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The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is Indonesia's primary conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme for poverty alleviation. This study examines PKH effectiveness in improving household welfare among beneficiaries in Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), employing a Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation approach. The analysis integrates a Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) perspective to evaluate Access, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APCB) dimensions for vulnerable groups. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was applied to 151 beneficiary households selected via proportional sampling across three urban sub-districts. The 3SLS estimations establish that targeting accuracy (X1) and economic empowerment (X3) are the most significant determinants of PKH effectiveness; PKH effectiveness (Y1) strongly shapes household governance (Y2) through the Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) mechanism; and PKH effectiveness is the dominant determinant of household welfare (Y3), with a near-unity coefficient (β=0.97). GEDSI analysis reveals that female-headed households, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face compounding vulnerabilities inadequately addressed by current program design. The study recommends strengthening data verification systems, embedding economic empowerment as a core pillar, and adopting differentiated targeting based on intersectional vulnerability profiles.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on financial management behavior through financial attitudes among students of Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia (UKRI). The background of this research is the increasing importance of financial understanding among students in managing their personal finances effectively. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to UKRI students. The data were analyzed using statistical methods to examine both direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior. Furthermore, financial attitudes are proven to mediate the relationship between financial literacy and financial management behavior, indicating that better financial knowledge shapes positive attitudes, which in turn improve financial behavior. The findings imply that improving financial literacy and fostering positive financial attitudes are essential in promoting better financial management among students. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to enhance financial education programs to support students in achieving financial well-being.

The development of digital technology has brought major changes to people's lives, including in the fields of education, economics, and social life. However, many people are still unable to utilize digital technology optimally, especially communities in remote areas. This study aims to analyze the role of out-of-school education as a solution for community empowerment in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach. While this type of research uses case studies. Case studies are empirical methods that investigate contemporary phenomena in real-life contexts, especially when the boundaries between phenomena and contexts are unclear. The results of the study indicate that out-of-school education has a strategic role in improving people's digital skills through technology-based training, courses, and empowerment programs. Out-of-school education is also able to improve the quality of human resources, expand digital economic opportunities, and reduce the digital divide in society. Thus, out-of-school education is a relevant and flexible educational alternative in facing the challenges of the digital era.

This study aims to explore the use of English speaking skills by airline operational staff at Indonesia Air Asia at Juanda International Airport, Surabaya. English plays a crucial role in aviation operations, particularly in ensuring effective communication, maintaining service quality, and supporting operational safety in interactions with international passengers, flight crews, and airport stakeholders. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of how English is used in real operational contexts and how staff perceive its importance in their daily responsibilities. The data were collected from ten airline operational staff members through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed thematically following the qualitative data analysis model proposed by Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. The findings indicate that speaking skills are the most frequently used English skills in daily airline operations, especially when handling passenger inquiries, boarding procedures, and operational coordination. However, several challenges were identified, including difficulties in understanding diverse accents, limited aviation-related vocabulary, grammatical inaccuracies, and a lack of confidence in spontaneous communication. The study concludes that continuous and context-based English training programs are necessary to support airline operational staff in improving their communicative competence, particularly speaking skills relevant to aviation operations and international service standards.

For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

This study examines the implementation of speech therapy for children with speech delay at PSAA Balita Tunas Bangsa, an orphanage setting where children experience limited parental stimulation and various psychosocial challenges. The objective of this research is to analyze how speech therapy is carried out, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and understand its impact on children's expressive language development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the head of the institution, speech therapist, caregivers, and a child with speech delay. The findings show that speech therapy conducted through methods such as word repetition, picture-based learning, and interactive play is effective in enhancing children’s vocabulary, communicative confidence, and social interaction. Key supporting factors include caregiver involvement and adequate facilities, while limited therapy frequency and children's initial resistance become inhibiting factors. The results indicate that the integration of therapy with daily caregiver support significantly contributes to the child's language progress. These findings highlight the importance of consistent stimulation, collaborative care, and structured therapeutic programs in improving expressive language skills in institutionalized children with speech delay.

