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The high volume of fishery waste often poses an environmental burden if not managed appropriately. Conversely, the circular economy concept offers sustainable solutions aligned with Maqasid Shariah principles in environmental preservation (Hifz al-Alam). This study aims to educate and implement the processing of fish waste into high-quality animal feed that meets halal standards (halalan thayyiban). This research employs a qualitative approach using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The stages include socializing the concept of Sharia circular economy, technical training on waste processing, and nutritional content testing of the feed. The findings indicate an 80% increase in community understanding regarding the economic value of waste. Technically, the fish waste processing successfully produced an alternative animal feed with high protein content, free from najis (impurity) through a purification process according to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This education proves that the integration of circular economy and Sharia principles not only reduces environmental impact but also creates sustainable economic added value for local communities.

Bullying is a serious problem that can disrupt the learning process and mental development of students, including in Islamic boarding schools. Early detection of bullying is essential to creating a safe and conducive learning environment. This study aims to apply the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to automatically detect bullying through video recordings in the environment of the SMK Skill Village Islamic School Business Boarding School. The method used involves collecting a video dataset representing various types of bullying behavior, labeling the data, and training an object detection model using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The developed system is capable of detecting and classifying bullying behavior in real- time with detection accuracy reaching [accuracy value if known]. The implementation of this system is expected to assist school authorities and boarding school administrators in monitoring, preventing, and addressing bullying incidents more quickly and effectively, while also serving as an initial step in leveraging artificial intelligence technology to create a safer and more comfortable educational environment.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood faith education. Today’s children are growing up in an environment familiar with digital media, making it necessary to adopt a catechetical approach that keeps pace with the times. This article aims to examine the use of digital catechesis as a tool for early childhood faith education. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, gathering data from books, scientific journals, research articles, Church documents, and other relevant sources. The data is analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods to understand the benefits, challenges, and role of digital catechesis in fostering children’s faith. Research findings indicate that digital catechesis can serve as an effective, engaging, and interactive medium for helping children learn about the teachings of the faith from an early age. The use of animated videos, religious songs, educational images, and learning apps can enhance children’s interest in learning, attention, and understanding of Catholic faith values. Furthermore, digital catechesis also assists the Church, families, and schools in providing faith education that is more contextual and aligned with the world of today’s children. However, the use of digital media still requires the guidance of parents, teachers, and faith mentors so that children receive proper direction and are protected from the negative impacts of technology. Thus, digital catechesis is a relevant tool in the faith education of young children when used wisely and purposefully. The presence of digital media does not replace the role of faith educators but serves as a tool that enriches the process of proclaiming the faith in the modern era.

This study examines teachers’ strategies in instilling citizenship values among students to develop democratic character and social responsibility. The background of this study is rooted in the increasing need to strengthen students’ civic awareness and character in the face of rapid social and technological changes. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze effective strategies used by teachers in integrating citizenship values into the learning process. This study employs a library research method by analyzing various relevant academic sources, including journals, books, and scholarly articles related to citizenship education and character development. The findings indicate that effective strategies include student-centered learning approaches, the integration of character education into civic education, the use of inquiry-based learning methods, and the utilization of technology to enhance student engagement. Additionally, extracurricular activities and a democratic classroom environment play a significant role in reinforcing students’ understanding and application of citizenship values. These strategies contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking, participation skills, and social awareness. The implications of this study suggest that teachers need to continuously innovate and adapt their teaching strategies to meet the evolving needs of students and societal demands. Furthermore, educational institutions should provide adequate support and resources to optimize the implementation of citizenship education in fostering responsible and democratic citizens.

