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The community-based mentoring program for housewives in health fund planning aims to improve family financial management skills and promote sustainable financial independence. Many families, especially those from lower-income communities, lack awareness and preparedness in allocating funds for health needs. This often leads to financial difficulties when urgent medical expenses arise. Through a community-based approach, this program provides training, group discussions, and practical simulations for housewives on how to manage and plan health funds effectively. The results show a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills in family financial management related to health. Additionally, the establishment of community savings groups has fostered solidarity and mutual financial support among members. This program demonstrates that empowering housewives through community participation can strengthen household economic resilience and encourage greater community self-reliance in managing health funds.

Women are an interesting subject of analysis in the media, especially in films. The status of single women, meaning those without a partner, is often accompanied by negative stigma and social pressure to meet societal expectations. This phenomenon is often perceived as a failure to fulfill one's expected role, thereby creating various challenges for single women. This study aims to examine the representation of singlewomen through the character Lainy in the film Kinda Pregnant, exploring how Lainydeals with social stigma and pressure related to her status. Using Stuart Hall's theory of representation, this study applies a descriptive qualitative method and a semiotic approach developed by Roland Barthes. This study analyzes 12 selected scenes to identify relevant themes, such as expectations, reproductive myths, social pressure, and negative stereotypes faced by single women. The analysis reveals that single women are often labeled as “old maids” and compared to the ideal married woman. In this context, Lainy is depicted as struggling against societal expectations regarding marriage and motherhood, while striving to find self-acceptance amid the stigma attached to her status. This study aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by single women in social and cultural contexts, emphasizing the importance of solidarity among women.

This research is driven by the prevalence of patriarchal perspectives within the Christian theological tradition, which frequently marginalises the role of women. Contemporary feminist theology emerges in this context as a critical effort to reinterpret women’s experiences of faith and suffering in light of God’s liberating love. This study analyses the martyrdom of the Virgin Mary and Neerja Bhanot as examples of witnessing to faith and humanity, affirming the spiritual power and courage of women in the face of patriarchal structures. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method, adopting a literature review approach to the Holy Scriptures, church documents and feminist theological literature. The results show that Mary’s martyrdom reflects quiet, prophetic faithfulness as a white martyr, while Bhanot displays universal humanitarian martyrdom. Both reveal a God who is present in love and solidarity with human suffering. This research affirms that feminist theology is a reflective praxis of liberation, demanding a transformation in the Church’s and society’s views on the dignity and role of women in the work of salvation.

This study investigates the occurrence and functions of nonstandard language variation in Instagram headlines posted by @folkative, a popular digital media account known for its creative use of informal language. Despite the growing attention to social media discourse, little research has focused on how nonstandard forms operate in short, attention-grabbing digital headlines. Guided by Labov’s (1972) variationist sociolinguistic framework, this study employs a descriptive qualitative method complemented by simple quantification. The data consist of headlines uploaded by @folkative throughout September 2025. The analysis reveals four main types of nonstandard variation: code-mixing, nonstandard spelling, colloquial expressions, and lexical innovation. Among these, code-mixing appears most frequently (33.93%). The use of nonstandard language is not arbitrary but rather reflects deliberate stylistic and social choices. These variations serve several communicative and pragmatic functions, including attracting readers’ attention, conveying humor, saving space within limited character counts, expressing solidarity with followers, and constructing a modern, cosmopolitan online identity. The findings demonstrate that nonstandard language in Instagram headlines contributes to meaning-making and audience engagement, showing how Indonesian users creatively manipulate linguistic resources to suit digital communication norms.

This study explores the practice of participatory communication and creative production implemented by the Anggrek Waste Bank along the Ciliwung River as an educational strategy for flood disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand how community-based waste management initiatives can serve as platforms for environmental learning and social empowerment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study investigates social dynamics, interaction patterns, and meanings constructed by residents through collaborative waste management and creative production activities. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that participatory communication is manifested not only in formal education, counseling, or campaigns, but also in everyday interactions, creative workshops, and collective community work. Creative products such as recycled crafts, soap made from used cooking oil, and eco enzymes function as symbolic communication media that persuasively convey ecological messages while providing tangible economic benefits. These practices foster a sense of ecological responsibility, strengthen social solidarity, and enhance community resilience to flooding. This study concludes that participatory communication integrated with creative production serves as an effective model for promoting sustainable behavior and community-based flood mitigation in urban environments.

