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One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

Teachers are the pillars of the development of society's building blocks, i.e., the students; therefore, for the effective and constructive nourishment of the students, the performance of the teachers must be excellent with the support of external elements. To empirically analyse teachers' performance, this study employed a quantitative research technique, elucidating the influence of school environment, character development, and school administration on teachers' performance levels through the mediation of the efficacy component of individual personality. The study targeted high school teachers in Indonesia, collected data purposefully using a survey instrument, and used a total of 227 legitimate and effective responses to compile the results. The research found substantial results for all direct interactions, and mediation was recommended for the school climate and teacher performance. The study added a fresh piece of evidence to the literature by shedding light on the impact of external environmental elements at the school level on teachers' performance.

Many students find traditional learning methods to be uninteresting, which can lead to a lackluster classroom environment. This is often due to teachers delivering material that fails to engage students and a lack of interaction between teachers and students. As a result, students may struggle to understand the material presented to them, leading to suboptimal learning outcomes. However, advancements in technology offer solutions to this issue. The use of Virtual Reality (VR) is an effective way to support learning and make it more engaging. Studies show that incorporating VR in elementary school mathematics education can be particularly helpful. VR allows for a more realistic and contextual learning experience, making topics that are often considered difficult or boring more interesting and interactive. In addition, research has shown that technology such as Wolfram's Mathematica can improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts and computational skills. This research aims to explore teachers' understanding of the potential of VR as a learning medium and how it can be used to visualize abstract concepts that are challenging to grasp. By implementing this technology, we can improve learning outcomes for elementary school students.

Lack of social skills in students has an impact on students' indifferent attitude towards tasks given by teachers, lack of student participation in school activities and lack of interaction between students so that there are students who tend to be closed and have no sense of concern for their friends. Therefore, the role of teachers is needed in providing a positive contribution to the development of students' social attitudes. This type of research is descriptive qualitative and the data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively which aims to describe the problems that occur and relate them to the specified variables and can also be discussed in narrative form. The results of the study found that social skills as an interaction ability between teachers and teachers and teachers with students, and students with students so social skills in schools are related to the relationship of school community interactions, the role of teachers in developing students' social skills attitudes is shown through a learning approach in the classroom, for example through character values ​​explained in learning with the aim of training students to have a sense of sympathy, concern, tolerance which are part of social skills so that in the development of students' social skills at SMP Negeri 2 Seram Barat, students can accept the application of social skills attitudes well, this can be seen from student interactions both with teachers and with peers. Application of Social Skills attitudes in Learning for students in class that in the learning process carried out by teachers in class at SMP Negeri 2 Seram Barat, using learning methods such as: question and answer methods, lecture methods, demonstration methods, discussion methods, jigsaw learning methods, peer teaching methods. The application of social skills attitudes in classroom learning, the right method is a method that trains student cooperation, trains how to convey opinions such as question and answer methods, discussion methods. In implementing social skills attitudes, not only teachers have an important role, but social skills are also carried out by other teachers in classroom learning using learning methods that can develop students' social skills.

Student character is not only determined by academic achievement, but also by strong morals and ethics, where character education plays a key role in this. This study focuses on the implementation of traditional games as a means of character education at SD Negeri 1 Demulih. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that traditional games such as Meong-meongan, Guwak-guwakan, and Poh-pohan are effective in developing student character, especially in aspects of cooperation, responsibility, and sportsmanship. Before this activity was implemented, many students showed individualistic attitudes and lack of empathy. However, after the implementation of traditional games, there was a significant increase in social interaction, the ability to work in groups, and mutual respect among students. However, to achieve more optimal results, it is necessary to improve facilities and clearer instructions regarding the implementation of traditional games. This study concludes that traditional games are an effective tool for student character education.

The aim of this research is to give a new definition and study a new notion of fuzzy α̂g-topological R-module spaces using fuzzy α̂g-open sets. The concept of fuzzy α̂g-topological R-modules is introduced and study them to provide a mathematical basis. Traditional cautiousness for F bisected by α̂g-tautologies reigns furtive-space yield we assay different fuzzy α̂g-separation axioms such as  where  in the context of these spaces.  Also, we study fuzzy -separation axiom  in fuzzy  - Topological. R-Module space. The results indicate that throughout the  domain of a fuzzy topological R-module space  the following fuzzy separation axioms  and are valid.  Also, we also show that possessing fuzzy α̂g-open neighborhoods has further consequences to the structure and continuity of fuzzy topological spaces. The main conclusion of our research is that the mysterious α̂g topological R-unit spaces are a new and interesting area for further study. The terms of their operations in addition to providing important information about the interaction between fuzziness and topological properties that may be useful in many mathematical and applied branches.