This study was conducted based on the low level of student activeness and understanding in IPAS learning at the elementary school level. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the role play method in improving students’ activeness and learning outcomes. This study employed a classroom action research approach involving 27 students. The data were collected through observation and evaluation of student learning outcomes. The findings revealed a significant improvement in both student participation and understanding after the implementation of the role play method. Students became more active in asking questions, responding to the teacher, and participating in classroom activities. In terms of learning outcomes, 85.2% of students were able to answer questions correctly and demonstrated good understanding, while the remaining 14.8% also achieved the minimum criteria. These results indicate that learning through direct experience enhances students’ comprehension. The implication of this study suggests that the role play method can be used as an effective alternative teaching strategy to create an interactive, engaging, and student-centered learning environment in elementary education.

This study aims to analyze the process of internalizing legal values in the formation of a culture of law-abidingness by emphasizing the perspective of civic responsibility and the Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory approach. The main problem studied is how legal values are not only understood normatively, but also internalized in the individual and collective consciousness of society, thus giving rise to sustainable law-abiding behavior. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with strengthening conceptual and sociological analysis of legal dynamics in society. The results show that the internalization of legal values is a multidimensional process involving cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects, which are influenced by education, the social environment, role models, and the consistency of law enforcement. In the context of civic responsibility, a culture of law-abidingness is not only formal compliance with regulations, but also reflects moral awareness and active participation of citizens in maintaining social order. Meanwhile, Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory offers an integrative paradigm that combines the normative dimensions of sharia with social reality, through a comparative approach of schools of thought, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, and an orientation toward the welfare of the people. This research emphasizes that the formation of an effective culture of law-abidingness requires a holistic and contextual approach, in which law is understood as a living and adaptive social instrument. Thus, the internalization of legal values based on civic responsibility and an Islamic sociological jurisprudence approach can encourage the realization of substantive justice, high legal awareness, and a civilized and sustainable social order.    

The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, both physically and mentally, may be rather uncomfortable, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women often report back discomfort, muscular aches, trouble sleeping, excessive exhaustion, and irregular sleep patterns. Mothers' physical and mental health as well as the health of their unborn children may be significantly impacted by inadequate sleep quality during pregnancy. To enhance comfort and the quality of sleep during pregnancy, one non-pharmacological technique is to use an aromatherapy maternity pillow. An ergonomic and ecologically sustainable invention to enhance mother comfort during pregnancy was the goal of this research, which intended to produce a Pregnancy Pillow Therapy product with pineapple leaf fiber and aromatherapy. A descriptive research design using a prototype creation technique was used in this study. The stages of the research included problem identification, literature review, product design, material selection, prototype manufacturing, and product evaluation. Data were collected through literature studies and observations related to sleep discomfort in pregnancy, maternity pillow utilization, aromatherapy therapy, and pineapple leaf fiber characteristics. The developed product was designed ergonomically to support the back, abdomen, waist, and legs of pregnant women. The addition of aromatherapy was intended to provide a relaxing effect and improve sleep quality. The use of pineapple leaf fiber also supports environmentally friendly product innovation through agricultural waste utilization. The results indicate that Pregnancy Pillow Therapy has the potential to become a supportive product for improving comfort and sleep quality among pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to evaluate product effectiveness directly among pregnant women.

Rapid technological developments and social changes in the disruption era require organizations, including educational institutions, to adapt quickly and innovatively. This article discusses the importance of building psychological safety as a foundation to enhance team innovation and adaptability. Psychological safety is a condition in which team members feel safe to express ideas, ask questions, and share opinions without fear of negative consequences. The study employs a qualitative literature review method; analyzing various scientific sources related to psychological safety, leadership, and organizational management. Findings indicate that supportive and inclusive leadership plays a crucial role in fostering a psychologically safe environment, which in turn promotes open communication; effective collaboration, and innovative behavior. Developing psychological safety enhances intrinsic motivation, job engagement, and learning agility; enabling teams to respond effectively to rapid organizational changes. This research implies that organizations should prioritize psychological safety to strengthen team performance and sustainability in the dynamic disruption era.