This study examines youth slang (Jugendsprache) in the film Into the Beat (2020) through semantic and morphological approaches. The background of the research is based on the phenomenon of youth language development, which is dynamic, creative, and rich in socio-cultural meaning, yet often difficult for foreign speakers to understand. Youth language is chosen as the object of study because it reflects identity, group solidarity, and the communicative creativity of young people, and frequently appears in media, particularly films. The theoretical framework refers to experts’ perspectives on the characteristics of youth language, including the use of Anglicisms, abbreviations, metaphorization, and the formation of neologisms. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative, with data sources taken from the dialogues and subtitles of the film Into the Beat. The analysis is carried out based on Helmut Henne’s theory of youth language characteristics. The results reveal that youth slang in the film functions not only as a means of communication but also as a medium of emotional expression, lifestyle, and identity construction among German adolescents. Vocabulary such as alter, bro, krass, cool, and scheiße demonstrates creativity in morphological processes, including abbreviation, prefixation, and borrowing from foreign languages. The study concludes that youth slang plays an essential role in shaping characters, inter-character relationships, and the authenticity of the storyline. Furthermore, youth language reflects the evolving cultural and social dynamics of adolescents. This research is expected to contribute to linguistic studies, particularly semantics, and to serve as a valuable resource in German language learning by expanding vocabulary and fostering an understanding of authentic communication patterns among German teenagers.

This research is entitled Lopo as Symbol of Local Democracy in the Atoin Pah Meto indigenous Community” (Study of the Lopo Traditional House as a Symbol of Local Democracy in Saenam Village, Miomaffo Barat District, North Central Timor Regency). The main problem in this research is how Lopo as a symbol of local democracy in the lives of the Atoin Pah Meto indigenous community. The purpose of this research is to analyse and describe Lopo in the lives of the Atoin Pah Meto indigenous community. This research uses  qualitative methods. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and dokumentation with traditional leaders, religious leaders, village government officials, yo uth, womwn, and the community. Data analysis was conducted by systematically reviewing and interpreting field data. The finding reveal that lopo is not merely a place for storing harvests, but also serves as a central space for deliberation in resolving social, cultural, and political issues. It open structure without walls symblolizez valuesnof openness, equality, and participation. The local democratic values embodied in lopo include family values (mutual cooperation, solidarity, kinship), cultural values (traditional rituals, marriage, harvest celebrations), and political valuess (consensus, adherence to customary rules, and equality in decission making). Therefore, lopo is not only a cultural heritage but also a symbol of local democracy that strengthens the identity and social cohesion of the Atoin Pah Meto community.

This research is entitled "Theology of Embrace: Perspectives of Indonesian Christian Pastors on Concern for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People." The focus of the research is directed at how pastors of the Indonesian Christian Church (HKI) understand and respond to the presence of the LGBT community within the congregation, as well as how the concept of embrace theology can be implemented in Church services. The background of this research arises from the persistence of stigma, discrimination, and rejection of LGBT people in the church environment, which impacts their alienation from fellowship. This research method uses a qualitative with a descriptive approach, the researcher interviewed 10 HKI pastors in 9 regions to explore their perspectives. The results show that 3 HKI pastors still hold conservative views regarding LGBT, viewing it as behavior that is contrary to the values ​​of Christian faith. There are also 7 pastors who are starting to open themselves to embracing LGBT people through a more humane and compassionate pastoral approach. The concept of embrace theology according to Miroslav Volf is a relevant theological offer for creating an inclusive church space, solidarity, and relationship restoration. This research is expected to contribute to the church, especially HKI, in formulating pastoral policies that are fair, relevant, and in line with the values ​​of Christ's love for all people without exception.

Social media has transformed communication patterns, with TikTok emerging as a platform where interactions are highly expressive and multimodal. This study examines the role of emojis as politeness strategies in the comments section of TikTok influencers, focusing on how these visual symbols help maintain harmonious digital communication. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the researchers analyzed 20 emoji-containing comments from a high-engagement influencer video. The data were interpreted through Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, supplemented by the concept of multimodality. The findings indicate that emojis significantly support both positive and negative politeness strategies. Positive politeness was dominant (around 70%), often realized through empathy, humor, and solidarity-building emojis, while negative politeness was achieved through hedging, apologies, and respectful cues. Emojis also frequently softened bald-on-record statements and enabled off-record indirectness. The study concludes that emojis are crucial in enhancing politeness, enriching emotional expression, and fostering a sense of community in TikTok interactions, highlighting their importance in the evolving landscape of digital sociolinguistics.

