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This study examines the legal conflict between workers' wage claims and state tax obligations in bankruptcy proceedings under Indonesian law, focusing on the constitutional imperative to prioritize workers' rights. The Introduction contextualizes the tension between Article 95(4) of the Labor Law, which mandates wage prioritization, and tax legislation granting precedence to state claims, highlighting the landmark Constitutional Court Decision No. 67/PUU-XI/2013 that affirmed workers' constitutional rights to timely wages. Employing a Method of normative legal research, the analysis integrates statutory and case approaches, reviewing laws on bankruptcy (UU No. 37/2004), labor rights, and taxation, alongside judicial decisions and international frameworks like ILO Conventions No. 100 and 111. Results reveal that while the Constitutional Court’s decision established workers’ absolute priority over tax claims, regulatory disharmony persists due to conflicting provisions in the Tax Law (UU KUP) and the 2020 Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja), which ambiguously subordinates tax claims only to secured creditors. Discussion underscores the necessity for legal synchronization to align labor and tax regulations, ensuring compliance with Gustav Radbruch’s principles of legal certainty and Hans Kelsen’s normative hierarchy. The study advocates legislative reforms to codify workers’ priority in bankruptcy, drawing parallels with Malaysia’s Employment Act 1955 and France’s AGS system, which institutionalize wage protection. By addressing regulatory contradictions, Indonesia can harmonize constitutional mandates with fiscal policies, balancing social justice and economic stability.

The increasing use of gadgets among medical students raises concerns about the health impacts, especially on sleep quality and eye health. Medical students have a high intensity of digital device use due to academic demands, which has the potential to cause excessive exposure to blue light (blue light), sleep disturbances, and eye fatigue (eye strain). This study aims to explore the relationship between the duration of gadget use with sleep quality and eye strain in medical students and to understand the factors that strengthen or weaken its impact. The research method used is qualitative descriptive based on a literature study by reviewing literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant documents. The results of the study showed that exposure to blue light can reduce melatonin production, disrupt circadian rhythms, and cause sleep disorders such as insomnia. In addition, long-term use of gadgets without sufficient rest increases the risk of digital eye strain, characterized by symptoms such as dry eyes, blurring, pain, and headaches. Medical students who are susceptible to intensive exposure to digital screens are at higher risk of this disorder. In conclusion, there is a strong interconnection between gadget use, sleep quality, and eye fatigue. Preventive efforts such as screen time management, use of blue light filters, and education about healthy visual habits are important to maintain the health and productivity of medical students.

This study aims to understand the concept of takror learning in strengthening students' memorization, to examine the implementation of takror learning in strengthening the memorization of students in the tahfidz program of TPQ at the Great Mosque of Az-Zuhud, Petanahan, Kebumen, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of takror learning in the tahfidz program of TPQ at the Great Mosque of Az-Zuhud, Petanahan, Kebumen. This research uses a qualitative field method with interview and observation techniques. The results of the study indicate that the concept of takror learning implemented at the TPQ tahfidz program of the Great Mosque of Az-Zuhud, Petanahan, Kebumen is intended to strengthen students’ memorization. Takror learning is divided into two types: classical and individual. The process of takror learning also involves several stages. The takror learning implemented in the tahfidz program at TPQ of the Great Mosque of Az-Zuhud, Petanahan, Kebumen is carried out individually and classically. Individual learning is applie d after classical learning is completed, where students review their memorization and receive guidance from an ustadz (male teacher) or ustadzah (female teacher). Meanwhile, classical learning is conducted by collectively reviewing memorization in front of the ustadz or ustadzah. The factors supporting the implementation of takror learning there include time availability and the presence of PKBM (Community Learning Activity Center) activities. In contrast, the inhibiting factors are mostly related to age, which makes it difficult for students to manage their time during the learning process

