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This research discusses the potential and challenges of marine tourism development in Bantaeng Regency through a bottom-up analysis of maritime diplomacy in the policy domain of the marine tourism sector in Bantaeng, South Sulawesi. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach through secondary data analysis. The results show that the development of marine tourism in Bantaeng is supported by natural beauty, cultural diversity, and local government commitment through a bottom-up approach, which places the community as the main actor in sustainable tourism development. The research also identified a number of challenges, such as limited resources, low community awareness of tourism potential, and inconsistent community participation.

Globalization has transformed the way nations interact, bringing challenges in protecting the rights of cross-border groups such as migrants, international workers, and minorities. On one hand, globalization promotes closer international cooperation and strengthens the commitment to universal human rights. However, on the other hand, policies implemented by states often fail to align with these changes, creating various obstacles in efforts to protect vulnerable groups caught in different legal systems. This article explores the main challenges faced in protecting the rights of cross-border groups amid the dynamics of globalization. The research employs an in-depth literature review method, focusing on studies related to democratization, human rights, and the challenges encountered by cross-border groups. The findings reveal that, despite significant progress in the international framework on human rights, there remains a gap between policy and practical implementation that affects the protection of cross-border groups. This research also provides policy recommendations to help address these challenges in the era of globalization.

Domestic violence is a critical and increasing issue in Indonesia, as recorded by the National Commission on Violence Against Women. The government has addressed this issue by enacting Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence (UU KDRT). This study aims to analyze the legal protections provided to DV victims under the law, identify implementation challenges, and evaluate improvement efforts. Using a qualitative approach with normative juridical methods, the research examines the provisions of UU KDRT and its practical application. The findings reveal that despite comprehensive protections, barriers such as patriarchal culture, social stigma, and limited protective infrastructure significantly hinder effectiveness. Policy reform, capacity building for law enforcement, and strengthening victim support infrastructure are proposed as key strategies. The study highlights the importance of cross-sectoral synergy to enhance the implementation of UU KDRT and ensure more effective legal protection for DV victims.

The South China Sea dispute is one of the most complex and strategic geopolitical conflicts, involving rivalry between the United States and China, as well as a number of countries in the region. The strategic geographical position of the South China Sea as The strategic geographical position of the South China Sea as the world's main shipping lane, the wealth of natural resources such as oil and gas, and the overlapping claims over the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) make it an area with very high economic, political and military interests. From a political perspective, the conflict reflects a global power struggle, in which China is strengthening its claim through infrastructure development, military modernization, and an aggressive foreign policy under the leadership of Xi Jinping. under the leadership of Xi Jinping. On the other hand, the United States, along with strategic alliances such as the Quad, seeks to contain China's expansion by increasing its military presence in the Indo-Pacific region. This rivalry is exacerbated by regional dynamics involving ASEAN countries, as well as the struggle for global influence between the two major powers. This research analyzes the main factors influencing the escalation of the South China Sea dispute, including the role of geopolitics in the disputes, including their geopolitical, economic and military roles, and their implications for regional stability and the global balance of power. The study provides a comprehensive insight into a conflict that not only affects the main actors, but also the international security architecture. also to the international security architecture.

This study investigates the application of David B. Resnik's ethical principles—honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness, and openness—in academic writing and research among students. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, surveys and student paper analyses were conducted to measure awareness, adherence, and challenges. The results indicate that 95% of students are aware of general ethical principles in academic writing, yet only 70% are familiar with Resnik’s specific framework, leaving 30% unaware of these detailed concepts. Regarding practice, 100% of respondents consistently cited sources correctly, but 66% admitted to paraphrasing without proper attribution, showing gaps between ethical knowledge and application. Challenges identified include maintaining honesty (51%), avoiding plagiarism (29%), ensuring openness (11%), and minimizing bias (9%), often influenced by external pressures and resource limitations. To address these issues, students suggested practical solutions such as workshops, seminars, and digital guides to enhance understanding and compliance with ethical standards. This study emphasizes the importance of ethics education, institutional policy enhancements, and accessible resources to strengthen the implementation of academic integrity, bridging the gap between awareness and consistent ethical practice.