The management of Uninhabitable Houses (Rumah Tidak Layak Huni/RTLH) in Sikka Regency faces a critical challenge due to the high number of inadequate housing units distributed across both urban and rural areas with complex geographical characteristics. The primary obstacle to effective policy implementation stems from the limited capacity of local government interventions in improving housing quality on a sustainable basis, which is largely caused by poor-quality housing data and the absence of an integrated single-data information system. This policy paper aims to formulate an acceleration strategy for addressing RTLH through the reform of data governance that is accurate, efficient, and accountable. Using Eugene Bardach’s (2012) policy analysis framework to evaluate alternative solutions based on technical feasibility, economic viability, political acceptability, and administrative operability, this study identifies the transformation of intervention mechanisms based on the National Integrated Socio-Economic Data (Data Tunggal Sosial Ekonomi Nasional/DTSEN) as the most appropriate policy option. To ensure long-term sustainability, the paper recommends a Phased Convergence Strategy, whereby data cleansing and matching processes based on DTSEN are implemented at the upstream level and subsequently integrated into the “One Data RTLH Sikka” digital platform in the medium term. This operational strategy is further strengthened through the enactment of a Regent Regulation (Peraturan Bupati) on Data Governance and the Mechanism for Determining Eligible Beneficiaries of Decent Housing Assistance, providing a legally binding framework for policy implementation. By positioning village and urban ward governments as the frontline actors in conducting by-name-by-address (BNBA) field verification, the policy minimizes the risks of inclusion and exclusion errors, eliminates budget overlaps, and optimizes local innovative programs such as the TERKASIH House Assistance Scheme (Terima Kunci Siap Huni – “Receiving the Key to a Ready-to-Occupy House”). The implementation of these recommendations is expected to promote data-driven governance that accelerates the reduction of extreme poverty and enhances the effectiveness of housing assistance programs in Sikka Regency.

Village governance plays an important role in supporting the effectiveness of development planning and improving community welfare. This study aims to analyze financial management governance and the process of preparing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBKal) in Kalurahan Poncosari, Bantul Regency, for the 2025 fiscal year. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, involving in-depth interviews with key informants and documentation analysis of relevant regulations and financial reports. The results show that financial management in Kalurahan Poncosari has been implemented systematically through the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability in accordance with applicable regulations. The planning process is conducted in a participatory manner through tiered community deliberations, such as hamlet-level deliberations and village development planning deliberations, involving residents. In addition, the use of digital systems such as E-RAB and Siskeudes supports transparency and administrative order. However, challenges remain, including limited budget flexibility due to mandatory programs from central and regional governments, limited human resource capacity, and shifts in community participation patterns. In conclusion, the governance of APBKal in Kalurahan Poncosari demonstrates compliance and accountability; however, improvements in administrative capacity and fiscal flexibility are needed to better respond to community needs.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of students' physical fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the pandemic based on VO2 Max values. The research sample amounted to 100 students who had physical fitness data in two observation periods, namely during the pandemic and after the pandemic. Fitness measurements were carried out using the Beep Test (Multi-Stage Fitness Test / MSFT) to obtain a VO2 Max value. The results of the study showed that the average VO2 Max of students during the pandemic was 35 ml/kg/minute, while after the pandemic it increased to 42 ml/kg/minute. An increase of 7 ml/kg/min indicates a recovery in the student's aerobic capacity after returning to normal physical activity. Students who remained active in exercise during the pandemic showed better levels of fitness than students who did little physical activity. In addition, psychological factors, social support, and the availability of sports facilities also affect changes in students' physical fitness. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has been proven to have an impact on the decline in students' physical fitness, but these conditions can be restored through increased physical activity, environmental support, and structured physical education programs in the post-pandemic period.

The expansion of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the food service sector presents a significant opportunity to simultaneously advance entrepreneurial development and address food security challenges among Indonesia’s urban population. This study conducts a comprehensive feasibility assessment of an MSME-based ready-to-eat (RTE) food security catering business, evaluating its viability across five dimensions: market, technical, organizational, financial, and social-environmental feasibility. A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed, incorporating primary data collected from 200 prospective consumers and five MSME catering operators in the Bandung metropolitan area, supplemented by secondary data from industry reports and government statistics. Financial feasibility was evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) analyses over a five-year projection horizon. Results indicate strong market demand, with 82.5% of surveyed consumers expressing interest in subscribing to healthy RTE catering services. Financial projections reveal a positive NPV of IDR 127,450,000, an IRR of 38.7% exceeding the cost of capital at 12%, a payback period of 2.4 years, and a BCR of 1.82, collectively affirming financial viability. The study concludes that an MSME-based RTE food security catering business is feasible and commercially promising, with important implications for MSME development policy, food security programs, and entrepreneurship support frameworks in Indonesia.