Microplastics are extremely small plastic particles that have become a major concern in public health and environmental studies. This literature review aims to discuss the sources of microplastics, their routes of exposure to the human body, their distribution in organs, and their potential health impacts. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles and reports published from 2021 onward, retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and official websites of organizations such as the WHO, OECD, and the World Bank. The review findings show that microplastics originate from plastic waste, synthetic clothing, cosmetics, vehicle tires, and food packaging. These particles have been detected in blood, lungs, the placenta, feces, and various human tissues, indicating that human exposure is widespread. However, evidence from human studies is still limited, so cause-and-effect relationships cannot yet be confirmed with certainty. Based on these findings, further research is needed to better understand the long-term health effects of microplastics. In addition, efforts to reduce single-use plastics, improve waste management systems, and increase public education are essential to reduce exposure and prevent future health risks.

This article analyzes the recurring flash floods in North Konawe Regency which occurred in 2000, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 as ecological disasters causally linked to three decades of natural resource exploitation through logging, oil palm plantations, and open-pit nickel mining. Using the dual framework of political ecology and environmental justice, this article argues that these disasters are not neutral natural events, but rather the product of a structured system of injustice: the indigenous Culambacu People and Tolaki People communities who were excluded from decision-making processes regarding extractive permits have borne the greatest burden of the destructive impacts of such exploitation. The most dramatic event was the 2019 flood that devastated Tapuwatu Village, causing losses amounting to Rp 674.8 billion and displacing 9,908 people. The findings demonstrate that the dominant government narrative framing the floods as “natural disasters caused by high rainfall” constitutes a strategic denial that obscures structural responsibility. Empirical data including rates of deforestation, exceeded river carrying capacity, and the chronology of concession expansion correlated with disaster escalation support the ecological disaster thesis. Persistent poverty amid abundant natural resource wealth confirms the condition of a “sacrifice zone,” characterized simultaneously by distributive, recognitional, and procedural injustices.

This study aims to analyze the relevance of Robert Raikes' Christian educational thinking to the character formation of children in contemporary Sunday School services. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and research articles related to Christian education, character education, and the history of Sunday School development. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping themes, interpretation, and drawing conclusions using descriptive qualitative methods. The results show that Robert Raikes' thoughts remain relevant in modern Christian education, especially in the formation of children's character through the teaching of God's Word, discipline, role models, and the instilling of Christian values. Sunday School plays an important role as a means of fostering faith, morality, and social responsibility in children from an early age. In addition, the challenges of the digital era require churches to develop more creative, interactive, and contextual learning methods without abandoning the basic values ​​of the Christian faith. This study confirms that the success of children's character formation depends not only on the church, but also on the role of Sunday School teachers and families who work together to build a conducive spiritual environment. Thus, Robert Raikes' thinking makes an important contribution to the development of Christian education that is relevant in the modern era.

This study investigates the decoupling phenomenon between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) sustainability reporting and communal Tri Hita Karana (THK) sustainability practices in a Rural Bank in Bali. Through Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) of official documents from BPR Luhur Damai covering 2023–2025, this study identifies that the Sustainability Report (SR), prepared strictly according to Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) 51/2017, does not incorporate substantial THK practices, namely banten (ceremonial offerings) Rp131.6 million, dana punia (religious donations) Rp8.5 million, and monthly banjar (communal community unit) contributions, producing a Hindu religious expenditure to formal Social and Environmental Responsibility (SER) ratio of 10:1. Drawing on the Institutional Logics perspective, this study identifies four decoupling mechanisms: (1) cognitive, namely THK as taken-for-granted, not perceived as “sustainability”; (2) administrative, namely departmental silos between Compliance and General Affairs; (3) template, namely POJK 51/2017 provides no space for local wisdom; and (4) capacity, namely limited Human Resources (HR) and institutional capacity. These findings lead to the concept of “invisible sustainability,” that is, real sustainability contributions that are invisible to conventional reporting frameworks, and “cultural accounting gap,” that is, the absence of accounting categories for local cultural-religious contributions. The theoretical contribution is demonstrating that decoupling in Global South contexts is not merely symbolic compliance but results from structural misalignment between transnational and communal logics that renders local sustainability contributions institutionally invisible.