This research examines the implementation of student recruitment policies at the Musthafawiyah Purba Baru Islamic Boarding School, North Sumatra, in order to improve the quality of education. As one of the largest Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, Musthafawiyah faces the challenge of competition with other educational institutions in recruiting quality prospective students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that Musthafawiyah implemented a strict selection which included academic tests, Al-Quran reading and writing tests, and motivational interviews, to attract potential students. However, this policy faces obstacles in the form of negative public perceptions and limited resources. This research recommendation includes strategies to improve the promotion process and improve facilities to strengthen the attractiveness of Islamic boarding schools. By implementing strategic recruitment policies, it is hoped that Musthafawiyah will be able to maintain the quality of education and continue to attract the interest of prospective students from various regions.

Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT), as an Islamic microfinance institution, plays a crucial role in enhancing financial inclusion and empowering the economy of communities in Indonesia. By combining the functions of Baitul Maal for managing social funds and Baitul Tamwil for productive financing, BMT supports the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises and reinforces the principles of Islamic finance. This study examines the development of BMT in Indonesia during the period from 2014 to 2019 through a descriptive qualitative approach and literature review. The results indicate that the number of BMTs increased from around 4,000 units in 2014 to 4,500 units in 2018, with a significant contribution to promoting financial inclusion, especially for the lower-middle-income population. However, BMT faces challenges related to complex regulations, unintegrated data collection, and the need for enhanced transparency and accountability in its operations. This study aims to provide insights for better policy development to support the role of BMT.

This research aims to analyze the influence of regional taxes and regional levies on economic growth in Aceh Province. The research method used is a quantitative approach using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) for the period 2009–2023. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of statistical software. The research results show that regional taxes. The test results show that regional taxes have a t;statistic value of 1.186951 with a probability significance test of 0.2582 where >0.05 means that regional taxes do not have a significant influence on economic growth.do not have a significant influence. significant to economic growth. On the other hand, regional levies show that regional levies have a t;statistic value of -2.988378 with a probability significance test of 0.0113 where >0.05 means that regional levies have a partially significant negative influence on economic growth. This research provides important implications for policy makers in Aceh Province in increasing the effectiveness of managing regional taxes and regional levies to encourage sustainable economic growth.

This study investigates the role of profit-based tangible assets and sales growth (ProTAPP) in enhancing the relationship between market ratios and financing decisions in property and real estate companies across Southeast Asia from 2019-2023. Using agency theory, pecking order theory, and trade-off theory, the research examines how EPS, TATO, and CR influence DER, with ProTAPP serving as a mediating variable. The analysis, based on panel data from ASEAN countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore, aims to provide practical insights for investors, corporate managers, and policymakers in optimizing financing strategies within the property and real estate sector. The study emphasizes the significance of tangible assets and sales growth dynamics in financial decision-making for achieving an optimal capital structure. Findings reveal that ProTAPP significantly mediates the relationship between EPS, TATO, CR, and DER in Southeast Asian property and real estate firms. The impact of these independent variables on DER through ProTAPP varies by country, reflecting specific market dynamics and company strategies. These results offer valuable guidance for developing more effective financing strategies in the sector.      

Globally, women dying from pregnancy complications decreased by almost 50% from 1990-2013, but the number of deaths remains high where 99% of deaths occur due to complications. Deaths caused by pregnancy complications cannot be avoided, but can be prevented through Antenatal Care (ANC) services as explained by previous studies that ANC services can reduce MMR by up to 20%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the 10T ANC Service Components and Pregnancy Complications. Quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all Women of Childbearing Age (WUS) who gave birth to their last child in the last 5 years. Sample selection was determined based on the ratio using stratification and total sampling of 14,437. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results of the analysis showed that there were 2,539 (17.5%) women who experienced complications. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the components of ANC 10T services, education, wealth index, and residence with pregnancy complications, p- value <0.05, while parity showed no significant relationship with complications p = 0.378 . The results of multivariate analysis showed that women who did not receive the 10T service components according to standards had a 1,438 times higher risk of experiencing pregnancy complications after being controlled with the variables of parity, education, wealth index, and residence. This study provides important information for the next step in developing an ANC service strategy, namely providing services based on SOPs, improving skills and providing education to mothers and families about the importance of ANC services, in addition to policy making and increasing cooperation between stakeholders need to be done to optimize quality ANC services.  

