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This study examines the legality of on-street parking levy practices in Kupang City from a constitutional law perspective, with a primary focus on the application of the legality principle. The background of this research stems from a significant discrepancy between the legal norms established in statutory regulations and the empirical administrative practices occurring in the field. Identified issues include the collection of levies without official tickets, the lack of clarity regarding the identity and legal status of collection officers, and the inconsistent and non-transparent application of parking tariffs. This research employs a normative-empirical legal method by applying statutory, conceptual, and empirical approaches through limited field observations. The findings indicate that although the Kupang City Government formally possesses the attribution of authority to collect parking levies, the implementation frequently deviates from the established legal procedures. Such deviant practices potentially constitute ultra vires actions and violate the principle of due process of law in government administration. This study concludes that the substantive legality of parking levies in Kupang City has not been fully realized, thereby undermining legal certainty and public trust in the legitimacy of local governance. The implications of this research emphasize the imperative for comprehensive reform of the supervision system and stricter enforcement of administrative procedures to ensure the rule of law at the local level.

The legal culture of society is a fundamental element in the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL). The success of this program is not only determined by government policies but also by the awareness, compliance, and participation of the community in registering their land. The research method is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. This study uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The research results indicate that legal culture plays an important role in the success of the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) as an effort acceleration of land registration. The legal culture reflected in the extent to which the community is willing to voluntarily register their land and follow the established procedures. Efforts to improve legal culture can be carried out through legal socialization and counseling, participatory approaches, increased transparency of officials, cultural approaches, as well as the utilization of digitization of land services. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, especially the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), together with local governments Intensifying the activities of socialization and legal counseling to the community continuously in an informative, persuasive, and educative manner as well as strengthening the role of field implementing officers by emphasizing the principles of transparency, accountability, and responsive public service. The government is also advised to optimize approaches based on local wisdom and to utilize digital technology in the land registration process to facilitate community access.

The hospitality industry is a dynamic sector that demands housekeeping staff to have high adaptability to changes in technology, operational procedures, and guest expectations. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace adaptability training in increasing the understanding and adaptation readiness of housekeeping staff at PT X. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test model. Training participants included various job levels, from staff to supervisors. The intervention was carried out through the delivery of conceptual material, discussion of operational case studies, and online reflective sessions. The comparative test results showed a significant difference between the participants' level of understanding before and after the training. All participants experienced a consistent increase in scores, indicating that this training was effective in building employees' cognitive capacity and adaptive behavior. However, the effectiveness of this training needs to be supported by inclusive organizational policies, fair compensation systems, and protection against work risks to reduce the turnover rate of new and daily workers. The study concludes that adaptability training is a vital investment for hotel operational resilience amidst market dynamics.

The hospitality industry is a strategic sector within the global tourism system that heavily depends on service quality and food safety assurance. In hotel operations, the pastry division represents a high-risk unit due to the use of perishable ingredients and intensive manual handling processes. This study aims to analyze the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices in the Pastry Division of Hotel Aruss Semarang in supporting food safety standards within the hospitality industry. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, including Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), sanitation checklists, and temperature control records. Data validity was strengthened through triangulation and member checking, while thematic analysis was used to identify key implementation patterns. The findings indicate that the implementation of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) has generally complied with most of the requirements of Good Processed Food Manufacturing Practices (CPPOB). The availability of sanitation facilities, periodic medical check-ups, equipment maintenance, and FIFO-based storage systems demonstrate management commitment to preventive risk control. However, inconsistencies in handwashing practices and minor construction details that do not fully meet hygienic design standards indicate areas requiring improvement. Overall, hygiene and sanitation implementation in the Pastry Division has been effective in supporting food safety. Strengthening behavioral compliance, continuous training, and facility optimization are recommended to achieve a more sustainable and comprehensive food safety management system.

The study of takhrij al-hadith plays a crucial role in hadith scholarship, involving the tracing of transmission sources and evaluating the authenticity of sanad and matn through systematic analysis. In contemporary studies, differences in scholars’ approaches have led to variations in hadith classification and epistemological orientation. However, comparative research examining methodological criticism, epistemological foundations, and operational procedures of modern takhrij remains limited. This study aims to critically compare the methodologies of Muḥammad Nāṣiruddīn al-Albānī and Muqbil bin Hādī al-Wādiʿī, focusing on their evaluation of sanad and matn. Using a qualitative approach with an integrative literature review, this research analyzes primary works and relevant academic sources. The findings reveal three main epistemological patterns: independent reasoning through cross-narration, methodological caution based on classical authority, and a shared reliance on jarḥ wa taʿdīl. These differences influence hadith classification and reflect varying depths of criticism. The study shows that contemporary hadith criticism forms an epistemological spectrum rather than a strict methodological divide. It also highlights implications for religious practices, including the Megengan tradition in Java, which adapts to socio-economic contexts, and enriches comparative studies in hadith methodology.