Effective communication is essential for teamwork effectiveness in healthcare, particularly in inpatient units where patient care requires coordination among multiple professionals. Internal data from Hospital X showed that more than 50% of medical incidents in the last two years were related to miscommunication among healthcare workers. In addition, the 2024 employee satisfaction survey reported that workplace communication satisfaction was only 62%, below the hospital target of 75%. This study aimed to examine the influence of effective communication on teamwork effectiveness with interprofessional collaboration as an intervening variable at Hospital X.This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 226 healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and medical support staff. Data were analyzed using the Three-Box Method and PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effective communication significantly influenced teamwork effectiveness both directly and indirectly through interprofessional collaboration. Interprofessional collaboration also acted as a significant mediating variable between communication and teamwork effectiveness. These results indicate that communication is a key foundation for strengthening collaboration and improving teamwork in hospitals. Therefore, hospitals should enhance communication training and interprofessional collaboration programs to improve healthcare quality and patient safety

World Health Organization (WHO) reports that immunization is able to prevent approximately 3–5 million deaths each year; however, a number of children still do not receive optimal immunization coverage due to insufficient parental knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education on improving mothers’ knowledge regarding early childhood immunization in RW 04, Kertamaya Subdistrict, Bogor City, in 2026. This study employed a pre- experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach involving 30 respondents. Knowledge levels were measured using a questionnaire before and after the health education intervention and analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in mothers’knowledge levels before and after the health education intervention (p = 0.029). In addition, the proportion of respondents with good knowledge increased from 76.7% in the pre-test to 93.3% in the post-test. These findings demonstrate that health education has a significant effect on improving mothers’ knowledge and can serve as an effective promotive intervention to support the success of community-level immunization programs.

Stunting remains a persistent nutritional challenge that threatens human capital development in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, female education, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, inadequate food consumption, and poverty on stunting prevalence across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2024. The study employs a random-effects Panel EGLS estimator with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to address heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in provincial panel data. The findings reveal that exclusive breastfeeding, female education, and adequate sanitation significantly reduce stunting prevalence, while poverty significantly increases it. Interestingly, inadequate food consumption is negatively associated with stunting prevalence, potentially reflecting the contribution of government nutritional assistance and social protection programs. In contrast, access to safe drinking water does not show a statistically significant effect. Among the explanatory variables, female education is strongly associated with reductions in stunting. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening women’s education, improving sanitation quality, and expanding poverty-alleviation and nutrition-sensitive interventions to accelerate reductions in stunting and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Indonesia.

Scientific writing is one of the essential skills that college students need to support research activities and the development of knowledge. However, students still encounter various challenges during the writing process. This study aimed to identify students’ responses toward scientific activities at FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya and to examine the difficulties experienced by students in preparing scientific papers. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method using a purposive sampling technique. The research subjects consisted of 36 students from various study programs at FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya who had been involved in research activities and scientific proposal writing. Data were collected through student response questionnaires consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and narrative descriptions. The results showed that most students had understood the existing student research programs and were familiar with the use of research guidelines. However, students still faced difficulties in systematically organizing research ideas, determining research variables and methods, finding relevant literature reviews, and connecting theories from various references. In addition, time management and the use of citation management applications were also obstacles for some students. Therefore, more structured assistance is needed through scientific writing training, reference searching training, and the use of citation management applications to improve the quality of students’ scientific writing.

The completeness of nursing care documentation serves as a primary indicator of hospital service quality and remains a critical component of patient safety, clinical communication, and legal accountability. Despite its importance, empirical evidence from various healthcare facilities indicates that nursing records are frequently suboptimal, incomplete, or inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the complex interrelationships between burnout and coaching on the completeness of nursing care documentation, specifically examining the role of nursing competence as a mediating (intervening) variable at the Dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid General Hospital in Bekasi City. Utilizing a quantitative research framework with a cross-sectional design, this study sampled practicing nurses stationed across inpatient and intensive care units. Primary data were gathered through a validated, structured questionnaire designed to measure psychological burnout, the frequency of clinical coaching, perceived professional competence, and the objective completeness of documentation. The data were subjected to rigorous analysis using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the hypothesized pathways within the conceptual model. The results demonstrated that burnout exerts a significant negative influence on both nursing competence and the quality of documentation, suggesting that emotional exhaustion hinders professional performance. Conversely, systematic coaching was found to have a significant positive impact, directly improving both competence levels and documentation adherence. Critically, the analysis confirmed that nursing competence acts as a vital intervening variable; it effectively mediates and strengthens the influence of both burnout reduction and coaching interventions on the overall completeness of nursing care records. This study concludes that proactive burnout management and the institutionalization of structured coaching programs are essential strategic priorities. By addressing these factors, hospital management can enhance individual nurse competence, thereby ensuring high-quality, comprehensive nursing documentation that supports patient safety and institutional integrity.

