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The purpose of collecting invoices at PT. ABC is to ensure that all transactions are well documented and to ensure the completeness of transaction data for the purposes of financial recording and reporting. The use of invoices in preparing financial reports is the main basis that must be used at PT. ABC. Invoices allow companies to monitor and manage transactions more effectively, as well as facilitate the accounting and financial management processes. This study was conducted using qualitative methods and using data collection techniques through interviews to understand in depth the process of preparing invoice-based financial reports at PT. ABC. This approach was chosen because it allows researchers to dig up information in detail and understand the context and dynamics in the financial reporting system. PT. ABC, a private company engaged in the field of CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Supplier, requires an effective system to manage and organize financial data related to sales and expenditure transactions.  

The learning process at the Merdeka Campus is one manifestation of student-centered learning which is very essential. Learning on the Independent Campus provides challenges and opportunities for developing innovation, creativity, capacity, personality and student needs, as well as developing independence in seeking and finding knowledge through the realities and dynamics of the field such as ability requirements, real problems, social interaction, collaboration, self-management, performance demands, targets and achievements. Through a well-designed and implemented independent learning program, students' hard and soft skills will be strongly formed.In the series of introductions to new students, the MBKM team was asked to be a resource for introducing MBKM to new students. The aim of this activity is to provide knowledge to new students regarding MBKM. There are several benefits that students can get by participating in MBKM activities, one of which is additional competency skills outside campus, learning experiences outside campus and recognition of a maximum of 20 credits for MBKM activities so that they can speed up graduation. Students and students have the skills desired by industry.

This research aims to analyze the rights and obligations of citizens in the era of globalization with a focus on PGSD students at PGRI Adi Buana University (UNIPA) Surabaya. The era of globalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including citizenship. Students as prospective educators have an important role in understanding and implementing their rights and obligations as good citizens. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, dokumentasi and literature study. The research results show that PGSD UNIPA Surabaya students have a good understanding of their rights and obligations, such as the right to education, freedom of opinion, and the obligation to pay taxes and respect the law. However, challenges in facing the era of globalization, such as the influence of foreign culture and technological advances, require adjustments and strengthening of citizenship education. This research concludes that increasing students' awareness and knowledge about the rights and obligations of citizens is very necessary to face the dynamics of globalization wisely.

The digital age has brought significant changes in the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), making it increasingly crucial to safeguard works and innovations from easy infringement. This research aims to analyze the civil liability for IPR infringers in the digital era, which involves the application of civil law principles such as the elements of fault, presumption of liability, and absolute liability. IPR regulations in Indonesia have evolved since the Dutch colonial period until now, adjusting to digital dynamics through various new laws and regulations. This research uses normative methods supported by empirical methods to analyze in depth the civil liability for perpetrators of intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement in the digital era. This approach allows researchers to evaluate legal principles and applicable regulations, as well as collect primary data from real cases, such as copyright infringement on online platforms. Analysis of empirical data from infringement cases provides tangible evidence of the application of the law and its impact. Thus, normative methods supported by empirical methods provide not only a strong theoretical foundation but also a practical context for more effective policy recommendations in protecting IPR.The case studies show that copyright owners can file a lawsuit and, if proven, perpetrators can be penalized to pay damages as well as court costs. Registration of IPRs provides legal certainty and strong evidence in court. Therefore, preventive legal protection through strict regulation and repressive legal protection through strict sanctions are essential to enforce IPR and prevent further infringement in the digital age. This study concludes that consistent law enforcement and increasing public awareness of the importance of IPR protection are crucial steps in facing the challenges of the digital era.    

This qualitative research delves into the psychological demarcations within Amitav Ghosh’s “The Shadow Lines” by an intensive study of the characters’ intricate relationships with each other, creating a sense of internationalism. Set against the backdrop of the Indian subcontinent’s partition, the novel explores the artificial divisions of caste, nation, and identity, and their profound impacts on human relationships. This study examines both primary and secondary sources to dissect the intricate relationships among the characters, highlighting the devastating effects of psychological borders compared to physical ones. While geographical demarcations physically separate people, the psychological borders ingrained in individuals’ minds create deeper, more enduring divisions. This research underscores how these mental boundaries perpetuate alienation, contrasting with the moments of collective unity despite physical separations. Through a meticulous analysis of character dynamics, the paper argues that psychological borders are more harmful, influencing emotions and identities on a fundamental level. The study offers significant insights into the themes of identity, trauma, and demarcation in literature, contributing to a deeper understanding of how mental and social divisions shape human interactions and societal structures.

