigate the changes that have occurred in the development of the Islamic religious education curriculum. Islamic religious education has an important role in shaping the character of students and developing their understanding of Islamic teachings. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method by analyzing related documents, school policies, and interviews with related parties. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a clear picture of how changes in the development of the Islamic religious education curriculum contribute to improving the quality of education. Based on the results of research in the field, it was found that learning activities make it very easy for us to get further information about innovative curriculum developments using internet-based learning media and determining the applications that are of interest to students nowadays, including the applications used by teachers, the IG application. , interactive Power Point, Tiktok, Quiziz, Classroom and other supporting applications. Based on the researcher's explanation, it was found that in innovation in Islamic religious education, curriculum development in the era of revolution 4.0 can also be applied to visuals for learning, flipped classrooms, centered on students learning the learning process, results-based learning, collaborative spaces.

Comparative law as a science in the Western world is a very young branch of science, only growing rapidly at the end of the 19th century or at the beginning of the 20th century. Previously, efforts had been made to compare several systems with each other, but at that time It cannot be said that research has been carried out using a comparative method carried out systematically and continuously with the aim of achieving a certain goal. The method used is library research, collecting data by searching for sources and constructing them from various sources such as books, journals and existing research. In its development, this legal system recognized the division of public law and private law. Public law includes legal regulations that regulate the power and authority of the ruler/state as well as the relationships between society and the state (the same as public law in the Anglo-Saxon legal system). Private Law includes legal regulations that regulate relationships between individuals in meeting their daily needs. The values ​​of the western legal system are not in accordance with the noble values ​​of the Indonesian nation, resulting in a gap between the law and the Indonesian society it regulates. The customary law system has its values ​​in certain indigenous communities, can only be believed and practiced by indigenous communities, and cannot be ratified as national law, and the Islamic legal system's values ​​are believed and practiced by the majority of Indonesian people nationally.

The granting of marriage dispensation by judges experienced a discourse from the age of marriage, which originally occurred because of the age difference between men and women, which caused family conditions that were not solid, with the younger age of women causing marriage to look more discriminating against women in the purpose of marriage. Then it changed to a regulation that equalized the age limit for marriage for both men and women. In the treatment of deviations from the rules of marriage age, it is also emphasized that there is equal treatment. However, this cannot limit the judges' ability to render judgments. The examination of marriage dispensation must be carried out thoroughly, so the focus of this study is on how the dynamics present in each decision by judges need to be analyzed. The research method is a study of normative law related to the provisions of the marriage dispensation. The analysis is carried out with the theory of judicial power, which includes legal justice, legal certainty, and legal expediency. The results showed that every judge's decision is affected by the disparity of the judgment on the granting of marriage dispensation when the judge does not examine all the offenses of the application for dispensation in the search for the application for dispensation, which becomes the basis for the judge to consider the decision. So that stigma for urgent reasons does not become unclear and clear. Therefore, every trial must systematically follow the judicial process in order to realize the purpose of marriage  

To support green energy and reduce the effects of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to conceptualize and explore the use of renewable energy. In this research, the use of new renewable energy, especially photovoltaics (PV), will be applied to educational buildings, especially at ITS PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. This system is intended to reduce the use of conventional electrical energy. This system will be installed on the roofs of campus buildings with installation plans to meet the power requirement of 4.8 kW. This photovoltaic (PV) system will be modeled to determine the number of PV panels needed. Based on the simulation results, the number of panels required is 36 panels (2 series, 18 parallel) to produce 4.85kWh of power. Modeling and analysis of this system was carried out using RETScreen and MATLAB SIMULINK software.

Sustainable national development requires support from quality, creative, and independent human resources (HR). In facing the challenges of global competition and rapid technological change, strengthening HR competencies since school age is very important. This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve understanding and build entrepreneurial character among high school students through basic creative entrepreneurship training. This PKM is carried out by lecturers from the Faculty of Economics, Business and Humanities (FEBHum) of Karangturi National University (UNKARTUR), especially from the Management Study Program, as a form of implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. The activity took place offline at SMA Sedes Sapientiae Semarang on Monday, May 8, 2023, at 09.00–12.00 WIB and was attended by students as participants. This activity presented three speakers who presented material on strengthening HR competencies, the basics of creative entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. The methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, and question and answer sessions, supported by Microsoft PowerPoint-based presentation media. The results of the activity show an increase in students' understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship, as well as growing interest and motivation to become independent and innovative young entrepreneurs. This activity provides benefits not only for students, but also for schools and universities, in strengthening collaboration in forming superior human resources since secondary education level.