Anxiety is a natural response that individuals may experience in response to situations that are perceived as potentially dangerous or threatening. It can be described as a state of apprehension or worry about the possibility of something undesirable happening. Adolescence is a transitional period filled with physical, emotional, and social changes, making it a stressful time. At this age, adolescents are not only developing physically, but also building their social and emotional identities. This study uses a library research approach, which is a research method carried out through tracing, reviewing, and analyzing relevant scientific literature sources. The results of this study indicate that cognitive therapy has been shown to play an important role in reducing anxiety levels in adolescents. This approach is a form of therapy that focuses on changing the way individuals think to influence their behavior and emotional responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating anxiety symptoms in adolescents.

The rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia makes good data management very important. If the data presented is inaccurate or irrelevant, this can make consumers feel dissatisfied, and even lose trust in the platform. This study aims to see the extent to which data quality affects consumer trust and satisfaction on e-commerce platforms. The method used in this research is a literature study, namely by collecting and reviewing various scientific sources such as journals, books, and articles that discuss e-commerce, data quality, and consumer behavior. This study does not use field data, but focuses on the discussion of relevant previous studies. The results of the study show that good data quality such as accurate, complete, and appropriate data for consumer needs can increase user trust and satisfaction. Therefore, e-commerce platforms need to pay attention to good and transparent data management in order to maintain long-term relationships with their customers.

The era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 brings significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Islamic educational institutions, as vital entities in shaping the character and knowledge of younger generations, are required to undergo digital transformation to improve governance and management quality. Management Information Systems (MIS) serve as a primary tool that can integrate administrative processes, data management, and decision-making effectively, efficiently, and accountably. This study discusses the optimization of MIS in strengthening the governance of Islamic educational institutions, focusing on the challenges and opportunities faced in this era of advanced technology. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, reviewing literature and previous studies concerning MIS and the management of Islamic educational institutions amidst digital technological dynamics. The findings indicate that optimizing MIS demands developing human resource capacities, improving technological infrastructure, and fostering an organizational culture adaptive to digital change. Although challenges such as infrastructure limitations, cultural resistance, and data security issues exist, opportunities arising from technologies like cloud computing and big data pave the way for more modern and competitive institutional management. Strengthening governance through MIS not only enhances efficiency but also supports accountability and transparency in line with Islamic values that emphasize honesty and responsibility. Thus, optimizing MIS is a key strategy to ensure Islamic educational institutions can adapt and thrive in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 era.

Negligence in pharmaceutical services is a multifaceted issue that significantly impacts patient safety, the quality of healthcare delivery, and the professional reputation of pharmacists in Indonesia. Such negligence can occur at various stages of pharmaceutical services, including prescribing, dispensing, storage, and administration of medication to patients. The causes of negligence are diverse, encompassing excessive workload, inadequate understanding and application of professional ethical codes, ineffective communication between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, and suboptimal supervisory and audit systems. This study aims to analyze the ethical and professional implications of negligence in pharmaceutical services and to identify preventive efforts that can improve the quality of pharmaceutical services. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach, thoroughly reviewing scientific literature indexed in Sinta and other reputable academic sources to analyze the ethical and professional implications of negligence in pharmaceutical services. Findings reveal that negligence not only violates core professional ethical principles such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice but also exposes pharmacists to serious legal and disciplinary sanctions. Furthermore, negligence leads to long-term negative consequences, including diminished public trust in pharmaceutical services and the broader healthcare system, ultimately hindering national efforts to improve healthcare quality. Therefore, this study recommends continuous professional ethics training, strengthening of both internal and external supervisory mechanisms, and the innovative use of information technology to minimize negligence risks in pharmaceutical practice. The implementation of these measures is expected to enhance pharmaceutical service quality, uphold the integrity and dignity of the pharmacist profession, and provide optimal patient protection in Indonesia.

