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Feni Verawati; Nisa Nurmaulida Tsani; Siska Gandari; Achmad Syauky; Azmi Muhammad Dahlan +2 more

This research aims to investigate whether code-mixing poses a threat to the Indonesian language as the national identity and the efforts that can be done as a prevention of identity crisis. It is because society is beginning to forget its national language. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research data were obtained from the general public who mix languages in their daily communication. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents through Google Forms. The data obtained will then go through several stages, including data tabulation, description, and analysis. From the results obtained from this study, approximately 68.3% of the respondents mix their local and foreign languages with the Indonesian language. This frequent code-mixing can pose a threat to national identity, as people tend to forget their language and feel proud when using foreign languages. However, it was also found that code-mixing positively impacts social and cultural aspects, as it can be used to communicate more effectively and as a means of learning new languages. Code-mixing can become a threat if the speaker consciously prefers to use a foreign language in a conversation.

Setyatama, Ike Putri; Siswati Siswati; Masturoh Masturoh

Sejahtera: Jurnal Inspirasi Mengabdi Untuk Negeri 2023 Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

One of the efforts to detect deviations in child development is by early detection, so that prevention, stimulation, healing and recovery efforts can be given correctly according to the indications. Detection for growth and development is an effort that needs to be supported, because it is one way to prepare quality future generations. Based on a preliminary survey conducted on mothers who had toddlers visiting Posyandu in Randusari village, it was found that mothers did not understand developmental stimulation in toddlers in order to detect early developmental delays.The prevalence of toddlers experiencing the greatest stunting at the beginning of 2022 in Tegal Regency is in Pagerbarang District (40%) exceeding the target set by the government which is no more than 20%. The technique of implementing community service is carried out by providing education on toddler development using KPSP.The results of the implementation of community service which was attended by 60 participants, namely education related to stimulation of development with KPSP, that most mothers of toddlers have understood the meaning of development, stages of development according to the age of their children, and stimulation of development that can be carried out by mothers and families. With the enthusiasm of the participants, local area stakeholders hope that similar activities can be carried out continuously in the working area of ​​the Pagerbarang Health Center. The output of the service also results in the publication of scientific articles related to the stimulation of growth and development of toddlers.

Ira Sandi Tunny

Jurnal Anestesi: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran, 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Corona virus is a large family virus that causes illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. Covid-19 is a new type of disease that has never been previously identified in humans, the virus that causes Covid-19 is called Sars-CoV-2. Corona viruses are zoonotic (transmitted between animals and humans). Until now there is no vaccine to prevent the corona virus, however, at least there are several ways that can be done to reduce this virus. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of the family in the prevention of COVID-19 in Batu Merah village RT 006 / RW 009 in 2020. The design of this study used a descriptive survey plan. The sampling technique used was proposive sampling. The variable in this study is a single variable. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 30 respondents. Of the 30 respondents studied, 17 respondents (56.7%) had good family roles, and 13 respondendents (43.3%) were not goot. The results of this study are that there is a major influence on the role of the family in handling Covid-19 in Batu Merah village RT 006 / RW 009 in 2020.

M Adi Pratama Putra; Alfinda Adelia Dirli

Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Pendidikan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Character education gets a lot of attention nowadays. Today, when there are many occurrences of deviant behavior, character education is needed to minimize the implementation of deviant acts. Character education is applied to instill character points in everyone, which leads to changes in behavior from bad to good. To optimally instill character values ​​in each person, character education is applied. must start earlier. Elementary school education plays an important role in character education in this regard. The success of character education is influenced by several factors, one of which is a conducive atmosphere in the classroom. Through a class atmosphere with character, students can create ways to always behave well. Creating a personalized learning space requires the role of the teacher. Because people spend a lot of time at school interacting with students, teachers certainly have many opportunities to instill student character points, this time by creating character learning spaces. Some things that teachers can do to build character are: 1) imitate character, 2) teach manners, teach character academics, train character-based discipline, 5) teach manners, prevention. violations of peers and the priority of goodness, 6) directing children to be responsible for forming their own character.

