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Poverty is a multidimensional issue that not only involves economic limitations but also reflects violations of fundamental human rights such as the right to food, health, education, decent employment, and socio-political participation. This study aims to analyze the legal innovations implemented by the Tegal Regency Government in formulating poverty alleviation policies based on budget efficiency. Using an empirical and philosophical approach, this research views law not only as an ideal set of norms but also as a dynamic social phenomenon within society. The findings reveal that legal innovation is manifested through the strengthening of juridical aspects in regional policies, the integration and synergy of four flagship poverty alleviation programs, and the implementation of the initiative “One Regional Apparatus, One Assisted Village,” which involves all elements of local government. In addition, active community participation and the utilization of corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds from regional and state-owned enterprises serve as crucial supporting factors in enhancing the sustainability and effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs in Tegal Regency.

The implementation of educational policies in schools plays a pivotal role in improving the quality of teaching and learning processes. The success of these policies is determined by the readiness of educational institutions, the professional competence of teachers, and the active involvement of various supporting stakeholders. Each of these elements significantly contributes to the effectiveness of learning outcomes in the classroom. However, policy implementation often faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of comprehensive teacher training, and a mismatch between national policies and the specific needs of local educational contexts. In this regard, schools must be able to adapt policy frameworks to suit their unique environments, ensuring that the goals of the policy are effectively aligned with students’ learning needs. Teachers play a central role as key implementers who are not only required to understand the substance of educational policies but also to apply them creatively and contextually in their classrooms. Their ability to interpret and operationalize these policies directly affects the quality of educational delivery. Furthermore, continuous evaluation is essential to measure the extent to which policies have been effectively implemented. This evaluation process serves not only as a feedback mechanism but also as a basis for future policy adjustments and improvements. It enables stakeholders to identify gaps, assess outcomes, and refine strategies to ensure sustainable educational development. In conclusion, effective policy implementation requires a holistic approach that involves institutional preparedness, teacher capability, stakeholder support, contextual adaptation, and ongoing evaluation. Without these elements working in synergy, even well-formulated policies may fall short in achieving their intended impact on educational quality and student success.

Public information disclosure is a manifestation of open and accountable government which is the basis for publik information requests. Everyone has the right to obtain public information through the mechanism of requesting information from public bodies. The problem that arises is that some information requessts are not made in good faith thereby failing to reflect the purpose of public information disclosure as a means of monitoring government performance. To adress this issue there is a mechanism to terminate the resolution of such information disputes in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of terminating informastion disputes that are not conducted in good faith and the obstacles in its implementation. The results of the study indicate that the termination of informastion disputes that are not conducted in good faith is not yet effective due to factors that influence the effectiveness of the law in society not being fulfilled including legal factors, societal factors, and cultural factors. The obstacles faced in the implementation of the termination of public information disputes that are not conducted in good faith include legal enforcement mechanism, public information management, and understanding of public information transparency. The effectiveness of a law is determined by the overall elements supporting its enforcement so it is hoped that the implementation of the termination of publik information disputes does not violate human rights and citizens’ rights.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis are at risk of experiencing intradialytic complications, one of which is hypertension. Management of hypertension in hemodialysis units is generally pharmacological, although non-pharmacological interventions may serve as an effective, simple, and safe complementary option. One such technique is Benson relaxation, which combines controlled deep breathing with spiritual elements to reduce sympathetic activity and promote relaxation. This case study to determine the effect of Benson relaxation therapy on blood pressure of intradialytic hypertension patients at RSUD Batang. The case study design was a case study involving 5 CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. The intervention was performed by guiding patients to practice Benson relaxation for about 10–15 minutes, with blood pressure measured before and after the intervention using a digital sphygmomanometer. The results showed a decrease in blood pressure in most respondents. The average systolic blood pressure decreased from 153.4 mmHg to 145.6 mmHg, while diastolic pressure decreased from 92.4 mmHg to 87.6 mmHg. In addition to physiological improvement, patients also reported subjective relief such as reduced dizziness, palpitations, and tension. In conclusion, Benson relaxation therapy proved effective in reducing blood pressure among intradialytic hypertension patients. This intervention can be recommended as a complementary non-pharmacological therapy in nursing care to improve comfort in hemodialysis patients.  

