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This research investigates the prevalent challenges and identifies strategic approaches for effective resource utilization in secondary schools. Through a mixed-methods study involving quantitative analysis and qualitative interviews, the research highlights significant problems such as budget constraints, outdated educational materials, and disparities in resource distribution between urban and rural schools. The study reveals that 75% of surveyed schools encounter difficulties in resource allocation, with urban schools having better access to technology and trained personnel compared to their rural counterparts. Qualitative findings underscore the importance of several strategies to optimize resource usage. Needs-based allocation is identified as a critical approach, with schools that tailor resources to specific needs reporting improvements in student engagement and achievement. The integration of technology, combined with comprehensive teacher training on digital tools, is pivotal in enhancing learning experiences. Moreover, collaboration with the community and local businesses emerges as a valuable source of additional resources and real-world learning opportunities. The establishment of resource-sharing networks among schools is also noted as an effective measure to mitigate the impact of budget constraints and promote a more equitable distribution of materials and expertise. This study contributes to the discourse on educational equity and efficiency, offering actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and administrators. By emphasizing the need for localized solutions, technological equity, and community engagement, the research points towards a more equitable and efficient educational landscape. Future research directions include exploring the longitudinal impacts of these strategies on educational outcomes and the role of policy reforms in supporting resource optimization efforts.    

Pancasila is the ideology of the Indonesian nation whose values can be a reference for the development of the nation's character to face the development of society 5.0 era. This study aims to measure the readiness of the younger generation in facing technological developments in the era of industrial revolution 5.0 and how the influence of Pancasila in the life of the nation. This study uses a mixed method, in addition to using a conceptual approach, it also uses a survey method by distributing questionnaires to obtain strong data. Conceptually, this research looks at and explores reference sources from books and journals that contain substance about character building based on Pancasila. Meanwhile, quantitative data were obtained from a survey conducted on a number of respondents who were students considered to have a high level of idealism. The problem studied in this study is the values contained in Pancasila to built a society character to face the era of society 5.0. The results show that Pancasila education plays a very important role in character building in this country, but political life has not supported the creation of the Pancasilaist character of the Society.

This study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on leadership effectiveness across diverse industries. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys and interviews from leaders in various sectors. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between leaders' EI levels and their effectiveness in guiding teams and achieving organizational goals. Qualitative insights further elucidated how EI competencies such as self-awareness, social awareness, self-regulation, and relationship management influence leadership behaviors and outcomes. Findings suggest that leaders with higher EI tend to exhibit better interpersonal skills, conflict resolution abilities, and adaptability, resulting in enhanced team performance and organizational success. The study underscores the importance of EI development programs for leaders across industries to improve leadership effectiveness and foster a positive work environment conducive to growth and innovation.

This research aims to formulate a social forestry management strategy for HKm Sulian Besar in Keban Jati Village, Air Nipis District, South Bengkulu Regency. This research was carried out from July to August 2024 in Keban Jati Village, Air Nipis District, South Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. The research location was carried out in the Sulian Besar Community Forest. This research uses a combination method (mixed) dominantly qualitative and less dominantly quantitative. To recommend strategies for community forest management (HKm) that have achieved economic, social and ecological and institutional benefits by identifying using SWOT analysis to analyze various factors systematically. The position of the community forest management strategy in HKm Sulian Besar, Keban Jati Village, Air Nipis District, South Bengkulu Regency is in quadrant III, namely the turn around strategy where the implementation of the social forestry program of the community forest scheme has great opportunities but there are internal weaknesses so you have to choose the right strategy so that weaknesses are not reduce the odds. Alternative strategies that can be implemented include restructuring group institutions, increasing institutional, technical and marketing capacity, improving cultivation patterns and conducting effective NTFP marketing.

