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Malaria remains a major public health challenge in eastern Indonesia, particularly in the remote highland areas Papua, where access to health services is very limited. In early 2008, a suspected malaria outbreak with several deaths was reported in Agisiga District, a remote highland area in Papua. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic results, and mortality patterns of the malaria outbreak as a basis for formulating future control strategies. The outbreak investigation was conducted using a cross-sectional design in Agisiga District from January to March 2008. Capillary blood samples were examined using Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and thin blood smear microscopy. Malaria-related deaths were traced through verbal autopsy methods and interviews with families and community leaders. Descriptive analysis was performed to describe the demographic, clinical, and parasitological characteristics the cases. A total of 92 suspected malaria cases were identified, with the highest proportion coming from Tomosiga Village (52.2%), followed by Bigasiga Village (40.2%) and Agisiga Village (7.6%). Women accounted for 58.7% of all cases, and the most affected age group was 15–35 years (34.8%). Microscopic examination confirmed malaria infection in 55.0% of samples examined, with Plasmodium vivax predominating (45.0%), while the RDT positivity rate was much lower. The malaria outbreak in Agisiga District was characterized by high mortality, delayed diagnosis, and significant gaps in diagnostic capacity, particularly in remote villages. Strengthening the surveillance system, increasing diagnostic capacity, and improving access to timely treatment are crucial steps prevent similar outbreaks and reduce malaria mortality in the Papuan highlands.

Early reading skills are fundamental competencies that must be mastered by elementary school students, as they serve as the foundation for future academic success. However, conventional teacher-centered instruction often fails to maximize students’ active engagement in learning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning model assisted by mind mapping media in improving the early reading skills of second-grade elementary students. This research employed a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The participants were second-grade students who received instruction through the Project Based Learning model assisted by mind mapping media. Data were collected using reading skill tests administered before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed to identify differences in students’ reading abilities following the implementation of the learning model. The findings indicate that the implementation of Project Based Learning assisted by mind mapping media has a positive effect on students’ early reading skills. The model promotes active student participation, enhances critical and creative thinking skills, and facilitates comprehension through structured visual representation of concepts. Furthermore, the learning environment becomes more interactive and meaningful, increasing students’ motivation to engage in reading activities. Therefore, the Project Based Learning model assisted by mind mapping media is recommended as an alternative instructional strategy to improve early reading skills in elementary schools.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of Lactobacillus in feed on the absolute weight growth of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) doc 50 days. The study was conducted for 30 days at CV. Sukses Indah Prima. The research method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were as follows: treatment A. without the addition of biolacto probiotics; treatment B. addition of biolacto probiotics 50 ml / kg of feed; treatment C addition of biolacto dose 70 ml / kg of feed; treatment D addition of biolacto probiotics 90 ml / kg of feed. Absolute weight growth data were analyzed using one way ANOVA 5%. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the difference in biolacto doses in feed had a very significant effect on the absolute weight growth of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) doc 50 days and B) Treatment D biolacto dose 90 ml / kg of feed is the optimal dose, providing absolute weight growth of vannamei shrimp with an average of 9.37 grams.

Education plays a crucial and essential role in improving the quality of human resource globally, thus a research was conducted with the aim of producing a product, namely a learning module. This module is one of the learning resources that can be used by students independently. Therefore, the module was developed to function as a learniing guide for students. The lerning model used in this research is Creative Problem Solving. In this learning model, the teacher presents problems so that students can find answers innovatively and sharpen  their critical thinking skills. The suitability of this learning module will be evaluated based on three aspect, namely validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Based on the research sample data, this consists of students from class XI Electrical Power Installation Techniques (TITL) 1 at SMKN 1 Driyorejo. This method uses the Research & Development (R&D) approach. The analysis of differences in learning outcomes was carried out using the One Group Pretest-Posttest Method, the treatment in the form of a learning module based on the Creative Problem Solving model was given to student. The research result show that (1) the modules suitability is stated as very valid wth a score of 89,60, (2) aspect, it is stataed as very practical with a total average reaching 90,60, (3) effectiveness is proven from the improvement in learning outcomes in terms of knowledge and domains with an average pretest score of 51,3, while the average posttest score is 85 with a significance of 0.000.