Spinal anesthesia is one of the regional anesthesia methods that is often chosen in various surgical procedures, especially in the area of the lower extremities, pelvis, and lower abdomen. The most common complication encountered in this technique is the occurrence of hypotension, which can affect tissue perfusion and hemodynamic stability of the patient. This study aims to examine the incidence of hypotension in spinal anesthesia, including mechanisms, risk factors, and management. The method used in this study is literature review with a scientific source search process conducted through various databases PUBMED, Sciencedirect, Researchgate, and Google Scholar with a publication year range of 2016 to 2026. The results showed that hypotension arises as a consequence of an obstacle in the sympathetic nervous system, which provokes dilation of blood vessels as well as reduced venous return. Risk factors include age, body mass index, patient position, block height, duration of surgery, fluid status, Injection Point, and type of anesthetic drug used. Management is carried out by administering fluids, vasopressors, as well as strict hemodynamic monitoring. A good understanding of the risk factors and mechanisms of hypotension is expected to improve patient safety during spinal anesthesia..

Bullying in the school environment is a social health problem that has a massive impact on children’s physical, mental, and social well-being. As the primary educational environment, schools need to implement a structured, safe, and child-friendly bullying reporting system. Objective: This conceptual study aims to design the implementation of a bullying reporting system based on school health administration using the functional management approach: planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling (POAC). The methods and components of the reporting system are designed through the four POAC pillars, namely the establishment of an Anti-Bullying Team, the preparation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), the provision of child-friendly reporting media both physical and digital through the School Health Unit (UKS), and the development of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms (controlling). School health administration is used as an initial screening tool to identify indications of victim trauma discreetly and safely. The implementation of this POAC-based system is expected to improve the early detection of bullying cases, accelerate case handling responses, and eliminate stigma and fear of reporting among children. Conclusion: The integration of health administration and POAC management has proven to be a strong framework for creating a safe, inclusive school environment that strongly supports students’ mental health recovery.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy and the use of accounting information on the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), with financing as a moderating variable. The research sample consists of 100 MSME owners or managers located in Gresik City, specifically in Gresik, Kebomas, and Manyar Districts, selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with the assistance of SmartPLS software through a bootstrapping procedure and one-tailed testing. The results indicate that financial literacy and the use of accounting information have a positive and significant effect on MSME financial performance. In addition, financing is proven to strengthen the influence of financial literacy and accounting information on MSME financial performance. This study is expected to provide practical benefits for MSME actors in improving financial performance through better financial management and access to financing. The limitation of this study lies in the limited research area and the use of perception-based data.

Digital transformation in the public sector has driven various service innovations, including pension administration services for State Civil Apparatus (ASN). This study aims to analyze the development of digital-based public service innovations in pension administration and identify the benefits and challenges of their implementation. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by reviewing various relevant scientific articles from national journals that discuss the digitalization of public services and pension administration. The literature selection process was carried out systematically to identify, evaluate, and synthesize research findings related to digital-based pension service innovations. The review results indicate that digitalization of pension administration services through the use of electronic service applications and platforms can improve administrative efficiency, accelerate data verification and pension fund disbursement, and increase transparency and accountability in public services. The implementation of digital services also contributes to simplifying bureaucratic procedures and increasing service accessibility for retirees. However, the literature review also revealed challenges in implementing digital pension services, including low digital literacy among retirees, limited access to technological devices, and suboptimal dissemination of service information. The findings of this study indicate that the success of digital-based service innovations depends not only on technology, but also on human resource readiness, the organizational capacity of government institutions, and the level of public acceptance of the use of digital technology. Therefore, developing digital-based pension services requires a comprehensive strategy.