Mixed-use building refers to the combination of several different functions in one building, such as residential, office, shopping and recreational functions built on one site. Designing a mixed-use building structure requires careful planning and considers various factors such as functional needs, aesthetics and energy conservation. In addition, the design of mixed use buildings has various different functions in one area. Floor & Dag Plates Using Plain Reinforcing Steel with Quality Fy = 240mpa (Ø8mm). From the design results, several types of plate thicknesses are obtained according to the workloads that must be accommodated on it. the following are the moments acting on the floor & dag plates. reinforcement calculations are carried out using the capacity design method (capacity strength design) in accordance with SNI 2847-2019. The concept of capacity design in question is to control the formation of plastic joints at predetermined locations. The SAP2000 program can directly calculate the feasibility of structural dimensions and the required reinforcement area from the results of the input program process. In the SAP2000 program, the concrete regulations used are concrete regulations in the United States ACI-318-05/IBC 2003 which in some ways differ from concrete regulations in Indonesia SNI 2847-20219. It is necessary to make adjustments to the regulations that apply in Indonesia. The internal force from the SAP2000 program is selected from the loading combination that produces the field moment and the fulcrum moment at the maximum column face plane. The bending reinforcement and shear reinforcement of the beam can be read directly from the output of the SAP2000 program in the form of information on the required reinforcement area.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the mixed economic model in controlling financial system stability in 7 emerging market countries. Where the monetary policy variables are the money supply and interest rates. Then the microprudential variables are Return On Equity and Return On Assets, the macroprudential variables are Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non Performing Loans. The financial system stability variables are the inflation level and exchange rate. The data analysis model in this research is the Simultaneous model. This research uses secondary data or time series, namely from 2019 to 2023. This analysis is significant for controlling the financial system by ensuring the data meets normality assumptions through the Jarque-Bera test, which allows for more precise financial planning and risk management decisions. The absence of autocorrelation effects, as proven in the residual test, also strengthens the reliability of the model in understanding market trends. The Two-Stage Least Squares method in simultaneous regression analysis provides in-depth insight into the relationship between economic variables such as the inflation rate and the exchange rate, supporting effective economic policy making. Understanding the elasticity of key variables to the inflation rate and exchange rate is also important for optimizing risk control strategies and financial resource allocation.

This study analyzes and optimizes production systems in the Industry 4.0 context, examining the fundamental shift from centralized, push-based production models to decentralized, adaptive, pull-based approaches. The research employs a mixed-method approach combining comprehensive literature review and multiple case studies across manufacturing sectors. Findings reveal that integration of Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics enables real-time communication between production components, product personalization, and faster decision-making. Despite significant benefits in efficiency, flexibility, and competitiveness, implementation challenges persist, including high initial investment, employee resistance, technical expertise limitations, and integration complexity. Optimization approaches such as mixed-integer linear programming, digitally-integrated Lean Six Sigma, and digital twin simulations effectively enhance performance indicators including flexibility, reliability, and energy efficiency. The study concludes that successful production system transformation requires an integrated strategy encompassing process engineering, digital competency development, change management, and continuous evaluation to ensure sustainable optimization in the digital era

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by relying on advanced AI techniques like deep learning and reinforcement learning for decision-making and navigation. However, concerns about the opacity of traditional AI models in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving raise issues related to safety, accountability, and trust. This study explores the integration of Explainable AI (XAI) techniques in AV systems to enhance transparency and interpretability while maintaining high prediction accuracy. XAI methods, such as LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive ExPlanations), provide understandable justifications for AI-driven decisions, addressing biases, fairness, and accountability. These techniques also support regulatory compliance and foster public trust in AVs. A mixed-methods approach, combining experimental simulations and user surveys, was employed to integrate XAI into AV systems and test its performance in urban traffic and highway driving scenarios. Feedback from users, collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, revealed that XAI-enhanced systems significantly improved the interpretability of AV decisions, leading to higher user trust and satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of balancing model complexity with interpretability, demonstrating that XAI techniques are crucial for building trust and ensuring accountability in autonomous driving systems.

This research aims to uncover the characteristics of the Al-Qur'an manuscripts in the collection of the Sultanate of Kutaringin at the Mangkubumi Palace, with a specific focus on the textual aspect. The characteristics of the mushaf will be identified through the analysis of the verse texts and other related aspects based on the theories within ‘Ulūmul Qur`ān (the sciences of the Qur`an). This research combining a literature-based and a field-based methods. The combination of these methods is necessary when the data is not sufficiently representative to draw conclusive findings. The research design is qualitative, aiming to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this particular aspect. The primary data source of this research is the seventh volume of the mushaf in Mangkubumi Palace and other related secondary data sources. The results of this research indicate that the Qur’an manuscript of Kutaringin Sultanate in Mangkubumi Palace, especially the seventh mushaf have identical characteristics to the style of Ottoman Turkish manuscripts. This showed on the writing of some diacritical mark aspects (ḍabṭ), the markings for dividing of the Qur’an (ḥizb), the calligraphy and the mushaf illumination that clearly using Turkish writing style. This mushaf, written in the early 19th century, was transcribed using a mixed rasm (written form or script of an Arabic calligraphy text) style, namely the rasm ‘uṡmānī and the rasm imlā`ī, and consistently written with the qirā`āt ‘Āṣim riwayat Ḥafṣ.