This study explores the strategies and effectiveness of the recovery of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City following the COVID-19 pandemic. By reviewing recent scholarly articles, it examines the roles of government policies, digital transformation, product diversification, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in supporting MSME sustainability. The review findings show that economic stimulus policies such as cash assistance, credit relaxation, and digital training significantly impact the resilience and growth of MSMEs. Moreover, MSMEs' adaptation to technology and the role of communities further strengthen local economic resilience. This study contributes to the literature on regional economic recovery and serves as a foundation for data-driven policy-making.

This article examines the roles and applications of various types of psychological tests in personality assessment, particularly contrasting projective tests with objective tests. Psychological tests are not intended to determine pass or fail outcomes, but rather to gain a deep understanding of an individual’s psychological aspects. Projective tests, such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), are utilized to reveal latent personality traits through ambiguous stimuli. In contrast, objective tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) are designed to produce consistent and quantifiable data. This study employed a library research method, reviewing both primary and secondary sources to provide a comprehensive overview. In counseling practice, the choice of psychological test depends on the assessment goals and the client's conditions. The article emphasizes the necessity for professional competence and ethical considerations, including cultural sensitivity and the ability to accurately interpret test results.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

The era of disruption marked by the rapid development of technology and information brings serious challenges to the world of education, especially in shaping the faith and morals of students. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has a strategic role in protecting students from the negative influences of this era, through strengthening faith in Allah SWT as the main foundation for character formation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of faith in shaping the faith and morals of students in the midst of the flow of disruption. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, reviewing various scientific literature, journals, and relevant documents. The results of the study show that strong faith is the main driver in the commendable behavior of students and a shield against moral relativism and social deviation. Religious education must be integrated comprehensively into the curriculum, teacher training, and learning environments that support the internalization of divine values. In conclusion, strengthening faith in Allah is very urgent as a basis for forming strong faith and morals in facing the challenges of the era of disruption.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

The No Smoking Area (KTR) is a form of protection for the community from the adverse effects of smoking, which is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016. This study aims to analyse the implementation of the KTR policy in the Regional Apparatus Organisation (OPD) of Merangin Regency by reviewing four aspects of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of OPD parties involved in the implementation of KTR. The results showed that in the communication aspect, KTR policies have been socialised through print and electronic media, but delivery training has not been carried out optimally. In the resource aspect, limited human resources, funds, and facilities are the main obstacles in implementing KTR. In the disposition aspect, most OPDs show commitment in implementing KTR, but have not been supported by providing incentives or awards. In the aspect of bureaucratic structure, there is no special SOP or organisational structure in each OPD for KTR implementation, so the implementation is still not running optimally. In conclusion, the implementation of the KTR policy in Merangin Regency has not run optimally because there are still weaknesses in the four aspects, especially related to coordination, human resources, and supporting institutions.

This critically discusses the role of literary appreciation and criticism in enhancing the quality of literary works by thoroughly reviewing existing practices and theories. Through a qualitative analysis approach, this study highlights how appreciation and criticism not only function as passive responses to works but also as active instruments that shape the quality and innovation of literature. This paper recommends the reconstruction of a more integrated and reflective paradigm of literary appreciation and criticism to significantly contribute to the improvement of literary quality.

The use of GeoGebra-assisted interactive e-modules in mathematics learning has great potential to improve students' concept understanding through dynamic and interactive visualization. This study aims to provide a bibliometric review of 20 publications over the period 2018-2024, with two main focuses: (a) reviewing the growth trajectory of studies on the use of GeoGebra in interactive e-modules; and (b) identifying the themes and topics that appear most frequently in related publications. The study was conducted using bibliometric methods on 20 selected publications during 2018-2024. Data was obtained from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish application and analyzed using VOSviewer. The results show an increasing trend of publications since 2021. Themes such as mathematical representation and interactive learning dominate, while topics such as media validity and integration in learning models are still rarely discussed. These findings provide an important basis for the development of technology-based learning media as well as a direction for future research to be more focused and innovative. This study supports the development of technology-based digital learning media.

