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The commercial sector, especially the hospitality industry, is one of the largest consumers of electrical energy, with energy costs often ranking as the second highest operational expense. This study aims to conduct a specific Electrical Energy Audit in the Office Engineering unit of Aston Denpasar Hotel & Convention Center to optimize electricity usage and improve energy efficiency. The research applies a detailed audit approach with a focus on lighting systems and air conditioning (AC), which are major contributors to energy consumption. The initial stage involves calculating the actual Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) in kWh/m²/month and comparing the results with ASEAN and SNI standards to determine the efficiency classification of the building. Data collection is carried out through direct field measurements as primary data, using instruments such as a Clamp Meter and Lux Meter. The expected outcome of this study is the identification of detailed Energy Saving Opportunities (ESO), along with the estimation of potential monthly energy cost savings and the calculation of the investment Payback Period.

The economic valuation of natural resources (NR) is an important instrument in supporting evidence-based decision-making, particularly in sustainable environmental management. Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) serves as a primary approach to assess the economic feasibility of programs or policies by integrating all benefits and costs, including non-market values. This article presents a systematic literature review of studies employing CBA for NR valuation during the period 2010–2024, based on searches in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar, using stringent selection criteria. The review findings indicate that CBA has been widely applied in forest management, biodiversity conservation, land rehabilitation, water and air pollution control, and ecotourism development, providing a quantitative depiction of economic feasibility through indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Key challenges were identified in non-market valuation, long-term uncertainty, data limitations, and sensitivity to discount rate assumptions. These findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental valuation methods, conducting comprehensive sensitivity analyses, and adopting multidisciplinary approaches to strengthen the application of CBA in sustainable NR management, while also offering strategic recommendations and directions for future research for policymakers and environmental economics scholars.

The Ciliwung River Basin is a strategic watershed with significant ecological, social, and economic functions, yet it is increasingly threatened by land use change, rapid urbanization, and water pollution, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan area. This study aims to assess the water quality condition of the Ciliwung River based on real time monitoring data from the ONLIMO system and to examine spatial and temporal variations in water quality status along the middle and downstream segments. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using secondary data obtained from three ONLIMO monitoring stations, namely Masjid Istiqlal, Pintu Air Manggarai, and Kelapa Dua Srengseng Sawah, during the period of 6–12 May 2025. The analyzed parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and other relevant physicochemical indicators. The results indicate that the water quality of the Ciliwung River generally falls within lightly to moderately polluted categories, with higher pollution levels observed in the middle segment of the river. Critical parameters influencing pollution status include Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and consistently low dissolved oxygen levels. These findings demonstrate that pollution in the Ciliwung River is persistent and cumulative, highlighting the urgency of integrated watershed management, strengthening real time water quality monitoring, and enhancing cross sector collaboration to support effective pollution control and sustainable river restoration.

This study aims to analyze the temperature distribution in an LPG-fueled chili drying machine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation was performed using SolidWorks Flow Simulation 2022 to investigate the effect of inlet air temperature and velocity on temperature uniformity inside the drying chamber. Three inlet temperature variations were applied: 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, combined with two air velocities of 10 m/s and 11 m/s. The results showed that these parameters significantly influence temperature distribution. The optimum condition was achieved at 70°C and 10 m/s with a temperature uniformity efficiency (

In this study, a device was designed and implemented to control the water pH and nutrient density (concentration) in a hydroponic system using the Mamdani method of fuzzy logic, thus maintaining nutrient solution parameters within an optimal range for plant growth. This system relies on three input values ​​obtained from a water pH sensor, a nutrient TDS sensor, and a flow meter. These three sensors are used to control four peristaltic motors, each of which functions to increase and decrease the pH and nutrient levels in the solution. The speed of the peristaltic pump motor, when the water pH is set at 6.5 and the nutrient concentration is set at 700 ppm, is influenced by the difference between the sensor reading and the set point. The greater the difference, the higher the peristaltic pump motor speed. Conversely, the smaller the difference between the sensor reading and the set point, the lower the peristaltic pump motor speed. Furthermore, the amount of water flowing through the pipe also influences the peristaltic pump motor speed.