This Study explores the important role of Cristian Education (PAK) values ​​in the lives of diverse communities. Within the framework of pluralism, values ​​such as love, tolerance, and justice are key to creating interfaith harmony. With a qualitative approach, this study examines how PAK values ​​are applied in social interactions, education systems, and community activities.The results of the study indicate that the application of PAK values ​​not only strengthens Christian identity, but also supports positive dialogue between religious communities. The conclusion of this article confirms that the integration of PAK values ​​can serve as a bridge to building a more inclusive and peaceful society, and reduce the risk of conflict in diversity.

This study aims to The purpose of this study is to understand and describe locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts in the Mappettuada tradition of the Bugis-Makassar ethnic group. The data in the study are in the form of linguistic units consisting of words, phrases, clauses, sentences of speech in the Bugis tribe's mappettuada tradition in online media (youtube). The results of the study revealed that the communication pattern of the Bugis tribe's mappettuada tradition is formed by the communication structure in a speech event between the speaker and the speech partner. The data in this study amounted to 29 data which were classified based on pragmatic theory, namely locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts. Locutionary speech acts were found in three forms of speech acts in the form of 2 declarative data, 2 interrogative data, and 2 imperative data. This proves that locutionary speech acts greatly influence the conversation process in the form of negotiations in determining the amount of money in the mappettu event. Illocutionary speech acts consist of 5 types, namely assertive speech acts with 4 data, directive 8 data, expressive 4 data, commissive 1 data, declarative 4 data. The assertive speech acts found consist of four forms of speech, namely mentioning, showing, informing and stating. The directive speech acts found consist of five forms of speech, namely inviting, requesting, charging, suggesting, and challenging. The expressive speech acts consist of three forms of speech, namely saying thank you, blaming and flattering. The commissive speech acts found consist of two forms of speech, namely swearing and promising. The declarative speech acts consist of four forms of speech, namely deciding, canceling, prohibiting, and granting. The most dominant speech act found in the interaction of the mappettu event is the directive speech act. In the perlocutionary speech act, data was found on two types of perlocutionary speech acts found, namely invitation speech acts and orders. In addition, there are also reactions or responses from the interlocutor when hearing the speech. The responses or reactions that arise include happiness, being more motivated, the effect of accepting the invitation, being more enthusiastic, immediately carrying out orders and so on.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 era has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including social relations in society. Digital technologies such as social media, the internet of things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) have become an integral part of human interaction. This article aims to analyze the influence of the use and implementation of digital technology on the pattern of social relations in society. This study uses a qualitative method with an in-depth literature approach. The results of the analysis show that although digital technology provides convenience in communication, there are negative impacts such as decreased face-to-face interaction and increased social isolation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly become an integral component of modern education, offering significant opportunities to improve accessibility, efficiency, and personalized learning. This study explores students’ perceptions of AI in educational contexts, focusing not only on its practical benefits but also on ethical concerns, particularly regarding data privacy and social responsibility. Adopting a mixed-method design, the research collected data through surveys and classroom observations. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify trends in perceptions, while observation notes were thematically coded to capture students’ real interactions with AI applications. The findings reveal that students generally exhibit a positive attitude toward AI, recognizing its potential to enhance learning experiences by making education more accessible and efficient. However, the study also highlights that concerns over data privacy and the potential misuse of information remain central issues. Moreover, a notable gap exists between students’ appreciation of the practical benefits of AI and their awareness of ethical dimensions such as algorithmic bias and digital responsibility. This imbalance suggests that while students are ready to embrace AI as a tool, they may not yet be adequately prepared to address the broader ethical implications of its use. The discussion situates these findings within the framework of digital ethics, emphasizing the need for education systems to integrate ethical literacy alongside technological skills. By doing so, schools and universities can ensure that students are both technologically competent and socially responsible. The study concludes that although AI is welcomed in educational settings, greater emphasis on digital ethics education is essential to maximize its benefits and minimize potential risks. This research provides a basis for future studies on policy development and ethical practices for AI in the classroom.

The process of learning Islamic Religious Education in SLB N Banjarnegara is an educational interaction between students and the school environment. In this case, schools are given the freedom to choose the most effective learning strategies, methods and techniques according to the characteristics of the subjects, characteristics of students, characteristics of teachers, and resources available at the school. With this freedom, researchers are interested in conducting further research related to the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning for students in SLBN Banjarnegara. This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning for students in SLBN Banjarnegara. This type of research is field research (Field Research) with a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis method uses Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Conclusion Drawing. Based on the results of the research conducted by the author on the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning for students with special needs in SLB N Banjarnegara. There are three results from this study, including (1) The concept of Islamic Religious Education learning for students with special needs (2) implementing the application of Islamic Religious Education learning with various strategies (3) Constraints and supporters of the Islamic Religious Education learning process for students with special needs. For the implementation process, the teacher delivers material that is adjusted to the abilities of the students. Meanwhile, the methods used by the teacher are lecture methods, questions and answers, and practice. In addition, it is supported by using media so that students are interested and focused on following the learning. In addition, the teacher also does not give many assignments or questions but rather does more repetition. Meanwhile, the evaluation carried out on mentally retarded children is adjusted to the abilities of the students themselves. The evaluation tools used by the teacher do not specifically have documents.  