This study analyzes the success of the Riau Islands Province post-regional expansion in the fields of economy and infrastructure. The territorial expansion carried out in 2002 aimed to enhance government efficiency and accelerate regional development. Despite notable progress, such as economic growth exceeding the national average and controlled inflation, significant challenges remain, including dependency on transfers from the central government. The Fiscal Independence Index (IKF) indicates that most districts and cities in Riau Islands Province are still categorized as "Not Independent." Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed to increase Regional Original Income (PAD) and strengthen fiscal decentralization. The method used in this study is literature review, which involves examining and analyzing written sources such as books, articles, and academic journals. Through this method, researchers can gather relevant information and understand the context and developments in the studied field. This research also provides policy recommendations to enhance community participation in decision-making, aiming for more effective regional autonomy. Thus, this study is expected to contribute to the literature on regional expansion and local government policies in Indonesia.

This study examines the application of Immanuel Kant's ethical principles in the use of autonomous technology based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the academic domain. AI technology has significantly impacted academic efficiency and innovation but has also raised serious ethical challenges, such as algorithmic bias, dependency on technology, and threats to privacy and transparency. Using a Kantian ethical approach, this research identifies key issues and proposes an ethical framework that places justice, transparency, and respect for human dignity at the core of the design and implementation of autonomous technologies. The findings indicate that algorithmic bias can exacerbate academic inequities, while excessive reliance on AI risks diminishing the critical and creative capabilities of academics. Additionally, privacy and accountability in the management of academic data emerge as major concerns requiring ethically grounded policy interventions. This study also highlights the need for a new paradigm ensuring that autonomous technologies uphold humanistic values in academic settings, such as inclusivity, intellectual autonomy, and justice.

As a system, the law will run well when the system is connected and working actively. The practice of criminal acts of corruption that occurs in Indonesia is increasingly sophisticated, systematic and widespread at all levels of society which has an impact on the amount of state financial losses. Various statutory regulations have been attempted to eradicate corruption, namely Law Number 31 of 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 and the Government has even ratified several articles of the 2003 United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) through Law Number 7 of 2006. However, to date it is still unable and effective to enforce it in eradicating corruption. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has a system for dealing with corruption cases, namely Operation Arrest (OTT). anywhere in Indonesia. The type of research applied is normative legal research with a normative juridical approach, namely research carried out based on library materials which are secondary data. Based on the results of the research, it can be stated that in the politics of criminal law in dealing with criminal acts of corruption based on penal and non-penal policies, it is no longer effective in eradicating criminal acts of corruption which are detrimental to the country's finances and economy and the Corruption Eradication Commission's policy, which is included in one of its policies, is carrying out Hand Catch Operations, namely tapping. Tapping is the activity of listening, recording, deflecting, changing, inhibiting and recording the transmission of electronic information or electronic documents, whether using communication cable networks or wireless networks, such as electromagnetic radiation or radio frequency, including examining packages, postal mail, correspondence and other documents. Apart from that, the legal politics of dealing with criminal acts of corruption through Operation Capture of Arms, including the lack of regulations regarding wiretapping and entrapment carried out by the Corruption Eradication Commission, is vulnerable to violations of Human Rights (HAM), especially regarding entrapment, because entrapment is not recognized by law or as a criminal act. corruption in Indonesia.

Legal politics is one of the central concepts in the legal system which is closely related to state policy in the formation, application and change of law. This article examines the role of legal politics in legal reform in Indonesia post-1998 reform, with a focus on the challenges faced in implementing legal policies as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the changes that have been made. This research uses a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive methods, which aims to describe how legal politics can be an instrument that determines the direction and substance of legal reform in Indonesia. The results of this research show that although there has been progress in legal reform, major challenges still exist, especially related to the implementation of legal policies which are influenced by political dynamics which do not always support the creation of an effective and just legal system.