Dementia is a progressive neurocognitive disorder often accompanied by behavioral and psychological symptoms such as agitation, anxiety, and depression. Pharmacological treatments provide only modest benefits while introducing significant risks, which highlights the need for safer, non-pharmacological alternatives. This literature review examines the role of virtual reality in dementia care, with a focus on its integration with therapies such as music, reminiscence, sensory stimulation, and cognitive training. Evidence from prior research suggests that virtual reality can enhance cognitive functions, reduce symptoms, and improve emotional well-being while also strengthening patient–caregiver interaction. However, challenges related to usability, accessibility, cost, and long-term effectiveness continue to limit adoption. Gaps in research, including limited cultural diversity, inconsistent reporting of intervention design, and a lack of large-scale longitudinal trials, emphasize the need for future work exploring cross-cultural feasibility and AI-driven personalization. Overall, virtual reality represents a promising and evolving non-pharmacological intervention that has the potential to transform dementia care by improving quality of life and reducing reliance on medication.

RFA treatments, pain is a frequent issue that might interfere with comfort and postpone recovery. Pharmacological treatment continues to be the mainstay of pain management after RFA, whereas non-pharmacological nursing treatments like cold compress therapy are not regularly used. The purpose of this research was to investigate how cold compress therapy affects pain severity in individuals following radiofrequency ablation. At the central general hospital in central Java, a quantitative quasi-experimental design was used, employing a one-group pre-test and post-test methodology. Twenty-eight participants were chosen using purposive sampling. The NRS was used to assess the intensity of pain both before and after applying a cold compress for 15–20 minutes. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to examine the data. Following the intervention, the median pain scores fell from 5 (moderate pain) to 2 (mild pain), which was a statistically significant change (p = 0.001). These results suggest that cold compress therapy can be advised as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention in post-procedural treatment since it helps lessen post-RFA pain

Background: The elderly are individuals who have reached the age of 60 and above. For most elderly people, loss or limitation of resources is a factor that can trigger anxiety. Anxiety is a complex emotional condition associated with feelings of fear and often accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The role of nurses as care providers in reducing complaints in anxious clients uses independent nursing interventions, one of which is the application of non- pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological therapy is diversionary therapy. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of diversionary therapy in reducing anxiety levels in elderly people at the Abiyoso Yogyakarta BPSTW unit .Method: The design of this case study is descriptive. This study conducted treatment or intervention on clients to observe changes before and after using the HARS questionnaire .Results: All three forms of diversion therapy administered showed a decrease in anxiety levels in Mr. B. Measurements using the HARS instrument showed a decrease in scores  from an initial 19 to 13 after three interventions. Conclusion: The intervention, administered over three consecutive days, showed positive  changes with a decrease in anxiety scores.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin process caused by specific allergens. ACD is classified as Type IV hypersensitivity, which is sensitive to allergens. A 57-year-old woman presented to the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic at Malahayati General Hospital in Bireun with complaints of red patches on her right and left legs and on her right and left elbows for approximately two months. According to the patient, the red patches initially appeared as circular patches with white scales the size of a coin on the elbows, accompanied by itching, which then spread. The itching worsened when the patient sweated, causing her to scratch, which enlarged the lesions and caused red wounds. The skin on the lesions tended to be dry with active edges and a calmer center. The itching improved after bathing. The patient is a housewife. The patient also said that she sweats frequently. According to the patient, the itching is not affected by the food she consumes every day. The patient was given steroid pharmacotherapy, namely 1% hydrocortisone cream, 0.1% mometasone furoate cream, and 10 mg cetirizine tablets once daily.