Leadership and organizational structure in Islamic education are two interrelated elements that shape the direction, vision, and sustainability of educational institutions founded upon divine values. The background of this study stems from the phenomenon of weak leadership systems and organizational governance in several Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, characterized by low managerial competence and the lack of integration of spiritual values in leadership practices. This condition hampers institutional effectiveness in achieving the expected quality of education. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of leadership as a pillar of spiritual and managerial transformation and to describe the organizational system of Islamic education as a collaborative and value-based system. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, analyzing various academic sources, Islamic leadership theories, and previous research findings. The results indicate that Islamic educational leadership grounded in the values of amanah (trustworthiness), syura (consultation), and ukhuwah (brotherhood) plays a crucial role in building a productive and ethical organizational culture. Furthermore, an organization based on collaboration, justice, and open communication strengthens institutional effectiveness and enhances the participation of all educational components. The synergy between spiritual leadership and a value-driven organizational system produces Islamic educational institutions that are excellent, adaptive, and oriented toward nurturing individuals who are both faithful and knowledgeable.

This study discusses legal protection for victims of human trafficking disguised as job vacancies in Myanmar, which has affected hundreds of Indonesian citizens. This phenomenon shows a new mode of digital-based human trafficking through social media, offering fictitious high-paying jobs that ultimately lead to forced labor in the online scamming sector. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative and conceptual approach, which examines Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Human Trafficking, Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, the 2000 Palermo Protocol, and a number of International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions related to forced labor and labor migration. The results of the study show that this case fulfills the elements of human trafficking as stipulated in Article 2 paragraph (1) of the TPPO Law, because there are elements of recruitment, fraud, confinement, and forced labor exploitation. From an international law perspective, these actions violate the provisions of the Palermo Protocol and the ILO convention on the elimination of forced labor. The Indonesian government has a legal and moral responsibility to provide protection and recovery for victims of TPPO, as well as to ensure the principle of non-criminalization. However, the implementation of protection is still hampered by weak supervision of digital recruitment, jurisdictional limitations, and suboptimal cross-border cooperation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the digital-based migrant protection system, enhance bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and apply the principle of state due diligence in the prevention and enforcement of laws against cross-border TPPO.  

The richness of local legends, such as the legend of Giri Gajah from Gresik, faces the risk of being forgotten due to a lack of visual elements appealing to child audiences, especially those aged 8-10 years old. To revitalize this legend, a picture storybook was designed by creating character designs that could captivate children aged 8-10. This dynamic educational medium is the primary target. The focus of the design lies in the character design, making it the core visual element and narrative driver, which connects the oral tradition with the needs of contemporary media. The research method used is design thinking. The design results established four main characters, namely Pandu, Sunan Giri, Sunan Giri's Grandchild, and Gajah (Elephant), using a Semi-Realistic Cartoonist illustration style. This style was chosen for its ability to bridge the reality of local culture with a cheerful visual appeal. This design successfully created an effective medium for the preservation of local culture and the improvement of children's interest in reading.

This article discusses the meaning of religious values ​​in the Pati Ka Du'a Bapu Ata Mata tradition of the Ende Lio community and how this tradition is understood from a Catholic perspective. This tradition is a form of respect for ancestors who are believed to continue to play a role in the lives of their descendants. The study aims to explain the religious meaning, ethical values, and the integration of local traditions with the Catholic faith through an inculturation process. Using qualitative methods through interviews, observations, and literature studies, this study found that the Pati Ka Du'a Bapu Ata Mata tradition contains values ​​of gratitude, solidarity, togetherness, and an awareness of human connection with nature, ancestors, and God. From a Catholic perspective, these values ​​align with teachings on respect for others and the communion of saints, although some elements of the tradition require theological refinement to conform to Catholic principles. These findings suggest that local traditions can serve as a means of deepening faith, strengthening cultural identity, and encouraging harmonious religious practices within the Ende Lio community.

