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The Qur'an serves as the primary guidance for Muslims in achieving well-being in this world and the hereafter. Therefore, it must be recited correctly, as incorrect pronunciation may alter its intended meaning. Tajweed is the discipline that governs proper Qur'anic recitation. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Tuhfatul Athfal book in teaching tajweed and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving the Qur'an reading skills of eighth-grade students at SMP IT Al-Mumtaazah Pedamaran. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected from Qur'an and Tahfidz teachers as well as eighth-grade students through observation, interviews, and documentation. Primary data were obtained directly from participants, while secondary data were gathered from relevant literature and journals. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Tuhfatul Athfal book was carried out systematically through several learning activities, including reciting the nadzham together at the beginning of each lesson, explaining tajweed rules, demonstrating the correct pronunciation of makhraj letters, and practicing Qur'anic recitation according to the tajweed principles studied. These activities enabled students to understand and apply the rules of tajweed more effectively. Furthermore, the use of the Tuhfatul Athfal book proved effective in improving students' Qur'an reading skills. It facilitated memorization of fundamental tajweed rules, enhanced students' comprehension of tajweed concepts, and supported a gradual and structured learning process. Overall, the Tuhfatul Athfal book serves as an effective instructional medium for strengthening tajweed mastery and improving the quality of Qur'anic recitation among junior high school students.

The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) represents a significant transformation in India’s criminal justice system. Although environmental protection in India has traditionally been governed by specialized environmental statutes, the newly enacted criminal laws also contain provisions capable of addressing environmental crimes and ecological harm. This article examines the role of the BNS and BNSS in promoting environmental accountability and strengthening green justice within India’s legal framework. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical legal research methodology based on statutory interpretation, constitutional analysis, and judicial precedents. The research finds that provisions relating to public nuisance, water pollution, atmospheric contamination, hazardous substances, and acts likely to spread disease collectively establish a broader criminal law framework for environmental protection. Judicial interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution, together with principles such as the polluter pays principle, precautionary principle, and sustainable development, has further strengthened environmental jurisprudence in India. The article argues that the BNS and BNSS contribute toward mainstreaming environmental protection within criminal law, but effective enforcement, institutional coordination, and stronger implementation mechanisms remain necessary for achieving sustainable environmental justice.

The advancement of technology and information, which coincides with digitalization alongside the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has colored human social life around the world. Currently, cadets of the Naval Academy often use gadgets/digital tools to access information or other media. With this, there are emerging threats that are very dangerous for individuals and the state. An currently prevalent case is Cyber Crime Identity Theft. Cyber crime identity theft refers to the crime of stealing someone's personal information online for the purpose of fraud or financial gain by stealing personal data such as names, identity numbers, and financial information, to carry out illegal transactions or obtain illegal benefits, which can lead to financial loss and damage the victim's reputation. Indonesia still has a very high number of cases of cyber crime identity theft, but it should be preventable by fostering. the cyber security awareness of cadets at the Naval Academy of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The conclusion of this research is that by strengthening modern technological infrastructure, both equipment and administrative services, developing modern software and hardware with strong security systems, and tightening regulations regarding access to users' personal data in cyber services, supported by strengthening cyber security institutions, it can enhance the cyber security awareness of cadets at the Naval Academy of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.

Children's literacy can be improved through interactive learning media. A digital children's story platform, previously a mobile application, required web version development to expand user accessibility via browsers. The main challenge in this development was presenting multimedia content such as text, images, and audio dubbing synchronously scene-by-scene without degrading system performance, as well as facilitating reader interaction through a rating feature. This research aims to design and develop the platform using a Decoupled Architecture approach. The software development method used is Waterfall, encompassing requirement analysis, system design (UML, CDM, and PDM), implementation, testing, and maintenance. During implementation, ReactJS is utilized on the client-side for responsive interface rendering and state management, while Laravel is implemented on the server-side as a RESTful API provider to manage multimedia asset transmission, rating records, and the MySQL database. Functional system testing was evaluated using Black-box Testing, while user experience was validated using Spearman's Rank Correlation. The results indicate that this architectural separation (front-end and back-end) effectively resolves server overload issues commonly found in monolithic architectures and produces a seamless, stable asynchronous data transmission system across various devices.