This study aims to analyze the temperature distribution in an LPG-fueled chili drying machine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation was performed using SolidWorks Flow Simulation 2022 to investigate the effect of inlet air temperature and velocity on temperature uniformity inside the drying chamber. Three inlet temperature variations were applied: 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, combined with two air velocities of 10 m/s and 11 m/s. The results showed that these parameters significantly influence temperature distribution. The optimum condition was achieved at 70°C and 10 m/s with a temperature uniformity efficiency (

This study identificates the importance of singing national songs as an effort to foster a sense of patriotism among elementary school students in the era of globalization and the 4.0 industrial revolution. The weakening of nationalism among the younger generation today implies that strategies for strengthening nationalism in schools must be changed. The focus of this investigation is to examine the influence of national songs in shaping the spirit of nationalism among students. Using a descriptive qualitative method at SD Negeri 3 Menganti in Jepara Regency, data was collected through direct observation and interviews with teachers and students. The findings of the study revealed that the routine of singing the Indonesian national anthem and the Jepara march every morning succeeded in fostering discipline, pride in the homeland, and increased self-confidence among students. Although there were some obstacles in the form of a lack of mastery of the lyrics by some students, the school responded with intensive guidance and facility support. Overall, this study concluded that the consistent combination of national and local songs is a character-building and strategic educational tool in the early absorption of national values.

Motorcycles are one of the main modes of transportation widely used by the Indonesian people due to their practicality, efficiency, and ability to support daily mobility. However, many motorcycle users complain about the suboptimal engine power, especially when the vehicle is used on extreme terrains outside urban areas, such as uphill roads, rocky paths, or long distances. This situation has driven the development of various innovations in the automotive field to improve engine performance. One widely applied method is the oversize technique on the piston and piston block, which aims to increase the combustion chamber capacity, thereby maximizing the power output. This study aims to analyze the significant comparison of engine performance after the application of the oversize method on the KVY engine type, as well as to examine the factors influencing the optimization of engine performance based on the philosophy and needs of the vehicle owner. The testing method used a dynamometer to measure the increase in torque and engine power. The test results showed that the daily oversize application resulted in a torque increase of 1.19 Nm and a power increase of 0.85 Hp compared to the standard condition. Meanwhile, the oversize for competition needs showed more significant improvements, with a torque increase of 7.97 Nm and a power increase of 8.12 Hp. These findings demonstrate that the oversize method can significantly enhance engine performance according to its intended use.

The air quality index in Depok City has declined over the past three years based on data from the Depok City Environmental Agency. In response to this condition, the Depok City Government implemented a Car Free Day (CFD) policy every Sunday along Jalan Margonda Raya. The CFD program aims to improve environmental quality and air conditions while encouraging public participation in healthy activities. The success of this policy depends on how effectively information regarding the rules and objectives of CFD is disseminated to the public by the Depok City Government Public Relations Office. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy employed by the Depok City Government Public Relations Office in disseminating the Car Free Day policy and to identify obstacles encountered during the dissemination process. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through media monitoring, direct observation, and analysis of government documents.

Exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the environmental risk factors that is still widely found and has a significant impact on the health of the respiratory system, especially the upper respiratory tract. The irritants and toxic substances in cigarette smoke can trigger mucosal inflammation, interfere with the defenses of the airways, and increase susceptibility to various upper airway disorders. This study aims to systematically analyze the relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and upper airway disorders based on available scientific evidence. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with reference to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 26 articles that were analyzed narrative-synthesis. The results showed that most studies reported a meaningful association between exposure to cigarette smoke, both in active and passive smokers, and an increased risk of upper respiratory tract disorders such as rhinitis, sinusitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. Higher risks are found in passive smokers, especially children, as well as in individuals with long-term, high-intensity exposure. The conclusion of this study confirms that exposure to cigarette smoke is an important and preventable risk factor for upper respiratory tract disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the policy of non-smoking areas, public education, as well as promotive and preventive efforts in health services to reduce the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke on the health of the upper respiratory tract.