This study aims to examine the role of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers in shaping students’ Islamic character through a character education approach. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research design by reviewing various literature sources, including books, journal articles, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers play a strategic role as educators, mentors, role models, facilitators, and guides in instilling Islamic character values in students from an early age. These values include honesty, discipline, responsibility, patience, empathy, humility, gratitude, mutual respect, cooperation, and obedience to Islamic teachings. The formation of Islamic character is carried out through classroom learning activities, daily habituation, exemplary behavior demonstrated by teachers, and various religious programs integrated into school life, such as congregational prayers, Qur’an recitation, and Islamic celebrations. In addition, teachers collaborate with parents and the school environment to create a consistent and supportive atmosphere for character development. The study concludes that the success of Islamic character education at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level is strongly influenced by the consistency, commitment, and quality of teachers’ roles in carrying out their educational responsibilities and serving as positive examples for students in everyday life.

This study aims to analyze natural resource management strategies within the framework of sustainable development administration in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and policy analysis methods, the research evaluates existing regulations, institutional capacities, and the effectiveness of policy implementation in ensuring resource sustainability. The study examines a range of policy instruments, from sectoral regulations and decentralization mechanisms to community-based programs. Findings reveal that regulatory fragmentation, weak inter-agency coordination, limited local government capacity, and suboptimal governance practices constitute the primary challenges to sustainable natural resource management. The research affirms that an integrated and collaborative approach encompassing ecological, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. Policy recommendations include regulatory reform, institutional strengthening, indigenous community empowerment, development of integrated monitoring systems, and mainstreaming sustainability principles throughout the national and regional development planning cycles.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of East Flores Regency in managing the eruption disaster of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki during the pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster phases. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 18 informants from BPBD and affected communities in Wulanggitang and Ile Bura Sub-districts. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that during the pre-disaster phase, BPBD implemented preparedness measures through disaster-prone area mapping, the establishment of Disaster Preparedness Teams and Disaster-Resilient Villages, public outreach, and the use of local wisdom. However, outdated contingency plans, limited early warning systems, weak relocation efforts, and low public awareness contributed to panic and casualties during the eruption. In the emergency response phase, BPBD successfully coordinated evacuation efforts, established emergency posts, and distributed logistics effectively. Nevertheless, displaced communities experienced discomfort due to prolonged emergency conditions and limited fulfillment of basic needs in temporary shelters. In the post-disaster phase, BPBD conducted rehabilitation and reconstruction through transportation recovery, trauma healing programs, and permanent housing development based on the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Plan (R3P). However, limited funding and delays in reconstruction processes remained major challenges. Therefore, improving coordination, institutional capacity, disaster communication, and community participation is essential for effective disaster management.

The development of fine motor skills and collaborative character is an essential foundation during the golden age period to support children’s academic readiness and social development. However, learning stimulation at Tamalate State Kindergarten is still largely dominated by conventional methods that lack variety and interactive activities. This community service program aims to implement constructive Straw Connectorsmedia as an innovative learning solution to stimulate children’s fine motor skills and cooperative character. The implementation methods included teacher workshops, classroom application with students through collaborative constructive play activities, and evaluation of learning achievements. The findings revealed a significant improvement in children’s fine motor skills, with the average score increasing from 1.67 in the Pre-Test to 3.27 in the Post-Test. Furthermore, 60% of the children achieved the Very Well Developed (BSB) category in collaborative character development. Through the use of Straw Connectorsmedia, students were able to create complex architectural products such as construction bridges and windmills. The study concludes that Straw Connectorsmedia is effective in improving visual-motor coordination, creativity, and collaborative skills while fostering social empathy through interdependent interaction among children during the learning process.

Rapid developments in digital technology have had a significant impact on students’ lives, particularly in the use of social media and excessive consumption of digital content. The phenomenon known as Brain rot has become a growing concern because it can affect students’ concentration, learning motivation, and quality of thinking. This study aims to provide education regarding the impact of brain rot on students’ concentration and learning motivation in the digital era. The activities were carried out through counseling methods, interactive discussions, and mentoring for junior high school students. The materials presented included the definition of brain rot, the effects of excessive digital media use, the importance of learning time management, and strategies to improve learning focus. The results of the activity showed that students gained a better understanding of the negative impacts of uncontrolled digital media use. In addition, students began to realize the importance of limiting gadget use and increasing productive learning activities. This educational program also helped raise students’ awareness of the importance of maintaining mental health and cognitive abilities amid the rapid development of digital technology. Through this educational activity, students are expected to use technology wisely so that their concentration and learning motivation can improve optimally. Educational programs regarding brain rot need to be carried out continuously as part of strengthening digital literacy within the school environment.