This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and assessment of differentiated instruction in teaching descriptive text writing to ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Bendo, Magetan Regency. The study was conducted in response to students difficulties in generating ideas, selecting appropriate vocabulary, organizing ideas coherently, and producing vivid descriptive texts. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through lesson plan observation, classroom observation, teacher interviews, and documentation of student learning products. The findings indicate that differentiated instruction was planned through a Merdeka Curriculum-based teaching module, diagnostic assessment, contextual material selection, and the use of PowerPoint, observation sheets, and tiered student worksheets. The implementation emphasized process and learning-environment differentiation through triggering questions, direct observation of real objects around the school, group work, individual scaffolding, immediate feedback, and reflection. Assessment was carried out continuously through diagnostic, formative, and summative assessment. Differentiated instruction helped students generate concrete ideas, organize their writing more systematically, increase motivation, and strengthen descriptive text writing skills. These findings affirm that differentiated instruction can serve as an adaptive strategy in Indonesian language learning at junior high school level.

Urban plant care is increasingly important for sustainable living, but many users face inconsistent watering, insufficient care knowledge, unsuitable plant selection and delayed disease recognition. This study presents Easy Grow Plants, an integrated web and Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem that connects plant care guidance, soil-moisture monitoring, automated watering, plant recommendation, image-based plant health assistance, marketplace functions, community interaction and plant exchange. The prototype was implemented using a React frontend, Django REST backend, SQLite database and an Arduino UNO R4 WiFi smart pot with a soil moisture sensor, relay module and DC water pump. Functional, interface, API, IoT connectivity, sensor calibration, watering control and LAN deployment tests were conducted. The results show that the core modules operated together as an integrated academic prototype. The system demonstrates a practical foundation for smart urban gardening, although cloud deployment, multi-device testing and stronger AI validation remain future improvements

Lead (Pb²⁺) is a hazardous heavy metal commonly found in industrial wastewater and poses serious risks to human health and the environment due to its toxic and non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, an effective and environmentally friendly treatment method is required to reduce Pb²⁺ concentration in wastewater. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pH and initial Pb²⁺ concentration on the adsorption capacity of ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea) bioadsorbent activated with NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted using a batch system with pH variations of 4, 5, and 7 and initial Pb²⁺ concentrations of 20, 25, and 30 mg/L. The residual Pb²⁺ concentration was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), and the adsorption performance was evaluated based on removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (Qe). The results showed that pH and initial Pb²⁺ concentration significantly affected the adsorption performance. The optimum adsorption condition was obtained at pH 5, with a maximum removal efficiency of 99.20% and a total adsorption capacity of 18.56 mg/g. The increase in pH from 4 to 5 enhanced adsorption performance due to reduced competition between H⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions for active sites on the adsorbent surface. Increasing the initial Pb²⁺ concentration tended to increase adsorption capacity, although removal efficiency remained relatively stable due to the limited number of active adsorption sites. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values ranged from 1.56% to 3.37%, indicating good precision and repeatability of the experimental data. These findings demonstrate that NaOH-activated ramie leaves have considerable potential as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly bioadsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal from wastewater.

Modern food supply chains, particularly those involving essential commodities like rice, often suffer from major challenges such as product fraud, inefficient record-keeping, and a lack of consumer trust. Traditional centralized systems are prone to data tampering, limited transparency, and poor traceability, making it difficult to verify the authenticity and origin of goods. To address these issues, our research introduces TraceRoot, a blockchain-based traceability framework designed to enhance transparency, accountability, and trust in agricultural supply chains.TraceRoot leverages the immutability and decentralization of blockchain technology to maintain a secure, distributed ledger that records every transaction and movement of goods across the supply chain. Each stakeholder including farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers has role-based access to authenticated data through a user-friendly interface. The framework integrates smart contracts to automate transactions and digital signatures to verify the integrity of the data being uploaded, minimizing the risk of human error or manipulation