Digital transformation in the public sector has significantly driven service innovations, particularly in pension administration for Civil Servants (ASN). This study aims to analyze the development of digital-based public service innovations in pension administration while identifying the benefits and challenges associated with their implementation. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by examining relevant scholarly articles from national journals focusing on the digitalization of public services and pension systems. The literature selection process was conducted systematically to identify, evaluate, and synthesize key findings related to digital pension service innovations. The results indicate that digitalization through applications and electronic platforms enhances administrative efficiency, accelerates data verification, and improves the speed of pension fund disbursement. It also strengthens transparency and accountability while simplifying bureaucratic procedures and expanding service accessibility for retirees. However, several challenges remain, including low digital literacy among retirees, limited access to technological devices, and insufficient public awareness regarding digital service usage. The findings suggest that the success of digital-based public service innovations depends not only on technological availability but also on human resource readiness, institutional capacity, and the level of public acceptance. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is required, including improving digital literacy, strengthening information technology infrastructure, and optimizing communication efforts to ensure effective adoption.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-government in improving the quality of public services at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gresik Regency. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis focuses on the stages of e-government implementation, covering the dimensions of presence, interaction, and transaction in population administration services. The results indicate that the implementation of e-government at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gresik Regency has been carried out through the provision of digital information media, such as an official website and online-based population administration service applications. In the presence dimension, the local government provides various information related to population administration services, including requirements, procedures, service times, and the types of services available to the public. In the interaction dimension, the digital service system allows the public to communicate with the service office by submitting questions, complaints, or requests for information online. Meanwhile, in the transaction dimension, the public can submit requests for population documents, such as Family Cards, birth certificates, and other documents, through the digital service system. The implementation of e-government has positively impacted the efficiency, transparency, and ease of access to population administration services for the public. Therefore, the utilization of information technology in public services can serve as an important strategy for improving the quality of population administration services in local government.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern that significantly affects patients’ quality of life. At Bhakti Asih General Hospital, Tangerang, the number of hemodialysis patients increased by 20.42% and dialysis procedures by 25.06% between 2023 and 2024. Despite this service expansion, preliminary findings revealed that 32% of patients reported poor quality of life, 31% experienced low engagement in care, 34% demonstrated low self-efficacy particularly in dietary and fluid management and 32% faced accessibility barriers. These findings indicate a gap between increased service volume and patient-centered outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the effects of patient engagement and self-efficacy on the quality of life of hemodialysis patients, with healthcare accessibility as a mediating variable. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Active hemodialysis patients were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The results demonstrated that patient engagement and self-efficacy had significant positive effects on quality of life, both directly and indirectly through accessibility. Accessibility also significantly influenced quality of life and strengthened the relationships between patient engagement, self-efficacy, and quality of life.These findings highlight the importance of integrating patient engagement strategies, strengthening self-efficacy through education, and improving service accessibility to enhance quality of life among hemodialysis patients

This research aims to analyze the capacity building of government personnel in implementing the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) at the Department of Communication and Informatics of Gresik Regency, which plays a strategic role in digital governance. This study uses a qualitative approach focusing on capacity development strategies and constraints at individual and organizational levels. The findings show that capacity building is carried out through two main strategies: human resource development and organizational strengthening. In human resource development, the establishment and training of an internal assessor team serve as key instruments in supporting SPBE implementation. This team represents institutionalized capacity, enabling the organization to independently conduct monitoring, evaluation, and quality assurance processes in a sustainable manner. This approach reflects a long-term strategy to strengthen institutional independence and reduce reliance on external parties. In organizational strengthening, capacity building focuses on optimizing organizational structure, work systems, coordination mechanisms, and regulatory support, including standard operating procedures. However, several constraints were identified. At the individual level, there is an imbalance in technical competencies, especially in information technology skills. At the organizational level, the lack of optimal follow-up after training highlights the need for more integrated human resource planning. These findings indicate that capacity building in SPBE implementation requires a systemic, well-planned, and sustainable approach to achieve effective, adaptive, and responsive digital government governance in the public sector.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS), specifically on the topic of changes in the state of matter, by implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in Grade IV of SD GP Berea Tondano. The research followed a cyclical procedure consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This study employed a classroom action research design and was conducted during the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, testing, and documentation techniques, with 15 fourth-grade students serving as the research subjects. The findings revealed significant improvements across teacher activity, student activity, and learning completeness. Teacher performance in managing instruction improved notably, with an average observation score of 73 (good) in Cycle I, rising to 93 (excellent) in Cycle II. Student engagement in the learning process likewise increased, from an average of 68.26 (good) in Cycle I to 86.53 (excellent) in Cycle II. Student learning completeness also showed marked progress, with the average score reaching 46.77 (satisfactory) in Cycle I and advancing to 100 (excellent) in Cycle II. These results demonstrate that the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective in enhancing both student creativity and learning outcomes on the topic of changes in the state of matter.

The situations frequently faced by final-year students while preparing scientific papers often have an impact on their mental health and learning process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mozart music therapy in reducing stress among final-year students in the Diploma III Nursing Program at Abulyatama University. This study used a quantitative method with a one-group pre-Test and post-Test design. The population studied included all final-year students in the Diploma III Nursing Program at Abulyatama University, totaling 168 students. The sample consisted of 15 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was the DASS-42 questionnaire with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.8806, and Mozart classical music therapy was administered in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure sheet. This research was conducted from May 20 to May 23, 2025. Data analysis used the T-test. The results showed a decrease in the mean stress score from 26.07 (pre-Test) to 20.67 (post-Test), with a p-value = 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Mozart classical music therapy has an effect in reducing stress among final-year students during the process of writing scientific papers. It is expected that students can make Mozart classical music therapy a routine practice in daily life to maintain mental balance, and educational institutions are advised to organize Mozart classical music therapy programs regularly as a preventive effort against academic stress