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on student learning outcomes in the Ignition System competency at SMKN 1 Katapang. The background of this study stems from the low understanding of students regarding the ignition system material due to the dominant use of the Teacher-Centered Learning (TCL) model, which tends to make students passive and only memorize concepts without understanding the overall working process. PBL is considered more relevant because it emphasizes real problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and analysis according to constructivist theory. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research subjects consist of two classes of 11th-grade Light Vehicle Engineering students: an experimental group using the PBL model and a control group using TCL, with a total population of 70 students. Data collection was done through pretests and posttests using a validated multiple-choice objective test instrument. Data analysis includes comparing the learning outcome improvements of both groups to determine the effectiveness of PBL. The results show a more significant improvement in learning outcomes in the class using the PBL model compared to the TCL class. This proves that the implementation of PBL is effective in improving analysis skills and diagnostic skills in the ignition system. Therefore, PBL is recommended as a more suitable teaching model for practice-based subjects in vocational schools, especially in automotive electrical competencies.

This study aims to improve the quality of gallon water products and strengthen the competitiveness of CV. Anugerah Gemilang through the implementation of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) using the House of Quality (HoQ). The QFD approach is employed to translate the Voice of Customer (VoC) into technical product characteristics as well as service quality attributes that influence customer satisfaction. The research method applied is quantitative-descriptive with the support of qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to customers to measure the importance and satisfaction levels regarding product and service attributes, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews to reinforce and validate the questionnaire results. Subsequently, the VoC data were analyzed using the HoQ matrix to determine quality improvement priorities based on customer importance weights. This study is expected to produce strategic recommendations in the form of prioritized product and service quality enhancements focused on customer satisfaction, thereby supporting the sustainable improvement of the company’s competitiveness.

This study investigates the incorporation of Sufi-oriented values into the management practices and production processes of MADA Drinking Water operated by the Ahlus Shafa Wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School Foundation. The research focuses on the Syafi’i ethical concept known as Giti–Gito, which encompasses spiritual and moral values including sincerity, patience, inner richness, holistic physical and spiritual well-being, as well as fairness in sharing resources. The main aim of this study is to examine how these values are implemented within pesantren-based business management and to assess their impact on employees’ work attitudes, leadership styles, and interpersonal relations in the workplace. This research employs a qualitative case study method. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and a review of relevant institutional documents. The findings reveal that the implementation of Giti–Gito values has successfully shaped a work environment grounded in religious ethics, social harmony, and humanistic principles. The Giti aspect strengthens employees’ commitment to sincerity, patience, and accountability in carrying out their responsibilities, while the Gito aspect contributes to enhancing employee welfare and fostering a sense of social responsibility. Although challenges remain in reconciling spiritual values with modern management demands, the integration of both spiritual and professional dimensions has demonstrated its effectiveness in creating a productive, ethical, and sustainable organizational environment.

This study aims to improve the quality of gallon water products and strengthen the competitiveness of CV. Anugerah Gemilang through the implementation of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) using the House of Quality (HoQ). The QFD approach is employed to translate the Voice of Customer (VoC) into technical product characteristics as well as service quality attributes that influence customer satisfaction. The research method applied is quantitative-descriptive with the support of qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to customers to measure the importance and satisfaction levels regarding product and service attributes, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews to reinforce and validate the questionnaire results. Subsequently, the VoC data were analyzed using the HoQ matrix to determine quality improvement priorities based on customer importance weights. This study is expected to produce strategic recommendations in the form of prioritized product and service quality enhancements focused on customer satisfaction, thereby supporting the sustainable improvement of the company’s competitiveness.

This study aimed to analyse the mineral water inventory management practices and improve production cost efficiency at PT. Pintar Sumber Mineral. The research utilized a quantitative descriptive method, with data collected through interviews, documentation reviews, and literature studies. The findings demonstrated that the company had successfully and effectively implemented the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. This effective implementation was evidenced by: The increase in the EOQ value corresponding with the growth in annual demand. The implementation of specific inventory management strategies that supported cost efficiency. While significant demand growth led to an increase in ordering and holding costs, the strategy of adjusting the EOQ model was able to optimally mitigate the impact of these rising costs. This study concluded that the application of the EOQ model had made a positive contribution to the company's operational efficiency.

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the accounting information system for cash receipts and disbursements in supporting the effectiveness of internal control, with reference to the COSO framework components at the Regional Public Company Water Supply Wair Pu’an. The data used in this research included primary and secondary data. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, which describes or depicts the research objects based on observable facts. Dara collection methods included documentation and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that, overall, the accounting information system for cash receipts and disbursements at Perumda Water Supply Wair Pu’an is functioning effectively, as evidenced by the alignment of its internal control system with the COSO components.