One of the goals of a building is to create a comfortable environment that does not affect the health and operations of its occupants, therefore a system needs to be created to ensure comfort in classrooms. To fulfill a comfortable situation, there is a standard that regulates comfort, especially thermal and visual comfort. Thermal comfort is regulated in SNI 03-6572-2001 and visual comfort is regulated in SNI 03-6575-2001. The aim of this research is to design a tool to automatically monitor temperature and lighting, determine greater accuracy, determine temperature and lighting comfort distances, and test Smart Comfort measurement results in accordance with the SNI-03-6571-2001 and SNI-03-6575-2001 conformity standards. This design uses ESP32 with IoT-based LDR and DHT11 sensors which can be seen on the web and application, determines the accuracy and range of Smart Comfort values for monitoring temperature and lighting and determines the suitability of measurement quantities in the SDN PINANG 3 classroom.

To address the negative impacts of teenage romantic relationships on peer dynamics and academic achievement at SMP Negeri 5 Sipahutar, school authorities implemented a regulation prohibiting dating, in line with Pancasila character education principles. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of this policy on fostering positive social behavior among ninth-grade students. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach and involved 81 students as respondents. Data were collected using a four-level multiple-choice agreement questionnaire consisting of ten items. The analysis results showed a total score of 2707, a mean score of 33.42, a standard deviation of 4.8, and an average scale score of 3.34. The findings revealed that 78.2% of students agreed that the regulation encouraged peer cooperation, improved discipline in obeying school rules, and supported effective group learning. In addition, the policy appeared to contribute to a more positive school environment by reducing distractions associated with adolescent dating behavior. These findings indicate that school-based regulations can play an important role in shaping adolescent character and social behavior based on national values. Therefore, such policies may serve as an effective preventive strategy for educational institutions that aim to strengthen character education and promote responsible student conduct.

The development of information and communication technology has increased the use of gadgets among high school students. Gadgets provide convenience in the learning process, but also have the potential to affect students' social behavior patterns. This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of gadget use on the social behavior patterns of students at SMA Negeri 3 Salatiga. This study uses a mixed methods approach, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, while quantitative data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to 72 students in grades XI-5 and XI-7 who were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The results of the study showed that the use of gadgets had an effect on decreasing the intensity of direct social interaction, reduced empathy for the surrounding environment, weakening interpersonal communication with peers and teachers, and low cooperation in group activities. Students tend to focus more on the use of gadgets than active involvement in social activities in the school environment. Therefore, it is necessary for schools, teachers, and parents to supervise and guide the use of gadgets wisely so as not to hinder students' social development.

The health of elementary school-aged children is a crucial phase for physical growth and cognitive development, but the school environment is often vulnerable to the spread of disease due to a lack of understanding of hygiene. This community service activity aims to increase students' awareness of the dangers of germs at SD Negeri Sumberbulu 1 through education on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) with a primary focus on Handwashing with Soap (CTPS). The implementation method is carried out through three stages: preparation and coordination, educational implementation using animated videos and live demonstrations of the 6 steps of CTPS, and the follow-up stage. The results of the activity showed that the use of visual media and icebreakers effectively increased students' enthusiasm and understanding in absorbing the health steps taught. As a form of sustainability, the team coordinated with the school, which then expressed its willingness to integrate the CTPS scheme into the school's daily routine independently. Thus, this program successfully transformed healthy behavior into a permanent school culture to maintain the quality of life for the next generation.