This study investigates the efficacy of dynamic assignment strategies in enhancing English language proficiency, engagement, and motivation among learners compared to traditional assignment methods. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving quantitative analyses of language proficiency scores and engagement levels, as well as qualitative insights from student perspectives and teacher observations, the research highlights the significant advantages of integrating dynamic assignments in English language learning. Results indicate that students participating in the dynamic assignment group showed statistically significant improvements in overall language proficiency, particularly in speaking and writing skills (p < 0.05). Additionally, these students reported higher levels of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement (p < 0.05), which were positively correlated with their language proficiency improvements (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). This suggests that the more engaged students are in their learning process, the better their language learning outcomes. From the qualitative data, students expressed a greater motivation and interest in learning English, attributing this to the real-world relevance and applicability of the dynamic assignments. Teachers corroborated these findings, noting enhanced active participation, collaboration, and improvements in students’ communication skills and confidence. However, both students and teachers identified challenges, including increased preparation time and the need for clearer guidelines to maximize the benefits of dynamic assignments. The study concludes that dynamic assignment strategies significantly contribute to improving language proficiency and engagement among English language learners. It suggests that addressing the identified challenges could further optimize the effectiveness of these strategies. This research advocates for a shift towards more interactive, relevant, and engaging teaching methodologies in language education to better prepare learners for real-world communication.

This study assesses the effectiveness of teacher training programs aimed at supporting the implementation of Indonesia's national curriculum reforms in secondary education. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research evaluates teacher perceptions, classroom practices, and student outcomes in schools across different provinces. Results indicate that well-structured training significantly enhances teacher confidence and curriculum delivery, although challenges in program consistency and support mechanisms remain. Policy implications emphasize the need for continuous professional development and localized support to improve curriculum implementation.

Background: The spices turmeric and dragon fruit are daily human needs. Natural dyes have beautiful and distinctive colors that are difficult to imitate with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes can be used as a basis for screen printing techniques. Screen printing is a printing technique using a template. Purpose: mixing natural dyes turmeric and dragon fruit to apply screen printing techniques. Research method: experimental research. In this research, the natural dyes of turmeric and dragon fruit were mixed to apply the screen printing technique. Firstly, by collecting natural materials and reinforcing rubber. Next, make the dough until a strong dough is produced. After obtaining the water content in the dough. Next, screen printing is carried out onto fabric media. Findings: After mixing the natural dyes turmeric and dragon fruit to apply the screen printing technique, it shows that the color strength is very significant on the fabric media. Implication: mixing the natural dyes turmeric and dragon fruit for the application of screen printing techniques is very important to study and use as material. For future researchers, the theme we have taken here is that the originality is very strong, especially in the part about mixing the natural dyes turmeric and dragon fruit for the application of screen printing techniques. Become an evidence base in scientific development, especially in product design courses.  

This research was conducted at SD Negeri Karyabakti IV, aimed to determine whether the cooperative learning model of STAD (Student Teams Achievements Divisions) could enhance mathematics learning outcomes on the topic of mixed operations of integers for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Karyabakti IV. The subjects of the study were 37 fourth-grade students consisting of 22 male students and 15 female students. Data collection was carried out through observations conducted by the school principal and peers, and also by assessing students' mathematics learning outcomes through written tests. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning method applied by the researcher to fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Karyabakti IV, focusing on the topic of mixed operations of integers, could enhance students' mathematics learning outcomes. This can be seen in the improvement of students' mathematics learning outcomes from the pre-cycle stage with a KKM completeness rate of 10.81%, which increased to 45.54% in the first cycle and further increased to 72.97% in the second cycle. 2) The mathematics learning using the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) method also improved teacher performance.

This article aims to explore the legal framework relating to the protection of child victims of international abduction, as well as highlighting efforts that can be made to ensure security, welfare and fair solutions for the children involved. This study uses normative juridical legal research methods, namely This was done by examining statutory regulations and international conventions in the field of legal protection for child victims of international child abduction. The method used is library research or literature study. This research uses book sources and other data. This research was also carried out by reviewing and analyzing various kinds of literature. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the only international legal instrument specifically designed to deal with cases of transnational child abduction. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 of the 1980 Hague Convention concerning Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 provides a definition, what is meant by child protection is all activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with their dignity and human dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination.

This study aims to examine the influence of family socio-economic factors and coping strategies on editing at the Nurobo Community Health Center, Malaka Regency. This research uses a combined research approach (mixed methods). The sampling technique involves determining information using purposive sampling. The data analysis used in the quantitative method is validity testing, reliability testing, simple linear regression and hypothesis testing using that family socio-economic variables do not have a partial effect on the incidence of stunting with a coefficient of determination value of 0.4.5%. This aims to determine the Statistical Package tool for social science 28.0 for windows (SPSS). The data analysis used in the qualitative method is SWOT analysis. The test results show strategies for dealing with stunting incidents at the Nurobo Community Health Center. The results show that the most effective strategy can have a positive impact on stunting prevention strategies. Strategies that can be implemented to prevent stunting are by increasing access to better sanitation for the community and conducting educational outreach to make the community aware of the importance of nutritious food intake for toddlers to avoid stunting and other diseases in prevention efforts at the Nurobo Community Health Center, Malaka Regency.