Language has an important position in human life, namely as a communication tool that connects individuals with each other. The irreplaceable role of language forces humans to be able to master language. Effective communication can be achieved if there is the same meaning between the communicator and the communicant regarding the message conveyed. The research aims to explain the form of wise expressions in the novels "Rindu" and "Pukat" by Tere Liye; the meaning of wise expressions contained in each wise expression in conversation; and the power of the meaning of wise expressions in conversation to make the writer a character. The research design used was descriptive qualitative with semantic studies and the sample in this study was 44 respondents. The results show that there are four forms of wise expressions used in Tere Liye's two works, namely wise expressions of advice, ethics/morals, education, and religion. The meanings contained in wise expressions in conversations according to Djajasudarma's theory in the novel "Rindu" include broad, emotive, dramatic, propositional, central, fictional and idiomatic meanings. Meanwhile, the meaning of wise expressions in "Pukat" includes broad meaning, motif, dramatic, propositional, central, pictorial and idiomatic.

This community service program was motivated by the suboptimal development of agribusiness partnership patterns among farmer groups assisted by the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) of East Dumai District, Dumai City, which has resulted in low productivity, limited value added, and weak bargaining power of farmers. The program aimed to enhance farmers’ understanding, capacity, and readiness to develop sustainable agribusiness partnership strategies. The method applied was a community organizing approach through counseling, participatory discussions, and mentoring involving five farmer groups with a total of 15 farmers. The results indicate an improvement in farmers’ understanding of agribusiness partnership concepts and models, a shift in mindset from individual to collective group-based farming, and the emergence of initial agreements to develop simple partnership schemes with local agribusiness actors. In addition, farmers showed increased readiness in managerial aspects, product quality improvement, and communication with potential partners. This program contributes to strengthening farmer group institutions and provides a foundation for developing more structured and sustainable agribusiness partnerships.

Executive Information Systems (ISE) have become an integral part of modern corporate management, providing executives with relevant and immediate information to support decision making. This journal discusses the implementation of the Executive Information System in the employee payroll process using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 development environment and SQL Server database. This research includes the design, development and implementation of an Executive Information System application for the employee payroll department. The system development methodology focuses on requirements analysis, application design, coding, testing, and implementation. Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 is used as the primary development environment, providing powerful tools for building intuitive and efficient user interfaces. SQL Server database is used as an integrated and secure data storage. This application is designed to manage payroll information, including employee personal data, salary history, salary deductions and bonuses. The advantages of this system include the ability to provide real-time information to executives, increase the efficiency of human resource management, and support faster and more accurate decision making in the context of employee payroll.

The method used by the author in this study is a qualitative method, this method is used to observe, understand and describe a study about the increase in tariffs for PDAM Tirta Mayang in Jambi city. The drinking water tariff is the cost of drinking water services that must be paid by the customer for each use of drinking water provided by the organizer. In the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 23 of 2006 concerning Technical Guidelines and Procedures for Determining Drinking Water Tariffs at Regional Drinking Water Companies (PDAMs). The tariff for the level of basic drinking water needs must be affordable by customers whose purchasing power is equal to or less than the Provincial Minimum Wage. In the event that household expenditures to meet basic drinking water standards do not exceed 4% (four percent) of the income of the customer community, the tariff meets the affordability criteria. Tariffs must be applied fairly. the calculation and determination of drinking water tariffs is based on the principles of affordability and fairness. Quality of service, full cost recovery, efficiency of water use, transparency, accountability and protection of raw water.

This research is to understand the concept of power in political and democratic theory. This research uses the method, In political theory, the concept of power refers to the ability of a person or group to influence the actions, decisions and behavior of other people. This concept is important in understanding how power is used and distributed in a political system. In political theory, power is understood as the ability to influence the actions and decisions of others, with various approaches, including as a resource or as a social relationship.

Cafes or also known as coffee places among today's society, especially teenagers. Cafes are used as a place to hang out and become a business to meet the needs of consumers. In this era of development, many cafes are competing to provide a comfortable place and atmosphere to attract customers, making it suitable as a place to relax, chat or gather. One example is Chord Cafe, this cafe is very strategically located so it is easy to reach and has a comfortable place. Chord Cafe also has many choices of coffee and non-coffee menus as well as snacks and heavy meals. This cafe has baristas who are very skilled in making various kinds of coffee and other drinks. As a fairly large cafe, Cord Cafe often holds live music, this is one way to attract customers to come to the café.