Government institutions have an important role in maintaining state stability, but often separatist conflicts arise due to dissatisfaction with a government system that is considered unfair. This research aims to examine the structure and dynamics of the government systems of Indonesia and Malaysia, which adhere to a presidential system, and Malaysia, which adhere to a constitutional monarchy system, so as to provide a comprehensive understanding of political dynamics in Southeast Asia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with literature study to understand the structure and dynamics of the Indonesian and Malaysian government systems. The research results show that Indonesia has a presidential system of government with strong executive power, while Malaysia has a constitutional-monarchical system with a complex division of power between the prime minister and the states. Although both share historical and cultural similarities, differences in their governmental structures lead to different strengths and weaknesses in the exercise of executive power and the relationship between heads of state and heads of government. In conclusion, although Indonesia and Malaysia have historical and cultural similarities, differences in their government systems result in different dynamics in the exercise of executive power and the relationship between the head of state and head of government. Understanding these differences helps clarify the challenges and opportunities faced by both countries in building and strengthening their governance systems in accordance with the needs and dynamics of their societies. Through this research, it is hoped that it can provide a deeper understanding of the structure and dynamics of the government systems of the two countries, as well as their implications.

This qualitative case study explores the dynamics and reflections arising from the interaction between Kuliah Kerja Nyata students from Post 82, UIN Walisongo Semarang, and the Putatgede community, focusing on their farewell event. Data was collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with students and community members, and document analysis. Findings reveal the farewell event as a microcosm of the KKN experience, highlighting themes of reciprocal learning, cultural exchange, emotional connection, and challenges faced. The event fostered a sense of community ownership and sustainability of initiatives. This study underscores the importance of culminating events in fieldwork programs for reflection, celebration, and strengthening community ties.  

This study aims to explore the influence of biological factors, specifically DNA, on men's decisions regarding celibacy, monogamy, and polygamy. In this context, sexual and relationship decisions may be influenced by various genetic factors underlying individual behaviors and preferences. By analyzing genetic data from male samples who choose celibacy, monogamy, or polygamy, and collecting information about their social and psychological backgrounds, this research identifies genetic patterns that may be associated with tendencies toward one of these three options. Initial findings suggest that certain genetic variations may be related to relationship preferences and sexual behavior. This study provides new insights into how genetic factors can affect decisions related to relationship structures, with significant implications for further research on the interaction between biology and social behavior. The results of this research are expected to open up further dialogue regarding the role of genetics in determining human relationship dynamics.

Traffic accident law enforcement is a crucial element in efforts to improve justice and road safety in Indonesia. In the jurisdiction of the Tanjung Pinang Police, the problem of traffic accidents is a serious concern considering the high number of accidents that occur every year. This study aims to identify obstacles that hinder the optimization of traffic accident law enforcement and formulate effective solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, document analysis, and direct observation on the ground. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to understand the dynamics of traffic accident law enforcement in this region. The results of the study show that there are four main obstacles in traffic accident law enforcement at the Tanjung Pinang Police: limited human resources and equipment, lack of socialization and education about traffic safety, legal culture that has not been well formed in the community, and coordination between law enforcement agencies that is not optimal. Limited resources cause case handling to be less efficient, while the lack of socialization and education results in low public awareness of the importance of obeying traffic rules. In addition, the weak legal culture makes people reluctant to report accidents or provide information as witnesses. Poor coordination between the police, prosecutor's office, and the courts slows down the case resolution process. To overcome these obstacles, this study suggests increasing the allocation of resources and ongoing training for law enforcement officials, intensifying education and socialization programs on traffic safety to the public, applying a restorative justice approach to build public trust in the law, as well as the formation of joint working teams and the use of integrated information systems to improve coordination between institutions. With these steps, it is hoped that traffic accident law enforcement can run more effectively and efficiently, so that justice and road safety in Tanjung Pinang can be achieved.  