Dini, Ratu; Juleha, Siti Juleha; Rahman, Fauzan Habibi Rahman

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

A disaster becomes an extraordinary event that disrupts and threatens life and livelihoods caused by nature and humans, or both. The existence of natural disasters can have both small and large impacts on the environment. The thing that can be done to reduce the consequences of disasters is that synergy from various parties is needed, one of which is the involvement of nurses. Nurses have a huge role to play in preparing and handling communities in the face of disasters.  As health workers, nurses are at the forefront of disaster management so that they can anticipate the prevention of disasters and their impacts (Doondori, A. K., & Paschalia, Y. P. 2021). Cianjur Regency is one of the areas that experienced the impact of natural disasters, namely earthquakes.  The earthquake occurred on November 21, 2022 at 13:21:10 WIB with a magnitude of 5.6 in the Cianjur area, West Java. The earthquake caused a lot of infrastructure damage and casualties. This has a great influence on the condition of the community, one of which is in terms of health biopsychosocially and spiritually. Based on the phenomenon that occurs along with the existence of the role of the nurse as a healthcare provider. Universitas Esa Unggul sent a team of health volunteers to carry out several activities for the community such as, providing comprehensive nursing services, becoming collaborators, conducting education and trauma healing. This action is considered sufficient to help patients who have health problems both who come to the post and who are in refugee tents. They feel happy because of the existence of health service facilities so that the public can consult, get education and also trauma healing.

Lili Suryani; Muhalida Zia Ibhar; Jesika Puteri; Said Mustafa; Hanafi Hanafi

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

The program "Realizing a Superior Generation: Collective Action to Combat Stunting in Dumai City"is a collaborative initiative aimed at addressing the problem of stunting in Dumai City, particularly in Laksamana Subdistrict. Stunting, which refers to impaired child growth, has serious long-term impacts on children's quality of life and development. This program adopts an educational approach through counseling, training, and simulations to increase public awareness and knowledge about stunting. By actively involving local government, non-profit organizations, volunteers, and the community, the program seeks to create an environment that supports positive change. Through dynamic social interactions during program activities, participants are expected to engage actively in the learning process and develop a shared commitment to combating stunting. By equipping the participants with practical knowledge and fostering a sense of shared commitment, the program lays the groundwork for long-term improvements in child health and well-being. In conclusion, this program represents not only a step toward effective stunting prevention but also a collective determination to build a superior generation and a brighter future for the children of Dumai City.

Ainnur Rahmanti; Novita Wulan S; Anisa Mutiara Hanani; Auliya Rahma Putri; Ni Kadek Krisna Dwi Patrisia +2 more

Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

The Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS) is a program launched by the Ministry of Health to reduce the main risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially through nutritional interventions in the first 1000 days of life, improving balanced nutritional consumption patterns for the whole family, increasing regular and measurable physical activity. , improve healthy lifestyles, improve a healthy environment and reduce cigarette and alcohol consumption. Interview data showed that the majority of people, 48%, rarely had their health checked as early as possible, residents would go to the nearest health center if signs and symptoms of illness began to appear. Integrated counseling on prevention of emergency non-communicable diseases, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, is carried out in one day, residents are gathered in the Mijen Village hall. The activity begins with simultaneous fitness exercises, then continues with a health check. The health checks carried out include anthropometric measurements in the form of height, weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure measurements and random blood sugar measurements. Of the 50 residents who took part in the implementation of integrated counseling on the prevention of non-communicable disease emergencies. Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, as many as 24% of residents (12 people) just found out that they suffer from pre-diabetes mellitus, 16% (8 people) already know that they suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus, as many as 6% (3 people) have a stomach circumference of more than 100 cm, 54% (27 people) were in good health. Residents were quite enthusiastic about the activities carried out. The data obtained in the integrated counseling activity for preventing emergency non-communicable diseases, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was submitted to the Mijen Community Health Center as a recap of data on the health status of the target area. The data obtained will be followed up by motivating residents to have their health checked at the Mijen Health Center.

Wijayanti Wijayanti; Retno Dewi Noviyanti; Dodik Luthfianto

Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPPMI) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yappi Makassar

Non-communicable diseases (PTM) are diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person, whose development progresses slowly over a long period of time (chronic). In the early stages, PTM is often asymptomatic, many do not know and are aware that they have PTM, thus making public awareness for self-examination/early detection lacking. Posbindu PTM activities to increase community participation in prevention and early detection of PTM risk factors through training of Posbindu health cadres including general health assessments, nutritional assessments and provision of additional food made from local ingredients. Health cadres are the spearhead of Posyandu implementation. The existence of health cadres plays a major role in the implementation of Posyandu so that it is necessary to increase the knowledge and skills of health cadres to support the implementation of Posbindu PTM. The purpose of this community service is the transformation of knowledge and skills regarding Posbindu management for the detection of NCDs through health checks and examinations of nutritional status and the provision of additional meals. The community service method is Posbindu cadre training in the form of knowledge and skills transformation on Posbindu management for PTM detection and provision of additional meals. The target is the health cadres of Posbindu Salak, Songgorunggi Hamlet, RT.01 RW.06, Dagen Village, Jaten District, Karanganyar Regency, totaling 15 personnel, held on December 28, 2022. The results of the activity showed that there was an increase in the knowledge of the training participants by 100%, namely the pretest results where the lowest score was 40 and the highest score was 80 and the average pretest score was 58.85, while the posttest score was the lowest score 80 and the highest score was 100 and the average the average posttest value is 91.92 so that the lowest increase is 15 and the highest increase is 55 and the average increase is 33.