Artificial Intelligence in STEM education has gained attention because it has the potential to transform the learning and teaching process. The study aims to systematically analyze the application of AI technology in STEM education, focusing on the impact on student engagement, learning outcomes, and teaching methods. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with PRISMA guidance, Articles published in the last ten years, to ensure the selection process on the latest trends. The main findings show that AI-based tools, such as adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated assessment platforms, significantly enhance the personalized learning experience and encourage students' critical thinking skills in STEM learning. Challenges such as ethical considerations, data privacy issues, and the digital divide are still issues that need attention. Overall, the study shows that AI has a crucial role in STEM education in the future and recommends a strategic framework to overcome the challenges of AI implementation. The main findings of the article provide a basis for educators, policymakers, and researchers to develop and implement AI-based innovations effectively in STEM education.

The advancement of information and communication technology has significantly altered the ways adolescents interact and establish social relationships, particularly through social media. This study aims to examine the impact of human relations on adolescents' interactions and behaviors on social media platforms, taking into account psychological, sociological, and cultural dimensions. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this research explores interaction patterns among adolescents on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. The findings reveal that social media creates virtual spaces that enhance social networks but also pose risks such as reduced quality of face-to-face interactions, social anxiety, and mental health issues. This study emphasizes how the intense use of social media reshapes traditional communication patterns and influences adolescents' behavior and self-concept. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations are proposed for parents, educators, and policymakers to guide healthy social media use, balance its benefits and drawbacks, and foster the development of more meaningful social relationships among adolescents.

In its implementation, previously designed educational programs often do not run as planned. This encourages the emergence of new policies to overcome the problems that arise, with the aim of realizing equitable and quality education as mandated by law. As a developing country, Indonesia is considered to need to study and adopt an education system that has been proven successful in other countries. One of the countries that can be used as an example in this case is Finland. This study uses a meta-analysis method. The results of the study show that there are a number of aspects of education policy in Finland that can be applied in Indonesia. It is hoped that by improving the quality of education, Indonesia will be able to produce a generation that is competent and able to compete at the global level.    

The development of the National Capital City (IKN) triggers an increase in demand for goods and services, especially in the construction and basic needs sectors, which can cause a spike in regional and national inflation. Monetary policy faces new challenges, including increasing interest rates and the risk of rupiah exchange rate volatility due to dependence on foreign debt financing. These projects also influence economic distribution, creating investment opportunities, but potentially increasing economic inequality. This research emphasizes the importance of coordination between monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate negative impacts on national economic stability.

Tangerang City has the highest number of applications in Indonesia, with a total of 222 public service and government management applications supported by an ISO 27001:2013-certified data center. This data center is managed by the ICT Infrastructure and Cryptography Division of the Tangerang City Communication and Informatics Office. However, the process of managing data center assets and infrastructure still relies on OnlyOffice Nextcloud. This approach creates challenges in reading and processing data into meaningful information, data inconsistency, and the inability to track data changes effectively. Moreover, policymakers face difficulties in identifying devices that have reached their end of life (EOL) or are over five years old. This method limits strategic data analysis needed to support decision-making. Therefore, a digital system is required to manage data in a structured and consistent manner, track data changes, and provide relevant information for policymakers. Such a system is expected to enhance operational efficiency and support high-quality digital transformation.

This study explores the implementation of the Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS) at the junior high school level (SMP/MTs) through a literature review. The research aims to analyze the application of IQAS in achieving the Eight National Education Standards (NES). A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing a literature study approach and data sourced from relevant journals, books, and policy documents. The findings indicate that implementing IQAS positively impacts the quality of learning and school management, supported by factors such as school leadership, stakeholder collaboration, and the availability of infrastructure. However, challenges remain, including limited understanding among educators and staff, inadequate facilities, and insufficient financial support. The study concludes that the success of IQAS implementation relies on the collaboration of all stakeholders and continuous evaluation. Recommendations include enhancing awareness of IQAS, strengthening human resource capacity, and optimizing the use of infrastructure.