The development of information technology has driven significant changes in contracting practices, including the emergence of electronic contracts as a form of agreement in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the legal basis, validity requirements, constituent elements, and legal status of electronic contracts under the Law of ITE, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019, and the general principles of agreement in the Civil Code. The research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative analytical approach through a literature review of legislation and relevant legal doctrine. The study’s findings indicate that electronic contracts fundamentally possess the same validity as conventional written contracts, provided they satisfy the validity requirements of Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the technical provisions set forth in the implementing regulations of the UU ITE. These provisions include the use of reliable electronic systems, adherence to the principles of prudence and good faith, and the provision of clear electronic information. Electronic contracts must also contain the essentialia, naturalia, and accidentalia elements as regulated in Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, and they are subject to additional rules applicable to electronic transactions under Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019. The implications of this study underscore the importance of raising electronic system security standards, providing legal education for participants in digital transactions, and strengthening regulations on digital proof and evidentiary rules so that electronic contracts can deliver optimal legal certainty.

This study examines the phenomenon of creator teachers on TikTok as a form of digital professionalism that represents the integration of ethical values, aesthetics, and educational philosophy. The focus of the research lies in how teachers negotiate moral responsibility and creative expression in the algorithmic culture of social media. The aim of this research is to analyze the philosophical meaning behind teachers' digital representations as well as interpret how moral and aesthetic values are reflected in their pedagogical practices. The method used is digital netnography with four stages: online observation, digital documentation, audience interaction analysis, and researcher reflection. A total of eight teacher accounts were analyzed with a total of 80 videos using a categorization of themes that focused on ethics, aesthetics, and professionalism. The results showed that 62.5% of the content was educational and featured learning innovations, while the other 37.5% contained elements of entertainment and social interaction. High audience interaction shows public appreciation for the creativity and integrity of teachers. Popularity is not solely generated by algorithms, but by the appreciation of moral values and pedagogical beauty in the actions of teachers. Based on the framework of arete and phronesis from Aristotle and the concept of aesthetic experience from Dewey (1934), this study concludes that the digital professionalism of teachers is a form of reflective praxis that combines ethical responsibility and creative expression. This research makes a theoretical contribution by integrating digital netnography and educational philosophy, and shows that teachers in the digital era play the role of moral and creative agents who maintain the dignity of their profession in the algorithmic space.

This study examines the Lom Plai tradition of the Dayak Wehea community from the perspective of Catholic inculturation theology. Although this tradition has been widely studied from an anthropological perspective, no research has specifically examined the meaning of its values, symbols, and rituals in the light of inculturation. Therefore, this study is important to see the possibility of dialogue between the Gospel and local culture. The purpose of this study is to understand how elements of Lom Plai culture can be interpreted and processed within the framework of inculturation theology and how the values ​​contained therein can enrich the pastoral life of the community. The study uses a literature review method with a qualitative-contextual theological approach through analysis of theological literature, Church documents, and ethnographic studies of the Dayak Wehea. The research findings indicate that the values ​​of harvest gratitude, respect for the land, community solidarity, and symbols such as rice and thanksgiving rituals are aligned with Christian spirituality and have the potential to be integrated into pastoral practice. The implications of this study emphasize the need for ongoing discernment so that the inculturation process runs authentically, enriches the community's faith, and maintains the cultural identity of the Wehea community.  

This research aims to examine the role of music in the construction process of the traditional Karo house, Siwaluh Jabu, in Lingga Cultural Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. In Karo culture, music is not merely a source of entertainment but serves as a symbolic and spiritual medium that reflects cultural values, social cohesion, and the community’s belief system. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnographic approach through field observation, in-depth interviews with traditional figures, musicians, and local residents, as well as documentation of rituals and architectural elements of the Siwaluh Jabu house. The findings reveal that music plays a significant role in each stage of construction, starting from the selection of suitable wood to the completion ritual known as Mengket. The Gendang Lima Sendalanen ensemble—particularly through the performance of Gendang Limapuluh Kurang Dua—functions as a medium connecting humans with ancestral spirits, legitimizing the spiritual presence within the house, and strengthening communal cooperation. Music serves not only to regulate the rhythm of collective work but also to ensure harmony between humans, nature, and the unseen forces that are believed to inhabit the house. Therefore, music is an essential element that maintains cultural continuity, reinforces identity, and supports the preservation of the Karo intangible heritage amidst ongoing modernization.

