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Communication within the family, especially between parents and children, is an important foundation for the development of a child's personality, emotions, and social skills. The purpose of this writing is to identify the types of parental communication styles, analyze the factors that influence them, examine their impact on child development, and provide practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of communication patterns within the family. The method used in writing this paper is a literature study. The discussion results show that there are three main types of parental communication styles: permissive, authoritarian, and democratic. The permissive style tends to give the child unlimited freedom, the authoritarian style emphasizes control and obedience, while the democratic style encourages openness and mutual respect. The choice of communication style is influenced by various factors such as educational background, culture, past experiences, and the socio-economic conditions of parents. Each communication style has a different impact on the emotional, social, and cognitive development of children. The democratic style is considered the most effective in optimally supporting child development. This article provides recommendations to parents to increase knowledge about dialogical-based parenting, practice assertive communication skills, give children space to express their opinions, and build a family culture that is open and mutually respectful.

In the digital era, teachers are required to be creative in integrating technology with learning to make the learning process more engaging and effective. This study explores how the Wordwall application can bridge the gap between Islamic Religious Education (PAI) material, which is rich in moral values, and Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK), which emphasizes the importance of physical health. This application provides interactive games that allow students to learn while playing, so that they not only understand religious teachings and physical skills but also experience a fun learning experience. Through various types of games such as puzzles and quizzes, students can more easily remember the lesson material and apply that knowledge in their daily lives. In addition, the use of Wordwall encourages active student participation in each learning session. This strengthens their engagement in the learning process and increases motivation to learn. The research findings show that Wordwall can transform the classroom atmosphere to be more lively, interactive, and collaborative, creating an environment that supports active and enjoyable learning for students.

This study aims to determine the implementation process of the talaqqi method in teaching tajwid in Islamic Religious Education subjects and the obstacles encountered in its implementation at SD Negeri 57 Buton. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The subjects of the study were Islamic Religious Education teachers and 23 fifth grade students. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques consisted of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the talaqqi method was carried out through several stages: the teacher first demonstrated the correct recitation of the Qur'an, students listened carefully, and then students imitated the recitation both collectively and individually. The talaqqi method helps teachers directly correct students' recitation mistakes, thereby improving students' tajwid skills. The obstacles found include differences in students' Qur'an reading abilities, limited learning time, and lack of practice at home. To overcome these obstacles, the teacher provided additional guidance and motivated students to practice reading the Qur'an more frequently.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent complications, and HbA1c is commonly utilized as an indicator of long-term blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Tilamuta Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using a total sampling method, involving 557 patients. Data were collected from laboratory records and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The findings indicated that the average HbA1c level was 7.39%, while the mean blood glucose level was 205.85 mg/dL. A significant and very strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and blood glucose levels (p=0.000; r=0.862). Furthermore, medication adherence showed a significant association with HbA1c status (p=0.000). These results underscore the role of HbA1c as a dependable marker for assessing glycemic control and highlight the importance of medication adherence in optimizing the management of type 2 diaType 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent complications, and HbA1c is commonly utilized as an indicator of long-term blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Tilamuta Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using a total sampling method, involving 557 patients. Data were collected from laboratory records and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The findings indicated that the average HbA1c level was 7.39%, while the mean blood glucose level was 205.85 mg/dL. A significant and very strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and blood glucose levels (p=0.000; r=0.862). Furthermore, medication adherence showed a significant association with HbA1c status (p=0.000). These results underscore the role of HbA1c as a dependable marker for assessing glycemic control and highlight the importance of medication adherence in optimizing the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.betes mellitus.  

The tourism sector is a source of income that utilizes a region's tourism potential, including natural tourism, cultural tourism, culinary tourism, health tourism, religious tourism, and various other types of tourism. Knowledge of each region's tourism potential is crucial for it to become a productive source of regional income. This paper will discuss the impact of the tourism sector on regional income, particularly in Bandung. This paper is expected to provide a different perspective and address public doubts about the potential of their respective regions. Therefore, Bandung will serve as an example of how to wisely utilize tourism potential and positively impact regional income. Keywords: tourism sector, sources of income, tourism potential, regional income  

Islamic education management in the contemporary era is no longer adequate if understood solely as an administrative activity, but must be built on a solid philosophical, ethical, and spiritual foundation. This article aims to analyze the concept of Islamic education management from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and examine the relevance of its implementation for contemporary Islamic education management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research type. Data were obtained from the primary works of both figures and various relevant secondary sources, then analyzed through a comparative-conceptual approach with qualitative content analysis techniques and hermeneutic reading. The results show that Al-Ghazali emphasizes the ethical-spiritual dimension of education through the integration of knowledge, charity, morals, and purification of the soul, while al-Attas emphasizes the epistemological-philosophical dimension through the concepts of ta'dib, adab, and the Islamic worldview. Both have a common ground in the view that Islamic education must be directed at the formation of knowledgeable, civilized, and moral human beings, and should not be reduced to a technical process with neutral value. In terms of implementation, this study synthesizes the thoughts of both figures relevant to strengthening education, leadership, curriculum and learning management, institutional culture formation, and holistic educational evaluation. Therefore, Islamic educational management is ideally built on a foundation of ethical-spiritual and epistemological-philosophical integration to ensure effective, valuable, and transcendental-oriented educational governance.