This community engagement activity aims to introduce and promote Es Pisang Ijo, a traditional culinary delight from Makassar, to the mothers of Aisyiyah Ranting Suterejo in Surabaya. The program was implemented through the National KKN-Dik collaboration between Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar and Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. The method applied was a field study involving several stages—explanation, demonstration, and direct hands-on practice. The activity received a highly positive response, as participants were actively involved in every phase, showing enthusiasm and curiosity. The outcomes of this activity include improved culinary skills, strengthened cultural awareness, and the creation of new opportunities for micro-enterprise development rooted in traditional cuisine. Additionally, this program enhanced cross-cultural communication and strengthened social solidarity among Aisyiyah members. Es Pisang Ijo thus represents not only a dessert but also a symbol of togetherness, women’s empowerment, and cultural preservation. This initiative reaffirms Aisyiyah’s role as an empowered women’s community that contributes to economic independence and cultural resilience through traditional culinary innovation as a medium of empowerment and community development.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

This study examines the strategic role of euphemism in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, arguing that it was instrumental not only in managing collective grief but also in preserving the nation’s symbolic dignity. While much scholarship on the Gettysburg Address has concentrated on rhetorical artistry or historical significance (Wills, 1992; White, 2009), relatively few have analyzed it through the combined lens of sociolinguistics, specifically euphemism and face-work. Drawing on Allan and Burridge’s (2006) framework of euphemism and Goffman’s (1955) theory of face, this paper situates Lincoln’s speech within the broader sociolinguistic processes of healing, unity, and image restoration. Through a qualitative textual analysis, the study identifies three dominant euphemistic strategies: sanctification of sacrifice through sacred language, collectivization through inclusive pronouns, and redefinition of crisis as a “new birth of freedom.” These strategies operated at semantic, pragmatic, and sociopolitical levels to protect national face, transform perceptions of the Civil War, and realign public consciousness toward unity and resilience. Beyond historical interpretation, this research highlights the relevance of euphemism and face-work in contemporary political communication. Leaders in modern contextsfrom economic crises to global pandemics continue to rely on euphemistic  framing to manage uncertainty and inspire solidarity. By revisiting Lincoln’s address through this sociolinguistic perspective, the study demonstrates how language can simultaneously mitigate trauma, construct identity, and articulate a hopeful collective future.

This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of social entrepreneurship within the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Sumbawa Regency during the 2020–2025 period. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using in-depth interviews, field observations, and policy document analysis. The results indicate that social entrepreneurship in Sumbawa faces several constraints, including limited access to capital, low digital literacy, and inadequate business incubation and infrastructure support. Nevertheless, significant opportunities exist through local government policies, digital transformation, and growing consumer awareness toward sustainable local products. Cultural values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), solidarity, and self-reliance serve as key social capital in strengthening community-based entrepreneurship models. The study highlights the importance of a holistic and collaborative ecosystem approach among stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of social enterprises at the local level. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for inclusive policy formulation and capacity-building strategies for social entrepreneurs across Indonesia.

Gotong royong, or mutual cooperation, is a deeply rooted local cultural value in Indonesian society that plays a strategic role in strengthening social cohesion and promoting environmental consciousness. This study aims to explore and analyze the function of gotong royong in fostering social solidarity and raising community awareness of environmental sustainability through various communal activities. These activities include neighborhood cleaning, reforestation efforts, and participatory waste management, all of which require active involvement from community members. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research was conducted through field observations and in-depth interviews with residents actively engaged in gotong royong practices. The findings reveal that gotong royong serves as a powerful social mechanism that encourages a sense of togetherness, mutual aid, and shared responsibility among community members. These interactions help to solidify social bonds and create a collective spirit that is vital for social resilience. In addition to reinforcing social relationships, the practice of gotong royong significantly contributes to enhancing environmental awareness. Communities become more proactive in maintaining cleanliness, preserving green spaces, planting trees, and managing waste sustainably. The study concludes that gotong royong is not merely a traditional cultural practice, but also an effective and relevant instrument for promoting social and environmental well-being in contemporary society. Its continued integration into community development programs could further strengthen both social solidarity and environmental stewardship, making it a vital component in sustainable development initiatives. Therefore, revitalizing and institutionalizing gotong royong is essential for fostering holistic and inclusive community growth.