This research investigates the intricate landscape of financial challenges and opportunities in the maritime industry through the lens of expert perspectives in economics, management, and maritime operations. Drawing on qualitative insights from industry leaders and scholars, the study analyses key economic indicators such as GDP growth rates, inflation, interest rates, and trade balances, highlighting their profound impact on global shipping dynamics. The findings reveal pervasive challenges including economic volatility, regulatory compliance burdens, and sustainability pressures, which necessitate strategic responses for financial resilience and operational sustainability. Strategic recommendations are delineated to address these challenges effectively, advocating for enhanced risk management strategies, investment in technological innovation, adoption of sustainable practices, collaborative industry partnerships, and capacity building in talent development. These insights are crucial for maritime stakeholders aiming to navigate economic uncertainties and regulatory complexities while advancing towards sustainable growth and competitiveness in the global maritime economy.

Qur'anic interpretation is an attempt to understand and explain the meanings contained in God's revelation. In this study, the author discusses the application of two main methods in interpreting the Qur'an, namely the mutlaq method and the muqayyad method. The mutlaq method refers to a more general interpretation that is not bound by a specific context, while the muqayyad method leads to an interpretation that depends on the specific context of a particular verse or situation. This study aims to explain the characteristics of the two methods and how they complement each other in understanding the Qur'anic text as a whole. With this approach, it is hoped that readers can gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of Qur'anic interpretation in a broader context.

This study explores the significant role of digital trust and transparency in fostering customer loyalty in online banking services. As the financial sector increasingly shifts towards digital platforms, understanding the dynamics of customer retention becomes crucial for banking institutions. The research adopts a quantitative approach, using a survey questionnaire distributed to over 200 participants with experience in digital banking services. The findings reveal that both digital trust and transparency are pivotal in shaping customer loyalty. Specifically, digital transparency-in areas such as data security, privacy, and operational clarity-was found to have a stronger correlation with customer retention than trust alone. The study emphasizes that transparency not only boosts customer confidence but also strengthens long-term loyalty by reducing perceived risks and uncertainties. Additionally, the research highlights that customer engagement, driven by transparent communication and reliable services, plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between transparency and loyalty. The study further discusses the implications for banking institutions, suggesting that focusing on transparent practices, clear communication about security measures, and data usage can lead to enhanced customer satisfaction and long-term retention. Future research could investigate the impact of cultural differences on digital trust and transparency in banking, as well as explore the role of emerging technologies like blockchain in furthering transparency and trust in financial transactions.

The evolution of global virtual firms in the post-pandemic era has transformed the dynamics of leadership, collaboration, and team performance. This study investigates the influence of digital leadership styles-particularly transformational, transactional, and adaptive-on the effectiveness of collaboration among remote teams operating in multinational virtual environments. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, data were collected from managers and team leaders of multinational corporations who lead geographically dispersed teams. Quantitative findings reveal that adaptive and transformational digital leadership styles significantly enhance communication, coordination, trust, and motivation within remote teams, while transactional leadership proves less effective in sustaining engagement across time zones and cultural boundaries. Qualitative insights highlight that flexibility, empathy, and digital literacy are central to building trust and cohesion in diverse virtual settings. Moreover, the use of advanced collaboration tools such as Slack, Microsoft Teams, and Zoom amplifies leadership effectiveness when aligned with inclusive communication practices. The study underscores that successful digital leadership depends on balancing human-centered empathy with technological competence to foster team cohesion and innovation. Managerial implications emphasize the need to develop leaders’ digital competencies and cross-cultural communication skills, along with fostering adaptive strategies to sustain engagement in virtual work environments. Future research should explore the longitudinal effects of digital leadership development programs across industries to assess their sustained impact on productivity, innovation, and organizational resilience in digital ecosystems.