Haris Munandar; Erga Kurniawati; Thayban Thayban; Ryan Humardani Syam Pratomo

Jurnal Pelayanan Hubungan Masyarakat 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Community service activities on bullying prevention and handling aim to increase awareness, understanding, and countermeasures against bullying in schools. Service activities are carried out through identification of needs, material development, implementation of counseling, and evaluation. Teachers are given training on bullying handling, effective communication strategies, conflict management, social skills development, and mental strengthening. They are also given an understanding of human rights, tolerance, empathy, and the importance of building healthy relationships in schools. The results of the service activities show an increase in teachers' awareness and understanding of bullying and the development of a safe and inclusive school environment. The collaboration of all relevant parties in dealing with bullying can create positive change, reduce bullying rates, and create a better environment for students in their learning and development process.

Setyaningsih, Agus; Zulliati, Zulliati; Hidayah, Nurul

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

One of the causes of MMR and AKB in Indonesia mostly occurs due to hypertension (25%). Prevention of preeclampsia is by screening pre-eclampsia in pregnant women at >20 weeks gestation. The role of cadres is very important in helping midwives to detect high-risk pregnant women. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of health education on the use of pre-eclampsia screening on cadre skills in detecting high-risk pregnant women in posyandu working areas of Tanta Health Center. This research method includes experimental research using pre-experimental designs type Pretes-Posttest Design. The population is posyandu cadres for pregnant women and toddlers in the Tanta Health Center work area as many as 80 people with sampling techniques with Quota Sampling as many as 40 respondents. The data analysis technique uses the Wilcoxon signed Rank test. The results showed that there was a difference between cadres' skills in detecting high-risk pregnant women before and after health education about the use of pre-eclampsia screening.

Vegita D. Imran; Pipin Yunus; Haslinda Damansyah

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

A disaster is an event caused by nature and humans. Disaster can result in victims of human suffering, loss of property, environmental damage, damage to facilities and, infrastructure, public facilities, and disruption of the life and livelihood of the community. The purpose of research was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the community about the prevention of post-flood disease in Datahu village, Tibawa sub-district. This research method uses the descriptive quantitative method. The sample of this research is 76 people using an accidental sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that public knowledge of 76 respondents there are 65 respondents with good knowledge and 11 respondents with less knowledge and public attitudes. Of 76 respondents there are 70 respondents have good attitudes, and 6 have poor attitudes. The research concluded that the description of the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community about post-flood disease prevention in Datahu village, Tibawa sub-district was in the excellent category.

Sama Sama

Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The democratic party in the State of Indonesia is realized through the General Election mechanism, which is carried out at various levels from the village to the district. Democracy is often interpreted as the people, by the people, and for the people, or more clearly, the term democracy is the overall highest power in the hands of the people. This type of research is a descriptive research and qualitative research approach. This research was conducted in Kalianget District, Sumenep Regency. There are three strategies for preventing crime violations, the first is Primary Crime Prevention, the second is Secondary Crime Prevention, and the third is Tertiary Crime Prevention. Of the three concepts, the Primary Prevention Strategy is more effective in conducting political socialization. This strategy aims to increase public awareness and knowledge through political socialization so that money politics in society does not occur during the General Election process in Kalianget District.

Adi Nur Sholeh, S.H

Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Currently, Covid-19 is a major problem that is being faced by almost the entire world, including Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has multi-sectoral impacts from various aspects, namely health, education, social and economy, including what happened in Blora Regency. Synergy with various parties such as Babinsa, village midwives, village heads and village officials is needed to support health protocols, besides the active role of the National Police in this case Bhabinkamtibmas (Bhayangkara builder of security and public order) is very important in efforts to control the spread, minimize prevention and provide education as well as information to the public regarding Covid-19 in order to create a conducive security and social order situation. The empowerment of the Blora Police bhabinkamtibmas in the target villages or sub-districts has been going well considering the condition of the Covid-19 pandemic in Blora Regency is increasing every day but is not matched by public awareness to comply with the health protocols applied.