Catfish farming is one of the fisheries areas with great potential in Indonesia. However, the problem of feed efficiency, use of probiotics, and air temperature control are still the main obstacles that affect the health and growth of fish. This study aims to design and implement an automatic system that can regulate the provision of feed and probiotics and control and control air temperature directly using the ESP32 microcontroller. This system has several important components, such as the ESP32 microcontroller as a control center, servo motors for feed and probiotic distribution, and DS18B20 temperature sensors to monitor air temperature. All components can be controlled and viewed through an IoT-based application with a Wi-Fi connection or applications such as Telegram. This trial aims to determine whether this system can provide feed and probiotics according to the specified time, and maintain air temperature in the optimal range (28°C–40°C) for catfish growth. In this way, the system is expected to increase efficiency in catfish farming automatically, reduce the need for human labor, and minimize errors in pond management.

The game industry in Indonesia has shown significant growth in recent years, along with the increasing public interest in high-quality video games. AAA (triple-A) games such as Grand Theft Auto VI (GTA VI) rely heavily on trailers as their primary promotional tool to introduce the game’s atmosphere, visual quality, and complex storytelling. GTA is widely recognized as a pioneer in realistic visuals, deep narratives, and social criticism delivered through iconic storytelling, making it highly appealing to potential consumers. This study aims to examine the influence of visual narrative in the GTA VI trailer on consumers’ purchase intention within the Indonesian GTA V Roleplay Facebook community. The theoretical framework is based on Marketing Communication Theory, Visual Narrative Theory with the dimensions of clarity, realism, dynamism, and continuity, as well as Purchase Intention Theory consisting of transactional, referential, preferential, and exploratory intentions. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method, with questionnaires as the data collection instrument. The sample was selected using simple random sampling and calculated using the Slovin formula with a 5% margin of error, resulting in 92 respondents. The results indicate that the visual narrative variable achieved the highest mean score in the realism dimension (3.29), while purchase intention recorded the highest mean score in the transactional intention dimension (3.79). Simple linear regression analysis reveals that visual narrative has a significant influence on purchase intention, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.918. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.843 indicates that 84.3% of purchase intention is influenced by visual narrative, while the remaining 15.7% is affected by other factors beyond this study.

This study aims to describe the condition of clean water access and its impact on public health in Swadaya Village. The research employed a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with household heads, community leaders, health workers, and local water managers. The findings reveal that access to clean water in Swadaya Village remains very limited. Most residents rely on dug wells and river water for daily needs, while only a small portion use water from the local water utility (PDAM) due to high installation costs and limited pipeline coverage. The water quality often decreases during the dry season, becoming cloudy, odorous, and causing skin irritation. These conditions contribute to the increasing incidence of waterborne diseases such as skin infections, diarrhea, and typhoid fever. Besides infrastructure limitations, the lack of community awareness regarding hygiene and sanitation practices worsens the situation. Although the village government has proposed clean water development programs, their implementation has been hampered by budget constraints. The study concludes that clean water problems in Swadaya Village are not only related to resource availability but also to environmental management and community behavior. Therefore, improving water infrastructure must be accompanied by community education to promote a healthy, safe, and sustainable living environment.

Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) are combustion residues from coal-fired power plants. Following the issuance of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, FABA is no longer classified as hazardous and toxic waste (B3). However, FABA must still be managed properly due to its potential to cause pollution through leachate generated if leaks occur in the FABA disposal area. This study evaluates the lining and drainage systems in the FABA disposal area at PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton to ensure that leachate does not contaminate surrounding groundwater. The research employs descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, collecting secondary data to assess the structure and pollution control systems in the FABA disposal area at PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton. The data includes the disposal area structure and water quality from monitoring wells. Analysis results indicate that the FABA disposal area lining system operates effectively and in compliance with regulations, successfully containing leachate movement and preventing seepage. This is supported by pH, Fe, Hg, and turbidity levels in groundwater from monitoring wells remaining within safe limits. Additionally, the presence of a runoff pond helps contain surface runoff during heavy rain, keeping overflow water under control. Overall, the disposal area structure and leachate management system at PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton function well, but routine monitoring must continue to ensure no seepage occurs, preventing leachate from contaminating the surrounding environment as an early preventive measure to maintain environmental quality and regulatory compliance.