The film Filosofi Kopi is a literary work that raises coffee as a metaphor, symbol, and narrative element of Coffee as part of global and local culture in Indonesia. This work not only offers interesting fictional stories, but also to analyze Tiwus copies from Java, using a qualitative approach with a method of analyzing literary texts that include thematic, stylistic, and intertextual aspects. This research seeks to understand how elements that have philosophical values that describe life, struggle, and social care. The results of the analysis show that the main themes of this are struggle, care and social interaction, which is reflected through a cup of coffee between the characters. Coffee is often presented as a representation of human relations, existence describes the daily dynamics in society, which connects existentialism, harmony, and reflection in life in a literary work. Presenting a diversity of meanings, starting from simple life symbols and human relationships. This research contributes to a deep understanding of how a cup of coffee can be raised into a theme and title that contains rich meaning and significance in the study of a literature

Active learning strategies are considered one of the most effective approaches in creating meaningful, participatory learning processes that enhance students’ intrinsic motivation. In the context of Fiqh learning, the implementation of active learning strategies plays a crucial role because Fiqh not only requires cognitive understanding but also involves strengthening attitudes and internalizing religious values. Traditional teacher-centered learning methods often lead to passive participation, boredom, and a lack of motivation among students. Therefore, the use of active learning strategies—such as group discussions, simulations, problem-solving activities, and experiential learning—can encourage students to participate more actively, think critically, and develop a stronger motivation to achieve better learning outcomes.This study aims to describe how active learning strategies can improve students’ motivation in Fiqh subjects. The analysis shows that engaging students directly in learning activities increases their attention, interest, and sense of responsibility in understanding the material. Additionally, two-way interactions between teachers and students create a more dynamic and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Thus, active learning strategies serve as a relevant and effective approach to enhancing learning motivation and improving the overall quality of Fiqh education.

This study examines the dynamics of Christian families in navigating modern lifestyles, focusing on the congregation of GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang. Modernity characterized by digitalization, high mobility, economic pressure, and shifting social values has significantly influenced family communication patterns, emotional relationships, and spiritual formation within Christian households. The purpose of this study is to describe the changes experienced by congregational families in the context of modernity and to analyze the role of pastoral counseling as a relevant form of support for family well-being. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, limited observations, and a review of church documents. The findings indicate that Christian families face challenges such as declining communication quality, reduced family time, the pervasive influence of gadgets on daily interactions, and weakened spiritual disciplines. Furthermore, shifting parenting patterns and increasing psychological pressure also affect family stability. Within this context, pastoral counseling in GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang plays an essential role in providing spiritual, emotional, and practical guidance through empathetic, relational, and faith-based approaches. Pastoral care has proven effective in helping families realign life priorities, strengthen communication, and cultivate sustainable spiritual practices. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of enhancing structured family support programs in the church, improving pastoral leaders’ capacity as counselors, and encouraging families to develop healthy digital discipline to maintain relational and spiritual quality amid the demands of modern life.

This study examines the asbab al-nuzul of Q.S. al-Baqarah (2):220 and its relevance to the concept of orphan care in Islamic thought. Employing a library research method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, the study analyzes the Qur’anic text, classical tafsir works (such as al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir, and al-Qurtubi), authoritative asbab al-nuzul sources (al-Waḥidi and al-Suyuti), as well as contemporary scholarly literature and recent journal articles (2020–2024). The findings indicate that Q.S. al-Baqarah (2):220 was revealed as a corrective response to the excessive caution among the Companions following stern warnings against unjust consumption of orphans’ property. The verse emphasizes the principle of islaḥ (reform and welfare) as the primary criterion for interactions with orphans. A thematic reading, complemented by related verses such as Q.S. al-Nisa’ (4):2 and (4):10 and Q.S. al-Duha (93):9, demonstrates that orphan care in Islam integrates legal, ethical, psychological, and social dimensions, prioritizing dignity and social integration over isolation. Contemporary studies further affirm the relevance of this verse to modern child protection principles, particularly the best interest of the child and family-based care models. This study recommends the development of orphan care policies rooted in family and community-based approaches, guided by trustworthiness, transparency, and holistic welfare.  