Dermoid cyst is a benign congenital choristoma frequently found in the periocular region, particularly in children. It results from ectodermal tissue sequestration along embryonic fusion lines. Although generally benign and slow-growing, dermoid cysts may cause cosmetic deformity, mechanical ptosis, or visual disturbance if left untreated. A 4-year-old child presented with a painless, slowly enlarging mass on the upper eyelid that had been noticed since early childhood. Physical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, firm, non-tender mass without signs of inflammation. Visual acuity was within normal limits, and no proptosis was observed. Clinical findings were consistent with a superficial eyelid dermoid cyst. The patient underwent complete surgical excision under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, the cyst was removed intact without rupture. Histopathological examination confirmed a dermoid cyst characterized by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining with adnexal skin structures. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with good cosmetic outcome and no recurrence during follow-up. Eyelid dermoid cyst can be diagnosed clinically through careful history taking and physical examination. Complete surgical excision is the definitive treatment and provides excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes. Early management is recommended to prevent potential complications and to achieve optimal results.

Vibrio sp. is one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing various diseases in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation, such as vibriosis, which can reduce the survival rate and productivity of ponds. Environmentally friendly Vibrio control efforts can be achieved through the use of probiotics. One widely used probiotic is Lactobacillus sp., which is known to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria through competition for space and nutrients, production of antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins and organic acids), and increased shrimp non-specific immunity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of administering different doses of Lactobacillus sp. in suppressing Vibrio sp. populations in whiteleg shrimp cultivation media. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications: control (A), 6 ppm lactobacillus sp (B), 12 ppm (C), and 18 ppm (D). The parameter observed was the Total Vibrio Count (TVC) in the culture water after 24 hours of lactobacillus administration.

The problem that occurs in stroke patients is damage to the autonomic nervous system that regulates intestinal peristalsis, causing a decrease in the defecation reflex and leading to constipation. If constipation is not treated properly, it will affect the quality of life of stroke patients. Constipation can be treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. One non-pharmacological treatment is abdominal massage. Abdominal massage can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, which can increase digestive system motility, reduce tension in the abdominal muscles, and have a relaxing effect on the sphincter. The design used in the preparation of the final scientific paper for the nursing study was a one-group pretest-posttest case study with abdominal massage intervention on three respondents who had experienced constipation for ≥ 72 hours. Abdominal massage was given once a day for 10-15 minutes for three consecutive days. The constipation scores using the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) were as follows: respondent 1, Mrs. L, from 13 to 6; Mrs. W, from 12 to 11; and Mrs. W, from 15 to 11. There was a decrease in the CAS score before and after the abdominal massage was administered, but it was not yet able to significantly alleviate constipation in stroke patients. The application of this EBP is expected to provide additional information on the administration of abdominal massage to stroke patients experiencing constipation for ≥72 hours.

Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor contributing to the development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), which includes STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina. The increasing prevalence of hypertension worldwide raises concern regarding its impact on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to describe the profile of ACS patients with hypertension receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) therapy in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Using a descriptive cross-sectional method, data from 91 patients treated between July 2021 and October 2024 were analyzed. Variables included demographic characteristics, clinical classification of ACS, hypertension degree, comorbidities, types and doses of ACEI/ARB administered. The results showed that most patients were male (73%) and aged over 65 years (40%). Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship between hypertension degree, ACS classification, or most comorbidities with drug selection or dosage (p>0.05), except for a significant association between coronary heart disease comorbidity and ARB selection. These findings suggest that in hypertensive ACS patients, the choice between ACEI and ARB therapy is predominantly based on individual comorbidity profiles rather than blood pressure severity or ACS type. The study highlights the importance of personalized treatment approaches considering patient comorbidities to optimize cardiovascular outcomes.