PT Genta Trikarya is a company that manufactures guitars with international standards. Currently, the company requires an appropriate alternative strategy to increase its export volume. In the competitive export landscape, the company must be able to adapt to the dynamics of the global market. Marketing strategy is a key element in exports that can help the company create new revenue streams and reach new consumers in the global market. The purpose of this study is to design a more effective marketing strategy to assist PT Genta Trikarya in increasing the export volume of its products. This research employs qualitative approach, using internal and external factor analysis through SWOT analysis and marketing mix strategy. The results of the SWOT analysis indicate that leveraging strengths and opportunities is the appropriate strategy. Furthermore, in the marketing mix analysis, strategies are determined based on product, price, place, and promotion suitable for the company

Empal Gentong Bu Dharma Jalan Diponogoro is not just a dish, but is also a symbol of Cirebon's culinary tradition which is rich in spices and distinctive flavors. Its presence not only satisfies the taste buds, but also carries a valuable cultural heritage from generation to generation. However, behind the reputation that has been built, new challenges have emerged amidst the ever-changing dynamics of the culinary industry. This research aims to investigate the strategies and efforts that can be carried out by Empal Gentong Bu Dharma Jalan Diponogoro in increasing the attractiveness of Cirebon City culinary tourism through improving the quality of its services and products. An in-depth case study at Empal Gentong Bu Dharma Jalan Diponogoro will provide a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by culinary entrepreneurs in Cirebon City. The research method used in this research is a combination method or mixed methods, this method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.

This study aims to analyze the monetary indicator variables on the stability of goods and services prices before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data used are secondary data obtained from the publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The analytical method employed is the Error Correction Model (ECM) to examine the short-term and long-term relationships between monetary variables (money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation) and price stability. The results indicate that before the Covid-19 pandemic, the variables of money supply and exchange rate had a significant effect on price stability, while the interest rate had no significant effect. Meanwhile, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the interest rate and inflation significantly affected price stability, whereas the money supply and exchange rate were not significant. These findings suggest that monetary dynamics before and during the Covid-19 pandemic differed in their influence on the stability of goods and services prices.

Financial management as an integral part of general management has a crucial role in the survival and growth of a company. In a constantly changing business environment with complex market dynamics, the application of financial management functions is becoming increasingly crucial in determining the direction and financial performance of the company. In this study, the approach used is a qualitative approach, which is a research process and understanding based on methodologies that investigate social phenomena and human problems. This research has a characteristic that lies in its purpose, namely describing, studying and explaining the phenomenon to be studied. Which contains the results of research on CV. Canbe Kosmetik Indonesia, the application of the financial management function is running well as the SOP set by the company. By applying the functions of financial management itself in the form of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and supervising.

The hermeneutic approach plays an important role in the analysis of literary texts by providing in-depth insight into the interpretation of meaning, cultural context and social dynamics contained in literary works. This research aims to identify and analyze the meaning contained in modern Indonesian literary texts through a hermeneutic approach, as well as exploring the application of the results of this analysis in Madrasah Aliyah Al Amiriyyah Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. Data was collected through analysis of modern Indonesian literary texts selected purposively. The analysis process involves stages of text interpretation, identification of main themes, and interpretation of meaning in cultural and social contexts. Research findings show that modern Indonesian literary texts contain various complex themes that reflect Indonesian social, cultural and political realities. In conclusion, hermeneutic studies of modern Indonesian literary texts help students understand the meaning of texts more deeply, as well as improve their critical and reflective skills in analyzing literary works.

The hermeneutic approach plays an important role in the analysis of literary texts by providing in-depth insight into the interpretation of meaning, cultural context and social dynamics contained in literary works. This research aims to identify and analyze the meaning contained in modern Indonesian literary texts through a hermeneutic approach, as well as exploring the application of the results of this analysis in Madrasah Aliyah Al Amiriyyah Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. Data was collected through analysis of modern Indonesian literary texts selected purposively. The analysis process involves stages of text interpretation, identification of main themes, and interpretation of meaning in cultural and social contexts. Research findings show that modern Indonesian literary texts contain various complex themes that reflect Indonesian social, cultural and political realities. In conclusion, hermeneutic studies of modern Indonesian literary texts help students understand the meaning of texts more deeply, as well as improve their critical and reflective skills in analyzing literary works.

This study explores the dynamics of Islam in Brunei Darussalam, a country with a majority Muslim population that is rich in Islamic history and traditions. The main focus is on the evolution of the Islamic religion from the past to the present, as well as its impact on the social, political and economic life of Bruneian society. Various factors influencing the practice and understanding of Islam in the country are also discussed, including the role of government in managing religious affairs. This research uses a descriptive analytical approach by analyzing relevant literature and secondary sources to provide a comprehensive picture of how Islam plays a role in shaping national identity and regulating daily life in Brunei Darussalam.