A Normocytic normochromic anemia is one of the most common types of anemia found in geriatric patients with chronic diseases or acute bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) may cause continuous blood loss resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. This case report discusses a 72-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital with complaints of black stools for four days prior to admission accompanied by epigastric pain, nausea, weakness, and pallor. The patient had a history of long-term use of analgesic and anti-gout medications due to chronic joint pain, which was suspected to be a risk factor for UGIB. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and tachycardia, while laboratory findings showed hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 23.3%, MCV of 82 fL, MCH of 29 pg, and uric acid level of 11.56 mg/dL, leading to the diagnosis of normocytic normochromic anemia caused by UGIB accompanied by gout arthritis. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy, proton pump inhibitors, antifibrinolytic agents, gastroprotective therapy, packed red cell transfusion, and other supportive treatments. During hospitalization, clinical improvement was observed, including cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced epigastric pain, and increased hemoglobin level to 8.6 g/dL. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in geriatric patients with anemia caused by UGIB and comorbid gout arthritis.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a problem that women often experience during menstruation, in the form of dull pain in the lower abdomen because the uterine muscles contract. This pain can appear before menstruation, during menstruation, or after menstruation is finished. Dysmenorrhea refers to pain or discomfort that occurs during menstruation and can interfere with daily work. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of abdominal stretching exercises and deep breathing relaxation techniques on the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls. Methods: This type of research is quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design with a purposive sampling technique, with a sample size of 80 female respondents from class X. The data collection tool used was an observation sheet with an NRS measuring instrument. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 23 with intergroup analysis using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis of the Wilcoxon test in the experimental group showed a p value of 0.000 where (p<0.05), then the Mann-Whitney test showed a p value of 0.000 where (p<0.05) so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means there is a significant influence and difference. Conclusion: This shows that there is an influence of Abdominal Stretching Exercise and Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques on the Level of Dysmenorrhea Pain in Young Women (Research Study Conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Kubutambahan).

This study aims to analyze the extent of the effect of honey bee pollen supplementation on increasing appetite and body weight in anemic children. The type of research used in this study is an experimental study with a pre- and post-test one-group design. The research sample consisted of 52 anemic fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school students. The average total food intake (Yellow Rice) showed a significant result (P=0.000), increasing from 241.40±94.334 g to 354.94±122.57 g after the final measurement of ad libitum appetite. The average body weight also showed a significant result (P=0.00), with a mean of 23.59±5.29 kg at pre-test and rising to 24.65±5.58 kg at post-test. The Z-Score calculation for weight-for-age based on the WHO NCHS reference showed a non-significant result: P=0.0180 (0.01±0.04) at pre-test and 0.03±0.08 at post-test. Based on the 24-hour recall analysis over two days, a significant result was obtained (P=0.000), with total energy intake of elementary school students increasing from an average of 1,594±420.17 kcal before intervention to 2,070.2±491.77 kcal after two months of intervention. After statistical testing (Paired T-Test), a P-value of 0.00 (<0.05) was obtained. It can be concluded that the administration of honey bee pollen for 8 weeks at a dose of 25 grams per day significantly increased appetite and body weight in anemic elementary school children.