This study examines the implementation of sakinah (tranquilty) family development at the religious affairs office (KUA) of Medan Denai subdistrict, North Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, trough the Qur'anic perspective of Surah Ar-Rum verse 21 as interpreted in Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. The verse elucidates one of Allah's signs in creating spouses from among humankind to attain tranquility (sakinah), affection (mawaddah), and mercy (rahmah) within marital bonds. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with religious counselors and newlywed couples, and documentation analysis of premarital counseling programs at KUA Medan Denai. Findings reveal that the office has integrated the triadic values of sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah into its premarital guidance modules grounded in contextual Qur'anic interpretation. However, post-marital follow-up remains limited, affecting sustainability. Tafsir Al-Misbah provides a robust conceptual framework by interpreting sakinah as spiritual serenity rooted in faith, mawaddah as active emotional commitment, and rahmah as divine compassion manifested in daily family interactions. The study concludes that optimizing sakinah family development requires strengthening thematic Qur'anic-based counseling modules and establishing continuous post-nuptial mentoring to foster families that are spiritually grounded, emotionally resilient, and socially responsible. This research contributes to the discourse on integrating classical Qur'anic exegesis with contemporary family counseling practices in Indonesia's religious bureaucracy.

This study aims to analyze the E-Relationship Marketing strategy implemented by PT. Travel Al-Amar Madani Masyhur Medan through social media in an effort to maintain pilgrim loyalty amidst the increasingly competitive Umrah travel industry in the digital era. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with management and pilgrims, observation of social media activities (Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp), and documentation. Data analysis used data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results show that the implementation of E-Relationship Marketing is carried out through four main dimensions: service personalization, digital community building, responsive interaction, and consistency of Islamic brand character. The use of social media is proven effective in increasing trust and emotional closeness of pilgrims, leading to loyalty in the form of repeat orders and recommendations (advocacy). The main obstacle found is the digital literacy gap among elderly pilgrims, which the company addressed through simpler and more intensive communication approaches on the WhatsApp platform.

The flash floods and landslides in Central Aceh Regency are hydrometeorological disasters resulting from the interaction between natural factors and environmental conditions, such as extreme rainfall and declining ecological capacity due to land-use changes. In this context, community service activities conducted by law students of Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara function not only as humanitarian responses but also as a medium for social learning in internalizing the values of religious moderation based on local wisdom. This study aims to examine the role of students in disaster response and how these values are internalized through interactions with the Gayo community. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-participatory design. Data were collected through participatory observation, informal interviews, and documentation during activities in disaster-affected areas, and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that these activities contributed to both physical recovery and social-psychological support, including trauma healing. Local wisdom values such as deliberation, mutual cooperation, and social solidarity act as social capital in strengthening community resilience and reflect religious moderation in daily life. Overall, this approach integrates academic knowledge, humanitarian values, and religious moderation while fostering students’ social awareness, empathy, and commitment

Caring behavior encompasses compassion, empathy, responsibility, sensitivity, and supportive actions that shape quality nursing care. Therapeutic communication, as a structured and goal-directed interaction, is essential for facilitating patient recovery and meeting client needs. This study aimed to describe the caring behavior and therapeutic communication competencies of third-year nursing students during clinical practice. A descriptive method was applied used cross sectional design, involving all 97 students selected through a total sampling method. Data were collected using validated questionnaires on caring behavior and therapeutic communication, and analyzed bivariate using frequency and percentage distributions. Results showed that 50 students (51.5%) demonstrated very good caring behavior, whereas only 9 students (9.3%) achieved sufficient levels of therapeutic communication. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening training strategies to enhance students’ caring competencies and therapeutic communication skills, thereby improving the effectiveness and quality of nursing practice. It is hoped that strengthening these skills will help nursing students overcome challenges in clinical practice and contribute to more effective patient recovery.

This study aims to analyze user satisfaction with the PLN Mobile application using the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) method. PLN Mobile is a digital innovation from PLN, offering services such as electricity payment, token purchase, and e-commerce for electrical equipment. The SERVQUAL method assesses the gap between customers' expectations and perceptions across five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data collection involved questionnaires focusing on users' perceptions and expectations, complemented by direct observations of user interactions with the application. The findings reveal negative gaps across all Service Quality dimensions, indicating that customer perceptions fell short of their expectations. The largest gap was identified in the assurance dimension (-23.2), followed by responsiveness (-16.88). The tangibles dimension also showed significant shortcomings (-8.48), mainly concerning the application's interface and functionality. While the application performed relatively well in terms of reliability and responsiveness, substantial improvements are needed across all dimensions to enhance user satisfaction. These results offer strategic insights for improving PLN Mobile to become more responsive, reliable, and aligned with user needs in the future.