The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the popular marine shrimp species in aquaculture due to its adaptability to various environmental conditions, including a wide range of salinity, and its omnivorous feeding behavior. This study aims to determine the effect of different combinations of stocking density and salinity on the growth rate and post larval survival of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The research was conducted using factorial planning based on two factors namely stocking density (3, 6, and 9ekor/L) and salinity (15 ppt and 25 ppt). Parameters measured included daily growth rate, absolute weight, survival rate, feed utilization efficiency, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Water quality observations were also made during the study period including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and total ammonia. The results showed that the combination of stocking density of 3 fish/L with salinity of 25 ppt gave the best results with a daily growth rate of 0,00664 gram and a survival rate of 86%. This treatment also produced the best feed utilization efficiency of 0.87 and the best FCR value of 1.27, indicating the most efficient use of feed. Water quality parameters during the study were within the appropriate range to support the growth of vanamei shrimp.

This study aims to: (1) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the mathematical concept comprehension and self-efficacy of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan; (2) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the mathematical concept comprehension of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan; (3) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the self-efficacy of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan. The research population included all tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research sample consisted of two classes selected randomly: one experimental class receiving discovery learning with an aptitude treatment interaction strategy and one control class receiving conventional learning. The research instruments consisted of a test measuring mathematical concept understanding on trigonometry material and a self-efficacy questionnaire. The data obtained were tested for prerequisites through normality and homogeneity tests before being analyzed using inferential statistical tests in the form of an independent samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS software version 26.0. The research results show that the implementation of the discovery learning model with the aptitude-treatment interaction strategy has a significant impact on students' mathematical concept understanding and self-efficacy simultaneously, with a significance value of 0.006 < 0.05. Partially, this learning model has a significant effect on students' mathematical concept understanding, with a significance value of 0.018 < 0.05. However, the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude-treatment interaction strategy on students' self-efficacy is not statistically significant, as indicated by a significance value of 0.089 > 0.05, even though there is a tendency for increased self-efficacy among students participating in the experimental class learning. Nevertheless, the influence of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on students' self-efficacy is not statistically significant in partial terms, although there is a tendency for an increase in self-efficacy among students participating in the experimental class. These findings suggest that the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts in trigonometry material and has the potential to support the development of self-efficacy in mathematics learning.

Bungus waters, located in Padang City, are one of the important fisheries centers in western Indonesia with high diversity of demersal and pelagic fish species. Bottom longline is an environmentally friendly passive fishing gear widely used by fishers in these waters. This study aimed to determine the effect of different bait types used in bottom longline fishing gear on fish catch in Bungus waters. The method employed was experimental fishing using a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with three bait treatments, namely tuna, scad, and small squid, each replicated nine times. Catch data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that differences in bait type had a highly significant effect on fish catch (F_calculated > F_table at the 1% level). Squid bait produced the highest catch with an average of 10.26 kg (41%), followed by scad at 8.1 kg (33%) and tuna at 6.52 kg (26%). The catch composition was dominated by grouper (44%), snapper (18%), threadfin bream (10%), and kurisi (9%). The use of squid bait was proven to be the most effective in increasing the productivity of bottom longline fishing gear in Bungus waters, Padang, West Sumatra.

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the species that is a national superior commodity. The traffic of shrimp between provinces in Indonesia showed a significant increase in the period 2014-2017 with an average growth of 74.48% per year. Things that need to be considered in distribution activities are determining the number of seeds to be transported, providing oxygen in the packaging container, optimizing the use of low temperatures to suppress metabolic activity. This study was conducted with the aim of determining different densities on survival and determining the optimal density for the survival of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in closed transportation for 36 hours. The method in this study used an experimental method with data collection carried out through direct observation. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatment combinations. Density consisted of 1500 individuals/2 liters, 2000/2 liters, 2500 individuals/2 liters, 3000/2 liters and 3500 individuals/2 liters. The main parameters observed were survival and the test parameters measured were DO, temperature, salinity, and pH. The results showed that the best performer was in Treatment (B) with a density of 2,000 individuals with a survival rate of 86.02%. The results of the air quality observation study showed that almost all were still at optimal levels to support the survival of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with an average temperature of 26.22°C. pH 7.18 – 8.08. Dissolved oxygen 3.87 – 8.06 ppm.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a fast growth rate, good tolerance to a wide range of salinity and temperature, and resistance to several common shrimp diseases. Vaname shrimp has an efficient feed conversion making it more economical to cultivate, and its international market demand is high. The research method used four treatments of fermented soybean meal doses, namely 0% (control), 15%, 25%, and 35%, each with 3 replications. The feed was formulated using Pearson’s Square method targeting 35% protein, and the soybean meal was fermented using tempe yeast method. The observed parameters included daily growth rate (%), absolute weight gain (grams), survival rate (%), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results showed that the treatment with 25% fermented soybean meal dose gave the best results with a daily growth rate of 6.42%, absolute weight gain of 0.22 grams, survival rate of 90.66%, and the highest feed utilization efficiency of 0.66.