This research aims to find out how Microsoft Mathematics can serve as a supporting media in developing students' mathematics learning. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used in this study by reviewing various relevant scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. The researcher took 10 main articles to be thoroughly analyzed. The selection of literature was done through several stages, namely identification, screening, feasibility test, and data synthesis, using predetermined inclusion and exclusion standards. The results of the analysis showed that the use of Microsoft Mathematics can improve understanding of mathematical concepts, problem-solving skills, and learning motivation. In addition, due to its interactive features, such as equation solver, scientific calculator, and 2D/3D graphs, this program is considered effective in visualizing abstract mathematical concepts.

Stunting is a failure to achieve physical development measured by weight for age. The limitation of stunting is height according to age based on Z-score equal to or less than -2SD (Standard Deviation) below the standard average. In 2005 - 2011 Indonesia ranked fifth with the highest prevalence of stunting. The purpose this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. This study used a literature review method conducted by searching for relevant journals trough Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed and DOAJ database. Inclusion criteria for reviewing the content of references in English and Indonesia publish in the last ten years. Research result from various literatures show that research finding from various sources indicate that the factor influencing stunting toddler aged 24-59 months include maternal knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, and disease history.

In the course of its long history, Islam in the archipelago has brought significant transformations in the way religious knowledge is delivered and learned. Literacy in pesantren has evolved from the traditional form of the yellow book to digital formats such as ebooks. In the 16th century, the yellow book emerged in the context of the archipelago as a very important cultural heritage of literacy in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. The yellow book is characterized by the yellowish color of the paper and is often referred to as al-kutub al-qadimah, which means classical or ancient books. Nahwu and Sharaf are two fundamental pillars of Arabic grammar that are essential for mastery of the language. Nahwu focuses on the structure of sentences as well as the function of words in the context of the sentence, while Sharaf studies changes in word forms and the process of derivation. These two disciplines complement each other in building a thorough understanding of the Arabic language. According to an article on Kompasiana, Nahwu and Sharaf materials are very integral in learning Arabic, similar to the role of grammar in English. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library research method that aims to explore in depth various literatures related to Islamic character building in the digital era. Data collection is done by reviewing secondary sources, including books, scientific journals, academic articles, and documents.

Online lending has become an increasingly popular financial solution in Indonesia, providing easy access to funds for people who are not fully served by traditional financial institutions. Despite offering many conveniences, the rapid growth of online lending brings various risks, such as the rise of illegal online loans, high interest rates, and the potential misuse of users' personal data. This research aims to analyze consumer protection in online loan transactions, by reviewing existing regulations, such as Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection, OJK Regulation No. 77/Pojk.01/2016, and the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach that prioritizes legal materials in the form of laws and regulations as the main reference. Data collection techniques are carried out through library research, analyzing relevant regulations and related literature. The results show that although these regulations already exist, the implementation of supervision and law enforcement is still weak, resulting in many violations harming consumers. Stricter supervision from OJK, strict sanctions against illegal fintech providers, and increased education to the public about their rights as consumers are needed. With more effective supervision and clearer regulations, it is hoped that the online lending industry can develop healthily and provide benefits without harming consumers.

Indonesia adheres to a democratic government system that relies on the principle of checks and balances. This principle is inherent in the legislative institution, namely the DPR, which has the right to carry out its duties, one of which is the right to inquiry. In the election context, the right to inquiry can be used to investigate fraud or violations that occur in the election administration process. However, the use of the right to inquiry currently still raises pros and cons among the public. In response to this, this research aims to understand the juridical considerations regarding the right to inquiry in holding elections and analyze the influence of the right to inquiry on elections. The method used in this research is descriptive normative law by studying or reviewing primary and secondary legal materials. This research shows that the DPR’s right to inquiry cannot influence or cancel the election results. However, the DPR’s right to inquiry can be used to request information from the government regarding the implementation of elections.