Jamu is a traditional Indonesian herbal drink believed to have health benefits and has been preserved to this day. One type, turmeric and tamarind jamu, is known to effectively alleviate menstrual cramps naturally. The workshop on making turmeric and tamarind jamu at Wahidiyah High School in Kediri City on May 17, 2025, aimed to enhance students' knowledge and skills in preparing jamu hygienically. The activity was attended by 15 students from grades 10 and 11, using methods such as lectures, discussions, leaflets, and hands-on practice. Evaluation results showed an average increase in knowledge scores from 76.4% to 97.9%, particularly in terms of cleanliness and storage. This workshop not only educated students about the benefits of jamu but also fostered cultural awareness and entrepreneurial potential. The turmeric and tamarind herbal medicine education program at SMA Wahidiyah successfully improved students' knowledge and skills in preparing herbal medicine hygienically, with significant improvements in hygiene and storage aspects. In addition, this activity is expected to be the first step in introducing herbal medicine as a natural health product that has the potential to be developed further.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium that affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory mucosa, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a comorbidity that can worsen the course of leprosy. The female patient, Mrs. D, aged 55 years came to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital with the main complaint of red bumps accompanied by pain on the face, hands, chest, and back since 3 days ago and additional complaints such as fever, joint pain, and numbness and loss of feeling in the legs, weakness, frequent thirst, and frequent urination. Dermatologic status is obtained in the facial region in the form of erythema nodules with firm boundaries with numular size, multiple. Laboratory examination showed anemia and leukocytosis. The therapy given was MDT MB package, ferrous sulfate 1x325 mg and PRC transfusion 3 kolf. Complaints arose acutely after the patient resumed taking MDT (multidrug therapy) leprosy drugs which had previously been stopped for more than 3 months. Based on the time of onset of symptoms, history of leprosy treatment, and the manifestation of systemic inflammatory lesions with signs of neurotropism, it can be suspected that the patient is experiencing a type 2 leprosy reaction or Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL).

This research is based on the importance of implementing the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in shaping the character and religious understanding of students in madrasas who still face various challenges in practice. The aim of this research is to examine the implementation of the PAI curriculum which includes aspects of planning, implementation and evaluation of learning. The research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research through reviewing various relevant scientific literature. The research results show that the implementation of the PAI curriculum has been carried out, but has not run optimally, especially in the implementation of learning which is still conventional and evaluations which focus more on cognitive aspects. The research conclusions show that the success of curriculum implementation is influenced by teacher competency, innovation in learning, and the development of a more comprehensive evaluation system.

IIn the process of creating the feature video "Jejak Rasa: Akar dari Tanah Priangan," the author serves as the Director of Photography, responsible for managing the visual aspects to effectively and comprehensively convey the message. This is achieved through the application of various cinematographic techniques, such as careful selection of camera angles, types of shots, camera movements, and in-depth composition. The main goal of this feature video production is to showcase the cultural value of cassava as an essential part of the culinary identity of Tanah Priangan, while also highlighting its transformation from traditional food to modern culinary innovation with contemporary relevance and appeal. This work is expected to provide a more comprehensive visual representation of local food culture and raise public awareness about the importance of preserving culinary heritage as part of the nation's cultural wealth. The application of cinematographic techniques used not only strengthens the delivery of information but also effectively enhances the aesthetic quality of the work as a visual communication medium that can impact the audience emotionally and intellectually.

This study examines the use of modality in Instagram posts to express interpersonal meaning and self-positioning in the context of digital personal branding. Based on Palmer’s (2001) theory, this study aims to identify the types of modality and their functions in conveying speakers’ attitudes, beliefs, obligations, and abilities. The data consist of 30 modal expressions analyzed using a qualitative semantic–pragmatic approach. The analysis reveals three types of modality: deontic, epistemic, and dynamic, with deontic modality as the most dominant (11 data/36.67%), followed by epistemic (10 data/33.33%) and dynamic (9 data/30%). Deontic modality is used to express obligation and social norms, for example through the use of harus and tidak boleh; epistemic modality expresses belief and degrees of certainty, such as mungkin and pasti; while dynamic modality indicates ability and intention, such as ingin and mau. These findings demonstrate that modality plays an important role in constructing interpersonal meaning and speaker positioning in digital discourse, particularly on Instagram.

The circulation of illegal cigarettes in Kudus Regency remains a serious problem that is detrimental to the state and disrupts a healthy business competition climate. This study aims to analyze the forms and mechanisms of law enforcement by the Kudus Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office against these violations based on Law Number 39 of 2007 concerning Excise, and to identify inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research method used is an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative descriptive research type through interviews with officials of the Kudus Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office and a literature study of related documents and regulations. The circulation of illegal cigarettes is still found in various forms of violations, with plain cigarettes without excise stamps being the most frequently found type. The resulting impacts include reduced state revenue, disrupted competitiveness of the legal cigarette industry, and low levels of public legal compliance. In its implementation, the Kudus Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office faces obstacles in the form of limited personnel and facilities, difficulties in location searches, and low public legal awareness. This research is expected to contribute to increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement in the excise sector and support efforts to eradicate the circulation of illegal cigarettes in Indonesia