Wahyu Agustin; Mariyani Mariyani

International Journal of Medicine and Health 2023 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Background:Breast Milk is a perfect nutrient intended for babies with complete ingredients for baby intake and has antibodies against disease prevention. Even though breastfeeding has many benefits, it turns out that the achievements of exclusive breastfeeding are still lacking. Failure to give exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by many factors, one of which is knowledge. The knowledge possessed by the mother will greatly influence the success and failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Many mothers do not know that one day the baby will experience a phase of accelerated growth from normal conditions which is called a growth spurt. At this time a mother will be worried and think that her breast milk is lacking, so she finally gives formula milk or early solids so that her baby is calm. Writing purpose:The effect of the level of knowledge of a mother who has a baby aged 6-11 months regarding growth spurt on the provision of early complementary food (MPASI) at the Warunggunung Health Center, Lebak Regency, is known in 2022. Research methods:Research method analytic observational case control design. The study sample consisted of 74 mothers with babies aged 6-11 months who were divided into a case group (mothers with babies who were given early solids) and a control group (mothers with babies who were not given early solids) with a ratio of 1:1. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Bivariate analysis via Chi-Square test. Research result:In the case group (babies who were given early solids) the majority or as many as 87.5% of mothers had a low level of knowledge, while in the control group (babies who were not given early solids) the majority or 78.6% of mothers had a good level of knowledge. Mothers with a good level of knowledge, only 21.4% of mothers gave Early Solids to their babies and 78.6% of mothers did not give Early Solids. Whereas in mothers with a low level of knowledge, as many as 87.5% gave Early Solids and only 12.5% ​​did not give Early Solids to their babies. There is an influence on the level of knowledge of mothers with babies aged 6-11 months about growth spurts on early complementary feeding (p value = 0.000).

Flavianus Riantiarno; Israil Yuan Umbu Wanda; Serli Kause; Maria Intania Vanesa Asury; Obed Buni Pona +3 more

Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 FKIP, Universitas Palangka Raya

Mental health problems are a matter of concern. Mental health problems in adolescents is one of them. Teenagers must be mentally healthy. In recent years, adolescent mental health has become a growing concern. There is an increasing prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents. One of the prevention efforts is prevention by educating adolescents about mental health. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of high school youth (SMA) about mental health. This activity was carried out by lecturers and students of STIKes Maranatha Kupang. Schools that become partners are schools that are willing to provide health education to their students. This activity was carried out in four senior high schools (SMA) in Kupang City. The results show that there is a good increase in students' knowledge about mental health. It is hoped that with this activity, youth will know about mental health and be able to prevent students from experiencing mental health problems

Alfredo, Milleano Jody; Sulistyo, Wiwin

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2023 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Keamanan jaringan menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting, terutama untuk sebuah organisasi yang menerapkan teknologi dan sistem informasi di dalamnya. Fakultas Seperti halnya yang terjadi di Fakultas Teknologi Informasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (FTI UKSW). Saat ini FTI UKSW menggunakan topologi jaringan dengan perangkat MikroTik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perancangan desain topologi berbasis Hierarchical Network Design dan dirancang dengan menggunakan pfSense Router Firewall. Perancangan sistem difokuskan untuk bagian traffic antara Distribution Layer dan Access Layer. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk mengamankan traffic jaringan dan memberikan proteksi secara langsung melalui Web Service pfSense. Di dalam pfSense Router Firewall, terdapat tools yaitu Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Snort yang berfungsi untuk membantu dalam memberikan action dan blocking jika terjadi ancaman pada jaringan. Dengan desain topologi yang diusulkan tersebut diharapkan dapat menghasilkan peningkatan keamanan jaringan komputer di FTI UKSW.

Prastyo, Erwin; Lengkana, Dewi; Setiadi, Heri

Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan 2023 Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Students' lack of a disaster response mindset is both a problem and a challenge that must be addressed in science education. Based on the MIKiR approach, which is linked with natural disaster prevention, the goal of this study is to define the features of science Subject-Specific Pedagogy. This study involves both research and development (R&D). The research procedure follows the Borg & Gall development model, which involves five main steps: (1) analyzing the product to be developed; (2) developing the initial product; (3) expert validation and revision; (4) small-scale field testing and revisions; and (5) large-scale field testing and final products. A validation sheet with a Likert scale in the form of a checklist serves as the research instrument. According to the study's findings, the quality of the developed Subject-Specific Pedagogy is listed in the good category, with an optimum proportion of 84.33 percent. The findings of the study on product quality could be used as one of the science learning aids in SMP/MTs class IX semester 2.