Multiculturalism is a view that recognizes and respects cultural diversity in social life, politics, and community values. This concept emphasizes the importance of recognizing differences in cultural identity as the basis for creating a harmonious, peaceful, and inclusive society. Historically, the idea of ​​multiculturalism emerged as a response to the melting pot paradigm in countries with high immigration rates, which tend to assimilate minority cultures into the dominant culture. Conversely, multiculturalism seeks to maintain the cultural identity of each group while building social cohesion within the framework of shared life. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach to examine the definition, history, and basic ideas of multiculturalism from various literature sources. The results of the study show that multiculturalism has a strong foundation in the principles of respect, tolerance, equal rights, and social justice in a pluralistic society. A deep understanding of this concept is very important in the context of a complex and diverse modern society, because it is able to strengthen mutual respect, build social solidarity, and maintain national unity amidst cultural, religious, and ethnic differences. Thus, multiculturalism is not only a social concept but also a cultural strategy for realizing a just and harmonious life together.

Students, as agents of change, play a significant role in instilling Islamic values and tolerance in a diverse society. One of the ways to implement these values is through the Student Creativity Week, which involves various educational, innovative, and collaborative activities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Student Creativity Week in realizing Islamic values and tolerance in Manik Maraja Village. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, involving the community participatively in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The results show that the Student Creativity Week successfully enhanced religious understanding among the youth, strengthened social solidarity, and fostered an inclusive attitude among residents. This program proved to be effective in building harmonious relationships among villagers and creating a more tolerant environment. Therefore, the Student Creativity Week program can be a collaborative community service model, with potential to be replicated in other villages to achieve sustainable social harmony.

The background to the Islamic concept as rahmatan lil alamin or mercy for all of nature has a broad and deep meaning. Islam is expected to make a positive contribution to all living creatures and ecosystems on earth, not just limited to Muslims. The challenges faced today, such as the social, economic and environmental crises, demand a deeper understanding and real application of this principle. However, in reality, the understanding and application of this concept is often limited or distorted, thus hampering Islam's role in creating a peaceful, just and prosperous life. The research aims to clarify and expand understanding of the concept of Islam as rahmatan lil alamin and to explore its application in the modern era. This research aims to explore the core values ​​of Islamic teachings that support this concept, including the principles of humanity, tolerance and solidarity. The methods used include literature studies, in-depth interviews with religious and community leaders, as well as case study analysis from various Islamic communities. The research results show that the application of Rahmatan Lil Alamin's values ​​can overcome various social challenges, such as intolerance and discrimination, as well as encourage interfaith dialogue. It is hoped that this research can provide insight and practical recommendations to strengthen the role of Islam in creating a more peaceful and just world

This study examines the role of BRICS—an intergovernmental organization consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—in fostering global cooperation and contributing to world economic stability. BRICS was founded as a strategic response to the dominance of Western financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which have long been criticized for their unequal representation and decision-making processes favoring developed economies. In this context, BRICS provides an alternative financial architecture through the creation of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), both of which serve as instruments to support development financing and ensure financial security for its members. Grounded in the frameworks of constructivism and soft power diplomacy, BRICS emphasizes the principles of equality, mutual respect, sustainable development, and South-South cooperation. These values are reflected in its policies and initiatives that prioritize inclusivity, fair participation, and collective growth, especially for developing nations often marginalized in the global economic order. By representing more than 40% of the world’s population and contributing approximately 23% of global GDP, BRICS demonstrates its capacity to shape the international system and establish a more balanced distribution of power and resources. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach based on secondary data, which is analyzed narratively to highlight the evolving dynamics of BRICS within the global economy. The findings indicate that BRICS has significant potential to challenge Western economic hegemony, enhance economic solidarity among emerging markets, and provide developing countries with greater opportunities for growth and cooperation. Ultimately, BRICS emerges not only as a counterweight to established global institutions but also as a transformative actor capable of reshaping the trajectory of international economic governance in the future.

The state has a mandate to guarantee citizens' freedom of expression by protecting symbolic representations in public spaces. However, legal construction in Indonesia tends to use the law as a tool to limit visual interpretation, including popular cultural symbols such as the One Piece flag. This study aims to explain two main aspects of the mechanism of symbol criminalization: the state's construction of symbols as threats without any basis in actual violations, and the political use of fear through the production of imaginary enemies. The research method employed a qualitative approach with a conceptual approach. The results show that the state's interpretation of visual symbols rests not on the legality of the action, but on controlling the potential meanings that develop outside the official narrative. Within this construction, the law operates as a filtering mechanism for forms of articulation deemed inconsistent with the state's ideological interests. This strategy shifts the focus from concrete violations to the surveillance of social imagination. Thus, the criminalization of symbols occurs not because of their factual content, but because they open up pathways of solidarity that cannot be institutionally controlled. A critical criminological approach demonstrates that the state uses the law to enforce symbolic domination through techniques of controlling meaning within a democratic regime that formally promises freedom of expression.