This study investigates the integration of digital twin technology and machine learning for predictive analysis in smart mechanical systems. The research emphasizes the role of intelligent computational frameworks in improving industrial monitoring, predictive maintenance, and operational efficiency within Industry 4.0 environments. A qualitative content analysis approach was employed by reviewing scientific literature, industrial reports, and previous studies related to digital twins, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics. The findings indicate that digital twin architectures supported by machine learning algorithms can significantly enhance real-time monitoring, fault prediction accuracy, and maintenance optimization. The integration of IoT devices, cloud computing, and intelligent analytics also improves industrial sustainability, reduces operational downtime, and supports data-driven decision-making processes. Furthermore, the study identifies several technological challenges, including cybersecurity risks, data integration complexity, and computational limitations. Overall, the proposed intelligent digital twin framework provides a promising approach for future industrial innovation and sustainable smart mechanical system management

Stigma toward people with mental disorders affects not only individuals living with mental illness but also the psychological well-being of family members who serve as their primary caregivers. Families often experience social rejection, discrimination, and negative stereotypes, which increase emotional and psychological burdens while reducing the quality of care they provide. This study aimed to explore the impact of stigma on the psychological well-being of families caring for people with mental disorders in Pamekasan Regency. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted involving 11 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify participants' lived experiences. The findings revealed one overarching theme, namely the negative impact of stigma, which consisted of three categories: effects on family members, family relationships, and patients. Stigma generated feelings of sadness, anxiety, psychological distress, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, family conflicts, and changes in family interactions with patients. These experiences negatively influenced caregivers’ emotional well-being and their ability to provide optimal support for family members with mental disorders. The study concludes that stigma has a substantial adverse impact on the psychological well-being of family caregivers and the quality of care provided to people with mental disorders. Therefore, comprehensive interventions focusing on stigma reduction, community education, and strengthening psychosocial support systems are essential to improve family resilience and promote better mental health outcomes.

The drainage system is critical infrastructure for managing stormwater runoff in densely built urban areas, including higher education institutions. This study aims to evaluate the capacity performance of the existing drainage channels in the UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur campus area. The evaluation was conducted through two main stages: hydrological analysis using the rational method to estimate the design runoff discharge for a 10-year return period, and hydraulic analysis using Manning's equation to calculate the channel cross-sectional capacity in accordance with Permen PU No. 12 of 2014. Based on the assessment of 43 drainage channels, the results showed that 33 channels (76.7%) are still functioning optimally and capable of accommodating the design discharge. Conversely, 10 channels (23.3%) were identified as having insufficient capacity. This capacity deficit was triggered by initial designs that did not accommodate the 10-year return period flood discharge, increased runoff coefficients due to massive pavement development, and effective cross-section narrowing caused by sedimentation. To mitigate inundation issues, this study recommends redesigning the failing channels using an economical hydraulic cross-section, accompanied by periodic normalization and dredging for functional channels. The findings of this study are expected to serve as technical guidelines for the optimal and sustainable management of campus drainage infrastructure.

The urgency of this research stems from the knowledge gap regarding contextual factors contributing to the underuse of learning media in rural elementary schools, which has not been adequately addressed in previous research, which has tended to focus on urban contexts. This study aims to examine teachers' perceptions at Sugayang Public Elementary School regarding the underuse of learning media in the learning process, as well as the factors that contribute to it. The method used was a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing in-depth interviews as a data collection technique. The data were then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that teachers experienced difficulties in using technology, difficulties in creating learning media, and the perception that using media was time-consuming. This reveals an important pattern that the underuse of learning media is a systematic problem rooted in the TPACK gap that is not supported by practical time management solutions. These findings imply that changes in learning practices will not occur simply through the provision of generic technology tools or training; rather, bottom-up and contextual solutions are needed. The novelty of this research lies in the in-depth qualitative approach applied to the under-researched context of rural elementary schools, which has not been studied before. This research contributes through recommendations for the implementation of a peer-mentoring program and the development of a ready-to-use digital learning media bank, thus offering valuable insights for future research with relevant stakeholders.