This research explores the role of innovative assignment design in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes within the context of higher education. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data from surveys of 120 students and 15 instructors of STIA Yappi Makassar across multiple institutions with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with a selected subset of these participants. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between innovative assignment design and increased student engagement, as well as improved learning outcomes. Quantitatively, students exposed to innovative assignments reported higher engagement levels and better learning outcomes compared to their peers in traditional assignment settings. Qualitatively, themes emerged highlighting the benefits of practical application and relevance found in innovative assignments, alongside challenges such as the need for clearer guidelines and additional support. This study underscores the potential of innovative pedagogical strategies to create more engaging, relevant, and effective learning environments in higher education. It calls for educators to embrace and refine these approaches, addressing implementation challenges to fully realize their benefits. The research contributes to the broader discourse on educational quality and innovation, offering evidence-based recommendations for enhancing student engagement and success through pedagogical innovation.

This research aims to investigate various aspects including teachers' comprehension of the learning process, its application in teaching, outcomes assessment, obstacles encountered by teachers in teaching, and strategies to address these hindrances when implementing Pancasila and citizenship education using a scientific approach in elementary schools. This study adopts an evaluation research methodology employing mixed methods, drawing from the Facial Expression Evaluation Model and Sequential Exploratory Design. Data collection techniques encompass interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The findings of the research indicate that: (1) PPKn teachers exhibit a strong understanding of the scientific approach, with 66.66% categorized as highly proficient. (2) The implementation of the scientific approach in elementary schools is highly commendable, with 74.92% falling into the high proficiency category. (3) Student performance and teacher efficacy in PPKn learning at the elementary level are deemed highly satisfactory. Teacher efficacy, measured by student learning outcomes, stands at 66.66%, indicating excellent performance. (4) Teachers perceive minimal obstacles in implementing the scientific approach. (5) Efforts made by teachers to address obstacles encountered in implementing the scientific approach are highly commendable.

One form of Islamic banking financing is mudarabah, which is a profit and loss sharing contract between an Islamic bank and a mudarib. This type of contract requires a mutually open attitude between both parties to the advantages and disadvantages of the project undertaken. Therefore, banks should implement a system of monitoring and assessment of project criteria well to avoid risks that may cause bank losses as sahib al-mal. This research uses a mixed method of research, with data collection methods as interviews, questionnaire, observation and document analysis. Which is then analyzed qualitatively by analysis from interviews and observations. For quantitative analysis, factor analysis, regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are conducted. The results of this research are the criteria of projects that need to be supervised by Islamic banking, which are Project Profiles, Payment Guarantee, Project Management, and Prospect project. If the assessment of project criteria is tightened and implemented correctly, mudarabah financing issues can be reduced and resolved.

Neonatal mortality is a major issue in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia. Data reveals that Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) contributes to 59% of infant deaths in Indonesia. Infant mortality rates remain high in Indonesia, at 20 per 1,000 live births. West Java has recorded a significant decline in neonatal mortality rates, dropping from 9.9 per 1,000 live births in 2019 to 9 per 1,000 in 2021. Factors influencing neonatal mortality have been extensively studied, including through the Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) method. The MGWR model combines local and global models, generating parameter estimators that are both local and global according to the observation locations. This research uses secondary data from the health profile of West Java, with the dependent variable being the number of neonatal deaths in 27 districts/cities in the year 2020. MGWR analysis results indicate that congenital anomalies have a local impact, while low birth weight and complete neonatal visits affect the entire West Java region globally. This study offers vital insights into the factors contributing to neonatal mortality in West Java and can serve as a foundation for targeted policy improvements and healthcare interventions

Stress is a condition in which all non-specific demands require an individual to respond or perform an action. Stress is one of the causes of acne vulgaris, stress occurs due to a stimulus that produces a reaction in the brain. Stress levels are divided into three parts: mild stress, moderate stress and severe stress. Acne vulgaris is a condition in which skin is caused by blockage or inflammation by the hair volicle and also the sebaseal gland, also known as a unit of pilobasea. in the form of non-inflammatory comedies, papule inflammation, and can be mixed with lesions. The type of method used is quantitative research with cross sectional design. It was found that respondents with mild stress levels had mild acne 2 out of 2 respondents (100%), while those with moderate stress had more moderate acne, 49 out of 55 respondents with presentation (89%) and 6 out of 11 respondents with presentation (54.55%). And show the results of the Rank Sprearman P Vallue 0.004 < 0.05.