Tooth extraction is a procedure to remove a tooth from its alveolar bone socket. The causes for tooth extraction include caries, periodontitis, fractures, impacted teeth, the need for orthodontic treatment, and persistent primary teeth. Post-extraction bleeding is the most common complication that occurs. Hemostasis is a mechanism to stop bleeding from blood vessels to prevent excessive blood loss when an injury occurs, ensuring that blood continues to flow smoothly. In stopping bleeding, there are three processes involved: vasoconstriction (the narrowing of blood vessels), platelet activity, and the activity of blood clotting factors. Bleeding time is the time interval from when blood exits the blood vessel until the bleeding stops. The normal range for bleeding time is 1 to 3 minutes. Balakacida leaves contain active compounds including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolics. To determine the effect of Balakacida leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata) as a hemostatic agent following tooth extraction in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study uses an experimental method with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. The samples used in this research are male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2–3 months, weighing between 200–250 grams. The research data were processed and analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test. The results showed that treatments at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% were able to significantly accelerate bleeding time compared to the control group. The administration of Balakacida leaf extract is effective as a hemostatic agent following tooth extraction in Wistar rats.  

This research was motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of MA Negeri 1 Serang students. So it is necessary to implement learning media that helps improve students' mathematics learning outcomes. One of the learning media used is Matrix Domino Cards. This research aims to determine the learning outcomes of students who received treatment using domino matrices and students who were not given learning treatment using domino matrices. The research results show that the learning outcomes of students who were treated using matrix domino card media were higher than the learning outcomes of students without using matrix domino card media. The results of statistical tests show that students' interest in learning using domino matrix media in the experimental class obtained an average = 67.78 and standard deviation = 20.88, while learning without using domino matrix media in the experimental class obtained data on the average interest in learning of participants students = 49.72 and standard deviation = 15.48, then after carrying out the t test the results were obtained that tcount > ttable, namely 1.80 > 0.354. Hypothesis testing results obtained were tcount > ttable, so ha was accepted, meaning there was an increase in student learning outcomes using domino matrix learning media in class XI MA Negeri 1 Serang Academic Year 2022/2023.

Canker sores are an inflammation of the oral tissues, generally caused by bacterial and fungal infections. They can cause pain and discomfort and reduce the sufferer's quality of life. Treatment for canker sores has been dominated by synthetic drugs, but they are less popular among the public, especially children, due to discomfort and concerns about side effects. Therefore, we need safer and more easily accepted alternative treatments based on culturally derived materials. This study is to investigate the potential of pineapple and melon stems formulated in the form of gummy candy nanosimplicia as a complementary therapy in the treatment of canker sores. The research method was carried out through a literature review by collecting scientific articles from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, then analyzed using VOSviewer software to map emerging research trends and potential. The analysis results indicate that there are approximately 600 articles discussing the active metabolite content in pineapple and melon stems that have antibacterial and antifungal activity, as well as the development of innovative preparations such as gummy candy as a delivery medium for bioactive compounds. The implications of this study indicate that the combination of pineapple stem and melon nanosimplisia has the potential to be developed as a safe, attractive, and effective natural herbal candy product for the prevention and treatment of mouth ulcers, especially in children.