The physical work environment in the Aerosol Production Department of PT XYZ experienced problems related to excessive room temperatures reaching 37.3°C and chemical odor pollution caused by vapor recirculation from the coating oven process. These conditions potentially reduced operator comfort and concentration. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Kaizen approach through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in controlling production room temperature and improving air quality. A quantitative descriptive method with an Action Research approach was employed. Problem identification and root cause analysis were conducted using the 7 QC Tools, particularly the Pareto Diagram and Fishbone Diagram. Improvement actions included the installation of turbine ventilators, aluminum foil roof insulation, and a 3-meter vertical exhaust ducting system. The results showed that the average room temperature decreased from 34.6°C to 27.4°C, representing a reduction of 7.2°C, while the peak daytime temperature decreased by 8.7°C and met the established threshold limit value. In addition, chemical odor pollution was completely eliminated. Therefore, the Kaizen-PDCA approach proved effective in improving the physical work environment sustainably.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the MBG policy in fulfilling nutritional needs in North Barito Regency and to identify the obstacles encountered. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with MAN Barito Utara and SMAN 4 Muara Teweh as research sites. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using Edward III's policy implementation model encompassing four indicators: communication, resources, implementor disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings reveal that MBG implementation at both schools has generally been running well but not yet optimally. Communication was structured and food production quality was ensured through certified kitchens. All implementors demonstrated high commitment and enthusiasm, serving as the primary strength of the program. Key obstacles were identified in the resource dimension absence of dedicated nutrition personnel, inadequate distribution space, and minimal nutrition education for students and in the bureaucratic structure dimension, including SOPs not tailored to each school's specific characteristics, informal task divisions lacking official decrees, and the absence of systematic staff substitution mechanisms. The study recommends dedicated budget allocation for distribution facilities, issuance of official task division decrees, SOP refinement, and development of nutrition education modules integrated into teaching and learning activities.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases caused by changes in human organs or degenerative diseases (age factor). Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks joint tissues. According to WHO 2025, rheumatoid arthritis sufferers reach 355 million people worldwide. Method: This scientific paper uses a descriptive narrative method, namely by providing an overview of family nursing care to patients through a nursing process approach. The general objective of this paper is to understand and apply family nursing care to patients with Musculoskeletal System Disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Results: Nursing diagnoses that appear in patients with Musculoskeletal System Disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis include chronic pain and knowledge deficit. Conclusion: After nursing implementation for 2 days, the chronic pain diagnosis was partially resolved and the knowledge deficit was resolved, so the author performed routine discharge planning by doing warm compresses using ginger.

This study investigates the role of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) in empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through the integration of Maqashid Sharia principles and financial inclusion strategies. Despite the strategic importance of MSMEs in economic growth and poverty reduction, many face challenges in accessing formal financial services. BMT, with its dual function of social (maal) and commercial (tamwil) activities, offers a unique platform to bridge this gap. Using a qualitative systematic literature review guided by PRISMA, this study analyzes 30 relevant articles to examine BMT operational models, implementation of Maqashid Sharia objectives, financial inclusion practices, and their impact on MSME performance. Findings indicate that BMT effectively supports MSMEs in capital access, income generation, and business resilience, but inconsistencies in balancing social and commercial objectives limit. holistic empowerment. Integrating Maqashid Sharia principles enhances ethical and sustainable outcomes, while financial inclusion expands outreach to underserved entrepreneurs. Optimization strategies, including strengthening institutional capacity, combining financial and non-financial support, and context-specific interventions, are essential for maximizing BMT effectiveness. This study contributes a comprehensive framework linking ethical, financial, and empowerment dimensions, offering practical guidance for policymakers and BMT managers in promoting inclusive and sustainable MSME development.