This community service activity aimed to enhance the self-confidence of early childhood learners through the Janger Dance Movement, used as an art- and culture-based learning medium. The program was implemented at TK Prawidya Dharma in Demulih Village, Bangli, involving children aged 5–6 years and their teachers. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using the Participatory Action Learning System (PALS) approach, which emphasizes active engagement, reflection, and participatory learning. The results showed a significant improvement in the children's self-confidence, evidenced by their increased willingness to perform in public, improved social interaction, and more expressive emotional behavior. Teachers also benefited from enhanced pedagogical competence, particularly in integrating cultural and artistic elements into meaningful classroom practices. The Janger Dance Movement proved to be an effective pedagogical strategy for fostering self-confidence, independence, and social development in early childhood education. This approach not only helped children build self-esteem but also encouraged them to engage in creative expression, while allowing teachers to gain valuable experience in incorporating cultural arts into their teaching practices.

This study examines the communication strategy of PT Nutrifood Indonesia through the L-Men Creator Crew (LCC) program as an implementation of the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) theory within the context of digital affiliate marketing. The research background stems from the shifting marketing landscape toward collaboration with content creators as a means to build authentic relationships and enhance brand awareness. The purpose of this study is to analyze how L-Men’s communication strategy is integrated across various IMC elements, including advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, personal selling, and digital marketing. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that L-Men successfully established an effective two-way communication system with its affiliate community through a community-based approach, personalized guidance, and consistent promotional support. The integration of messages across digital channels creates synergy that strengthens the brand image as an active, inspiring, and relevant brand for the younger generation. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of implementing IMC that focuses on long-term relationships and community collaboration in contemporary digital communication strategies.

This study aims to reveal and describe the dramatic structure of the Retna Paniti play as performed by Mariyanto, a puppeteer from Ngawonggo, Klaten. The research was conducted because the performance presents a distinctive dramatic form that differs from the conventional structure of the Surakarta-style pakeliran. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on the analysis of scene sequences and the interrelation among dramatic elements. Data were collected through literature review, observation of the 2018 performance recording, and in-depth interviews with informants familiar with Mariyanto’s puppetry style. The findings indicate that the dramatic structure of Retna Paniti in Mariyanto’s version follows a pattern close to Freytag’s Pyramid theory, yet adapted to the folk puppetry tradition of the Ngawonggo substyle. The performance opens with the battle scene between Gatotkaca and Baladewa, creating immediate tension, which contrasts with the Surakarta-style convention that typically begins with the jejer scene. The dramatic flow progresses from exposition to falling action and culminates in the achievement of harmony. The central theme emphasizes ethical values concerning harmony, loyalty, and self-control in social life, maintaining its relevance in contemporary society.

This study aims to analyze the practice of price determination in the buffet system without price labels at Café Santiniketan, Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, Campus 4 Banyuwangi, from the perspective of mashlahah mursalah and Islamic economic principles. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documentation. The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Café Santiniketan has implemented the principles of fairness, honesty, and transparency in its transaction system. Payments are made before consumption to avoid elements of uncertainty (gharar), while pricing is based on the types of food selected and mutual consent (al-ridha). The buffet system provides flexibility for consumers to choose menu portions according to their needs. This practice aligns with the concept of mashlahah mursalah because it provides benefits for public interest and supports the economic independence of the pesantren community. However, challenges arise regarding the inconsistency between price and portion size, which has led to criticism from some customers. This condition highlights the need to improve price clarity to ensure compliance with the principle of fairness in Islamic economics. Overall, the implementation of the buying and selling system at Café Santiniketan has demonstrated good sharia-based economic practices, yet requires ongoing evaluation and development to ensure trust and customer satisfaction.