Beauty salons are part of the growing creative services industry, yet they face various risks that can disrupt business continuity. This study aims to identify the types of risks, their causes, impacts, challenges, management strategies, and risk monitoring methods implemented by Nusa Bunga Salon in Maumere. The methods used included interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The results indicate that the salon faces operational, financial, marketing, and reputational risks. These risks are caused by factors such as inadequate employee skills, unstable income, intense competition, and customer complaints, which can result in service disruptions, decreased service quality, reduced customer numbers, and decreased revenue. Key challenges include an unstrategic location, limited workforce, fluctuating customer numbers, and rising material prices. To address these challenges, the salon implemented strategies such as home visits, utilization of social media, regulated employee working hours, and improved service quality. Risk monitoring is carried out continuously through operational supervision, customer satisfaction evaluations, inventory checks, and financial records. It was concluded that implementing sound risk management is crucial for maintaining business continuity. Therefore, it is recommended that salons continuously improve the quality of their human resources, financial management, marketing strategies, and service innovation

separating and shredding organic and inorganic waste. This study aims to analyze the process of shredding household waste using the Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) and determine the optimal operational parameters based on variations in rotor speed. The research method uses numerical simulation with SolidWorks 2024 software for geometric modeling and Ansys Rocky 2023 R1 for CFD-DEM simulation. The rotor speed variations used are 1000 RPM, 2500 RPM, and 4000 RPM with a mass flow rate of 4 tons/hour and a simulation duration of 2 seconds. The parameters analyzed included particle mass flow rate, shredding characteristics, and power consumption. The simulation results showed that a speed of 1000 RPM produced the most optimal performance with a maximum capacity of ±4 tons/hour and a stable shredding response compared to other variations. At 2500 RPM, there were high fluctuations with low capacity (±0.6 tons/hour), while at 4000 RPM, the capacity was moderate (±1.1 tons/hour) but still did not exceed the performance of 1000 RPM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a rotor speed parameter of 1000 RPM is the most effective condition for improving the grinding efficiency and production capacity of a hammer mill-type Depackaging machine based on CFD-DEM simulation.

Metaphor is a form of figurative language that expresses meaning indirectly by comparing one concept with another concept that has similar characteristics. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of metaphors used and to analyze how metaphors are represented in the lyrics of selected songs by Nadin Amizah, namely Bertaut, Taruh, Sorai, Semua Aku Dirayakan, and Hormat Kepada Angin. This research uses Ullmann’s theory (1972) which classifies metaphors into four types: anthropomorphic metaphor, animal metaphor, concrete-to-abstract metaphor, and synesthetic metaphor. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data were collected by reading the song lyrics, identifying metaphorical expressions, and classifying them based on Ullmann’s theory. The results show that there are 20 metaphorical expressions found in the selected songs. Anthropomorphic metaphor appears most frequently with 9 occurrences (45%), followed by concrete-to-abstract metaphor with 8 occurrences (40%). Animal metaphor appears 2 times (10%), while synesthetic metaphor appears only once (5%). These metaphors are used in the lyrics to express emotional experiences and personal reflections through imaginative and figurative language.

The development of digital technology has encouraged Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to utilize social media as the main instrument in building brand awareness. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a field research type (field research). Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with six sources (owner, financial manager, social media team, admin, crew, and customers), and documentation of the content of the TikTok account @mtm43surabaya. The results of the study show that: (1) MTMSBY43 implements a digital branding strategy with three main components, namely brand positioning as a social-based one-stop solution, a brand identity that focuses on a human-centered service approach, and a brand personality that reflects the character of local youth who are solution-oriented and socially concerned; (2) MTMSBY43 TikTok content is classified into three pillars, namely humanistic and realistic content (daily vlogs & live documentation), educational and transparent content (service portfolio), and humorous content (entertainment & engagement content) that builds high organic appeal; (3) TikTok acts as a primary growth driver for MTMSBY43's brand awareness through three mechanisms: creating brand recognition through the FYP algorithm, which reaches new audiences; driving brand recall through consistent uploads and a distinctive communication style; and building customer trust and brand loyalty through responsive two-way interactions

This study aims to analyze the impact of middlemen on the price of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) of oil palm received by farmers in Lambur I Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, from a sharia economic perspective. This study also examines the FFB marketing patterns carried out by farmers and the factors that influence farmers in choosing where to sell their harvest. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to understand FFB marketing practices and the socio-economic relationships between farmers and middlemen. The results show that FFB marketing in Lambur I Village is carried out through three main channels: middlemen, the Marketing Chain of Trust (RAM), and palm oil processing factories. Most farmers choose to sell FFB to middlemen because the transaction process is easier, payments are fast, and transportation costs are not required. In addition, urgent financial needs, limited transportation facilities, and long-standing socio-economic relationships also influence farmers' dependence on middlemen. In practice, middlemen play a dominant role in determining prices, deducting approximately Rp 250–Rp 300 per kilogram from the factory price. From a sharia economic perspective, marketing practices through middlemen are essentially permissible as long as they are carried out with mutual consent and do not contain elements of usury, gharar, or injustice. However, the dominance of middlemen in determining prices indicates a bargaining imbalance that could potentially harm farmers, thus not fully reflecting the principle of justice in sharia economics