This community service activity aims to strengthen government governance and adaptive digital human resource (HR) capacity of civil servants (ASN) in sub-districts of South Pontianak District, Pontianak City. The main problems identified through preliminary surveys were the low awareness and willingness of apparatuses to adapt to digital technology, as well as the absence of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) in internal administrative governance. Methods employed included reflective discussion, interactive lectures and discussions, and SOP drafting assistance. Evaluation was conducted using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product) along with pre-test and post-test instruments comprising 20 questions. The activity involved 18 apparatuses representing five sub-districts (Banua Melayu Darat, Banua Melayu Laut, Akcaya, Kota Baru, and Parit Tokaya) and one district representative. Results showed an increase in participants' average score from 75.00 (pre-test) to 86.47 (post-test), representing a 16% improvement. Additionally, the activity produced five internal administrative SOP documents and a Follow-Up Action Plan (RKTL) from each sub-district as a commitment to digital transformation implementation. In conclusion, education-based intervention and technical assistance proved effective in improving sub-district apparatus competency in supporting digital bureaucratic reform.

The protection of workers’ rights represents a constitutional mandate within Indonesia’s rule of law framework. Although the national labor law system provides a civil litigation mechanism through the Industrial Relations Court to resolve disputes, violations of workers’ rights still frequently occur in practice. This study aims to analyze, from normative and theoretical perspectives, the protection of workers’ rights through civil lawsuit mechanisms and to evaluate their effectiveness in achieving substantive justice. The research applies a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches to examine relevant legal provisions and their implementation. The findings reveal that the civil litigation mechanism provides a clear legal basis for workers to pursue claims and defend their rights. However, its effectiveness in practice remains limited due to several challenges, including structural constraints within the legal system, complex procedural requirements, and unequal bargaining power between workers and employers. These conditions often hinder workers from obtaining fair outcomes. Therefore, policy reform, simplification of legal procedures, and stronger access to justice are necessary to ensure more effective and substantive protection of workers’ rights in Indonesia.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect in manufacturing industries due to the high risk of workplace accidents caused by heavy machinery, chemical substances, and intensive production activities. Companies usually provide Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) as safety guidelines; however, SOPs are often delivered in long textual formats that are less engaging, making workers reluctant to read or difficult to understand quickly. This study aims to design an infographic-based SOP media as an effective visual communication tool to improve workers’ understanding of safety procedures. The research applies a qualitative method with a design approach through workplace observation, interviews with HSE personnel, literature review, and design validation using questionnaires. The results produce infographic media in the form of posters and signage presenting PPE usage procedures, hazard warnings, and evacuation steps using safety color codes, icons, and readable typography. The conclusion indicates that infographic SOP media is more effective than text-based SOP because it improves readability, comprehension, and workers’ memory of safety procedures.

Hysterectomy is a procedure performed to remove the uterus, either partially or completely. This surgery often causes psychological responses in the form of anxiety. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to overcome anxiety is Benson relaxation. The design used in this Final Nursing Scientific Paper is a case study using Benson relaxation intervention. Three respondents participated, and the intervention was carried out for two days preoperatively with three sessions, taking place in the Lukas Charitas Hospital Palembang room. After two days of Benson relaxation, changes in anxiety scores were obtained using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) questionnaire. At the final meeting, Mrs. E's anxiety decreased from 18 to 10, Mrs. H's from 16 to 7, and Mrs. S's from 13 to 7. There was a decrease in anxiety before and after Benson relaxation therapy was administered to all three respondents. The implementation of this EBP is expected to provide additional information regarding the provision of Benson relaxation in preoperative hysterectomy patients.

Surgery is a medical procedure performed by opening a part of the body and ending with the closure or suturing of the wound. This procedure often causes anxiety in preoperative patients. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to reduce anxiety is classical music therapy, which helps promote relaxation and supports the healing process. This study aims to determine the effect of classical music therapy on reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients in the implementation of nursing care. The method used was a case study design with a nursing care approach involving three preoperative patients experiencing anxiety. The intervention consisted of classical music therapy delivered through headphones for 5 minutes and administered twice to each respondent. The results showed that after receiving classical music therapy, the anxiety levels of all three patients decreased from severe anxiety with an average score of 19 to moderate to mild anxiety with scores ranging from 7–13. In addition, symptoms such as worry, restlessness, and tension also appeared to decrease after the intervention. It can be concluded that classical music therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients during the nursing care process. Therefore, nurses are expected to apply classical music therapy as one of the interventions for patients experiencing anxiety.