Cash receipts represent one of the essential components for the hospitality industry. Hotels generate revenue primarily through room rentals, the use of available facilities, as well as the sale of food and beverages provided in their in-house restaurants. This study aims to understand how the internal control system is implemented in managing cash receipts and verifying invoices at Hotel XYZ. This research adopts a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. The descriptive analysis in this study involves presenting data in the form of verbal descriptions, images, or graphics. Based on the analysis using the COSO framework, the results indicate that elements such as the control environment and control activities have been implemented effectively and optimally. However, the analysis also reveals that the risk assessment component within the cash receipt process has not yet been fully optimized, indicating a need for additional training and improvement in that area.

This study aims to explore the relevance of Pupuh Kasmaran Mocoan in Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi to the culture of the Banyuwangi community through a literary anthropology approach. Pupuh Kasmaran Mocoan is part of the literary heritage of East Java and is preserved in Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi, reflecting the cultural values, traditions, and worldview of the local society. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using reading and data classification techniques based on cultural elements. Data were analyzed by identifying cultural aspects embedded in the text and examining their relevance to the social and cultural life of the Banyuwangi community. The findings reveal that Pupuh Kasmaran Mocoan is not merely a literary work but also a representation of the cultural complexity of Banyuwangi society. It contains various cultural values, including social norms, customs, beliefs, and moral teachings that continue to be relevant in contemporary community life. These findings demonstrate that traditional literary works can serve as important cultural documents for understanding local identity and preserving regional wisdom. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural elements reflected in Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi and emphasizes the significance of literary anthropology in interpreting traditional literature. Furthermore, the findings provide valuable insights for the preservation and development of regional literature while enriching the discourse on literary anthropology.

Cases of non-performance of contract. on the part of the aggrieved party bring the case to the criminal realm. The charge reported is the fraud article, even though the criminal offense has not been fulfilled. So that it has the potential to cause wrong criminalization, the main problem is the inaccurate use of the fraud article against defaults which are basically civil. The research method uses normative juridical with decision analysis and criminal and civil law studies related to non-performance of contract. and fraud. The results show that non-performance of contract. can only turn into a criminal offense of fraud if there are elements of intent, bad faith, use of deception, or falsification of agreements with the intention of benefiting oneself against the law. Therefore, law enforcement officials should be careful in distinguishing non-performance of contract. and fraud cases to avoid abuse of the law that harms the parties concerned. The hopes and solutions proposed are proportional law enforcement by paying attention to the element of malicious intent in determining criminal offenses, as well as legal education to the public so that they understand the difference between the civil and criminal domains in contractual disputes.

Qanun of Banda Aceh City Number 4 of 2022 emphasizes that the Tirta Daroy Regional Public Company of Drinking Water aims to provide fair and sustainable drinking water services. The legal relationship between the customer and the company is regulated through the Decree of the Board of Directors PEG Number. III/10/PDAM/2020. However, there are still many customers who are in default in the form of late payments that cause losses to the company and are contrary to Article 1243 of the Civil Code regarding the obligation of debtors to compensate for losses due to negligence. This study aims to analyze the default settings in the customer connection agreement at  the Tirta Taroy Regional Public Drinking Water Company  , identify the factors causing defaults, and explain the form of applying civil sanctions to customers who commit defaults. This study uses an empirical juridical method with qualitative descriptive analysis based on legal and field data. The results of the study show that the most dominant forms of default in customers of the Tirta Daroy Regional Drinking Water Public Company are late and arrears of payments, not paying at all and misuse of water connections. The main causative factors include economic conditions, administrative negligence, and intentional elements. Legally, this default causes financial losses and disrupts the sustainability of public services. Sanctions are applied in stages through notices, warnings, summonses, to fines, compensation, or disconnection. The Tirta Daroy Regional Public Company is advised to follow up on customer complaints, improve the billing system, adjust the sanction clause proportionately, and increase legal awareness through socialization.