Siti Aisah; Rahayu Khairiah

International Journal of Medicine and Health 2023 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Background: According to WHO data, in Southeast Asia in 2015 the HIV rate reached 5.1 million patients with 77,000 pregnant women living with HIV, and 19,000 new cases of pediatric HIV infection have been found. This is a number that can be considered fantastic compared to other regions. Meanwhile for syphilis, the incidence rate has shown an increase of 0.32% in the Southeast Asian region. The number of patients shows up to 167,000 cases of syphilis in pregnant women. It had a disastrous impact by producing 65,800 adverse outcomes including early fetal death. For Hepatitis B, Southeast Asia bears 15% of the total number of Hepatitis B patients worldwide with a total of 39 million people. Prevention activities have been carried out by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia by holding a program called Triple Elimination in accordance with WHO recommendations (2017). The activity was in the form of carrying out tests for HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphilis (triple Elimination) during Antenatal Care (ANC) for Pregnant. Research Objectives: to find out the factors that influence the triple elimination examination in pregnant women at the Sarageni Health Center, Lebak Regency in 2022. Research Methods: quantitative with cross sectional research design. The sample in this study was 65 pregnant women in the Sarageni Health Center area in November 2022 (Purposive Sampling). Data were collected using a questionnaire given to respondents then processed and analyzed univariate and bivariate and tested with the Chi Square test. The results of the study: the prevalence that affects the compliance of pregnant women Age p-value 0.006 <0.05 Education p-value 0.000 <0.05 Socio-economic p-value 1.000 >0.05 and Husband support p-value 0.000 <0.05.

Rohmayati Rohmayati; Nanik Yuliwati

International Journal of Medicine and Health 2023 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Background : Adolescents are indeed very vulnerable to promiscuity, this situation is very concerning, from this behavior unwanted pregnancy often occurs which has a negative impact on socio-economic health and others. Therefore, prevention efforts can be made as early as possible based on the knowledge and attitude and support from parents.One of the things that happens to young women is the many cases of unwanted pregnancies (KTD). Like at SMAN 1 Cimarga Rangkas Bitung Lebak Banten in 2022 there were 2 students who were pregnant out of wedlock, and lots of various deviant sexual behaviors. Writing purpose : Aims todetermine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and family support with efforts to prevent adverse events due to free sex in young women at SMAN 1 Cimarga Rangkas Bitung Lebak Banten in 2023. Research methods : This study used quantitative and analytic methods with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 72 young women was obtained using proportional random sampling. The data was obtained using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity, then the data was analyzed using a frequency distribution and chi square test. Research result : The knowledge of female adolescents is mostly good (56.9%), positive attitude (58.3%), family support including support (59.7%) and prevention of adverse events in young women due to free sex (66.7%). There is a relationship between knowledge and efforts to prevent adverse events due to free sexual intercourse in young women (p value 0.000), there is a relationship between attitudes and efforts to prevent unwanted pregnancy due to free sexual intercourse in young women (p value 0.000) and there is a relationship between family support and efforts to prevent unwanted pregnancy due to free sex in young women (p value 0.000). Conclusions and recommendations : Knowledge, attitude, family support related toefforts to prevent adverse events due to free sex in young women. Therefore, adolescents can increase knowledge and increase positive attitudes and do better pregnancy prevention.

Silvia Nurvita; Siti Noor Chotimah; Viny Natalia Dewi; Ratih Kumala Dewi

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Sains dan Teknologi 2022 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Cenderawasih

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that is sweeping the world. Patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia have continued to increase since 2020. Prevention to break the transmission of COVID-19 includes carrying out complete vaccinations and applying clean and healthy living habits to each individual. After the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to carry out outreach activities to the community regarding clean and healthy living behaviors to stop the transmission of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Method: community service uses a descriptive method, to describe ongoing socialization activities for clean and healthy living behavior after COVID-19. This activity was held on September 28 2022 in the Bugangan. Results: The socialization of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in Bugangan was attended by the village head with a total of 19 participants consisting of RT/RW heads/deputies, health cadres. Participants had distributed leaflets PHBS before socialization. Evaluation of community service activities to assess participants' understanding in the form of asking questions. The presenter gave 3 questions related to PHBS to the participants present. The conclusion is that the community service activities are going well and can add to participants' understanding of PHBS in the family, especially the understanding of PHBS after COVID-19.