This study aims to provide the benefits of a psychological approach in education through a learning adjustment strategy based on the developmental stage and age limits of students. The study used a library method with a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach through a review of educational psychology literature, cognitive development theory, national education regulations, and various relevant scientific journals. The results of the study indicate that learning effectiveness is greatly influenced by the alignment between material, teaching methods, and students' psychological readiness. Piaget's cognitive development theory indicates that elementary school-aged children are at the concrete operational stage, thus requiring contextual learning, the use of real-life media, and active interaction in the learning process. This study also found that age limits in the education system have an important function as a means of synchronizing students' biological, emotional, social, and intellectual readiness with learning targets. Through the "Psychological Navigation" model, this study offers a strategic framework for educators to create adaptive, humanistic learning that is oriented towards optimal student development. The implications of this study emphasize that teachers need to understand the individual characteristics of students so that the educational process does not only focus on academic achievement, but also supports the psychological well-being and character formation of students as a whole.

The rapid expansion of social media has intensified the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), a form of anxiety arising from the perception that others are experiencing more rewarding lives. With more than 5.17 billion active social media users worldwide in 2024, including Indonesians who spend over three hours daily on social media, FOMO has become an increasingly prevalent psychological and social issue. This study employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review to examine the relationship between social media use, FOMO, and psychological well-being, while exploring its spiritual dimensions from an Islamic perspective. The analysis draws on Social Comparison Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Islamic psychospiritual concepts, particularly qana'ah (contentment) as articulated by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. The findings indicate that FOMO is strongly influenced by social comparison, declining self-esteem, and compulsive engagement with digital platforms, all of which contradict Islamic values such as qana'ah, tawakkul (reliance on God), shukr (gratitude), and zuhd (detachment from excessive worldly attachment). The study argues that FOMO should be understood not only as a psychological problem but also as a spiritual challenge resulting from the erosion of inner contentment. To address this issue, the study proposes integrating evidence-based digital well-being strategies with Islamic spiritual practices, including mindful dhikr, structured digital detox, and gratitude cultivation. This research contributes to the growing field of Islamic digital psychology by offering an integrative framework for promoting psychological resilience and spiritual well-being in Muslim communities.

In order to raise the standard of healthcare services in the contemporary period, digital transformation in hospital management has become a phenomena. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adoption, advantages, difficulties, and success aspects of digital transformation in healthcare facilities. A literature review employing a narrative review system was the methodology. 14 papers that met the inclusion requirements were found using data sources from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with publication years ranging from 2020 to 2025. To determine the primary study themes, data analysis was carried out utilising a thematic synthesis approach. According to the study's findings, digital transformation can enhance operational effectiveness, service quality, and patient safety by using technology including electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, and hospital management information systems. However, there are still a number of obstacles to its adoption, such as inadequate infrastructure, inadequate human resource competency, expensive investment costs, and data security threats. Significant barriers also include a lack of system integration and opposition to change. Government policies and regulatory assistance have an impact on the success of digital transformation in hospital administration.

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has increased the need for data security and confidentiality in digital information exchange. Various threats, such as eavesdropping, data theft, and information manipulation, require effective security methods capable of protecting message content without attracting unauthorized attention. One of the techniques used to address this issue is steganography, which conceals secret information within digital media so that the existence of the message remains undetectable. This study aims to implement the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method on digital facial images as a medium for embedding secret messages and to evaluate the quality of the resulting stego images. The system was developed using the Python programming language with a Tkinter-based graphical user interface to facilitate the processes of message embedding and extraction. Prior to embedding, the secret message was secured using an XOR encryption operation with a specific key. The embedding process was performed by modifying the least significant bits of image pixels, resulting in minimal visual distortion. Experimental results indicate that the LSB method successfully conceals secret messages while maintaining the visual quality of the cover image. The evaluation produced low Mean Squared Error (MSE) values and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values exceeding 85 dB, indicating a very high similarity between the original and stego images. Furthermore, the hidden message could be accurately extracted using the correct key, provided that the image had not undergone compression or manipulation. Therefore, the LSB-based steganography approach on digital facial images is proven to be an effective method for enhancing information security and confidentiality.