This study was conducted to examine, from an organizational behavior perspective, how leadership styles influence employee work behavior at the Population and Civil Registration Service (Dukcapil) of Magelang Regency. This study utilized various reference sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous research on leadership, organizational behavior, and employee work behavior. The results showed that certain leadership styles have a significant impact on employee work behavior, particularly in terms of improving discipline, motivation, responsibility, and the quality of public services. Transformational, democratic, and authentic leadership styles are considered more effective because they can create a good work environment, build trust, and encourage positive behaviors such as cooperation and initiative. Conversely, ineffective leadership can lead to low work motivation, decreased organizational commitment, and decreased quality of public services. Furthermore, this study shows that organizational systems are not the only factor influencing the success of public services; leaders also have the necessary expertise to direct and change employee work behavior. Therefore, a flexible and engaging leadership style is an important component in improving the quality of public services at Dukcapil of Magelang Regency.

Student cooperatives in Islamic boarding schools are no longer merely understood as business units providing daily necessities, but have developed into socio-economic spaces that shape independence, trust, and Islamic entrepreneurship education among students. This study is motivated by the limited number of studies examining pesantren cooperatives as socio-religious processes that cultivate values of trustworthiness, responsibility, transparency, and cooperation in students’ daily lives. The study aims to explain the empirical practices of student involvement in cooperative management, the social relations formed through economic activities in pesantren, and their implications for Islamic entrepreneurship education and the strengthening of pesantren economic independence. This research employed a qualitative approach with a field study method conducted at Pondok Pesantren Modern Elfira 2 Purwokerto. Data were collected through observation, interviews with cooperative administrators and student managers, and documentation of financial reports and cooperative operational activities. The findings reveal that students are directly involved in managing goods inventory, customer service, digital financial recording, and the distribution of daily necessities within the pesantren environment. These practices foster values of trustworthiness, transparency, responsibility, and cooperation through supervision systems, work shift arrangements, and daily evaluations. In addition to strengthening the pesantren’s economy, the cooperative also functions as a medium for experiential Islamic entrepreneurship learning. This article contributes to the sociology of Islamic education by demonstrating that student cooperatives function as socio-economic laboratories that shape students’ independence, social trust, and Islamic entrepreneurial ethics within the everyday life of pesantren communities.

Feasibility evaluation is a crucial step in port development as it ensures that the project to be implemented provides optimal technical, economic, social, and environmental benefits. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of global research trends related to port feasibility evaluation, approaches applied in previous studies, and risks that arise when feasibility aspects are neglected in port development. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, the study analyzes articles published between 2020 and 2025 indexed in Scopus. The results show that there has been increasing global attention to the importance of sustainable ports focused on green technologies and terminal automation. However, many studies still overlook social and environmental risks in feasibility evaluations. The study also found that neglecting feasibility aspects can lead to economic losses, environmental damage, and social dissatisfaction, resulting in project failure. Therefore, this research emphasizes the need for a more integrated feasibility evaluation that includes all technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This study is expected to contribute to the development of a more holistic feasibility evaluation model, especially for developing countries like Indonesia, which still face significant challenges in port modernization and the adoption of green technologies.

The pollution of the Ciliwung River caused by urban and commercial activities has become an increasingly critical environmental issue, reflecting the weak effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in urban areas. This condition is evident in the area surrounding Seasons City Mall, where ecological pressure resulting from domestic waste and commercial activities has contributed to the deterioration of river water quality. This study aims to analyze the implementation of environmental law enforcement, identify the obstacles to controlling pollution in the Ciliwung River, and formulate strategies for optimizing sustainable environmental protection. The research employs a qualitative approach using normative juridical and empirical methods through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The findings reveal that environmental law enforcement has been implemented through administrative supervision and waste control mechanisms; however, its effectiveness remains limited due to weak inter-agency coordination, inadequate monitoring capacity, low compliance among business actors, and limited public participation. This study concludes that strengthening integrated supervision, enforcing consistent legal sanctions, and enhancing collaboration among government institutions, business sectors, and communities are essential to achieving sustainable pollution control and environmental protection of the Ciliwung River.