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The moral development of children in the early and late stages of their lives is a crucial process in shaping their character. In the early stage, children tend to rely on the influence of adults, such as parents and teachers, to understand the concepts of right and wrong. They often strictly follow rules and avoid moral violations. In contrast, in the later stage, the moral development of children becomes more complex. They start to develop a deeper understanding of morality based on the values and principles they have learned throughout their lives. Children in this stage can consider the moral consequences of their actions and develop autonomy in making moral decisions. A better understanding of the moral development of children can help adults, such as parents and educators, support the healthy moral development of their children throughout the early and late stages of their lives.  Set a good example: Children tend to imitate the behavior of adults around them. Therefore, it is important for parents and adults around children to set good examples in behavior, attitudes and communication. Teach moral values: Teach children about moral values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, empathy, mutual help, patience, etc. Discuss these values ​​with them and provide concrete examples of how these values ​​are applied in everyday life.

The development of increasingly advanced technology has both positive and negative impacts. As the next generation of the nation, awareness is needed in increasing civic literacy in the digital era. This is in line with the purpose of this study, which is to foster the character of elementary school children through civic literacy learning with its approaches to learning. By strengthening the spirit of citizenship, we want to produce a generation of qualified and qualified young people and able to actively contribute to the development of the nation and state in this digital era. Therefore, in civic literacy, it is very important to comprehensively prepare citizens to face these challenges with a firm and deep understanding. Through comprehensive civic literacy learning helps improve citizenship in society. This is an important key in building a harmonious and good society.

Technological developments have a significant impact on users, technological advances can make it easier to collect all information. The presence of technology is used by various age groups, including teenagers, adults and children. Safeguarding children against the potential adverse effects of digital technology and social media necessitates parents with a profound comprehension of the ramifications of social media. The objective of this study is to impart insight into the significance of supervising children's utilization of digital technology. Employing the literature review approach, this research delves into pertinent articles related to the research title. The pivotal role played by parents remains crucial in shielding children from the detrimental impacts of digital technology.

Technological developments have a significant impact on users, technological advances can make it easier to collect all information. The presence of technology is used by various age groups, including teenagers, adults and children. Safeguarding children against the potential adverse effects of digital technology and social media necessitates parents with a profound comprehension of the ramifications of social media. The objective of this study is to impart insight into the significance of supervising children's utilization of digital technology. Employing the literature review approach, this research delves into pertinent articles related to the research title. The pivotal role played by parents remains crucial in shielding children from the detrimental impacts of digital technology.

Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a crucial role in organizational development, including in Early Childhood Education (ECE). The focus of this research is Tulip Integrated PAUD in Rungkut Tengah Village, Surabaya. Early childhood (0-6 years) enters the golden age period where their learning patterns are based on imitation. This research aims to improve the effectiveness of early childhood learning and socialization at Tulip Integrated PAUD through the implementation of HRM. The main problems involve children's diverse characters, lack of activities, and differences in parents' mindsets. The implementation method consists of four stages: (1) introduction to the members of Tulip Integrated PAUD, (2) introducing the concept of HR Management, (3) providing active and expressive learning to students, and (4) evaluation and monitoring.The results showed that the socialization of HR Management positively contributed to the management of human resources at Tulip Integrated PAUD. Emphasis on fun and expressive teaching patterns increases early childhood participation in learning and social activities. Continuous evaluation and monitoring are needed to ensure continuity and improvement. In conclusion, the implementation of HRM and engaging learning approaches can improve the effectiveness of PAUD organizations. It creates a conducive environment for optimal early childhood development, by involving teachers, committees, and parents as part of integrated human resource management.

Nutritional intake plays an important role in optimizing baby's growth and development. The amount of nutritional intake consumed is also influenced by the process of eating activities. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Baby Led Weaning Method on baby weight in the Patingalloang Community Health Center Working Area. Quantitative research method with experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design approach. The research population was toddlers experiencing stunting who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposive sampling techniques. Research results: The intervention group with a sample size of 20 children experienced an average weight gain of 0.85 kg. The control group also experienced an average increase of 0.65 kg with a test value of p value = 0.000, where it was concluded that there was an effect of giving MP-ASI using the Baby Led Weaning Method on the weight of babies aged 9-12 months in the working area of the Patingalloang Community Health Center.    

Proper complementary nutrition is critical for child growth. Currently, UPF consumption is common, affecting IYCFP, where many older persons use CCF. Indeed, CCF has a negative impact on children's growth and development. Many factors contribute to this, one of which is a lack of assistance from other health providers, especially midwives. In Indonesia, midwives are the primary health workers that offer direct care to mothers. According to several sources, midwives continue to provide little support in this area due to insufficient experience and expertise. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness of UPF and ICYFP among midwives. The method employed is a hybrid strategy that employs successive explanation strategies. 114 midwives participated in the online study in 2022. The results of this study showed that there are still many midwives who do not know about UPF and IYCFP education and advocacy. There needs to be government support to conduct comprehensive education in the health sector, including midwives.

Laburan Baru Village is one of the villages under the working area of ​​Paser Belengkong District which is one of the stunting locus villages. Community Service by providing material related to handling and preventing stunting in Laburan Baru Village, Paser Belengkong District. Counseling or material for handling and preventing stunting is carried out through lecture methods and question and answer discussions. The target of this activity is for all community members in Laburan Baru Village, Paser Belengkong District to understand more about the dangers of stunting for children's growth and development. In this activity, the importance of good cooperation between cross-sectors to deal with stunting was also conveyed, whether as community members, village officials, health centers, and all parties must work together in handling and preventing stunting.

School-age children are children aged between 6 and 12 years and are one of the groups of children who are vulnerable to nutritional problems (Ulpa et al., 2018). Poor nutritional status in children will affect physical growth, mental development and thought processes which will impact their production power and work ability as adults (Wicaksana & Nurrizka, 2019). The aim of this service activity is to increase students' knowledge about the importance of nutrition for school-aged children to support the growth and development of school-aged children to prevent nutritional problems in school-aged children, for this reason it is necessary to carry out health promotion efforts in the form of providing education and evaluation to increase knowledge. about nutrition so that it can increase awareness of school-age children in maintaining health.

The aim of this community service is to help children's psychomotor development to control body movements through coordinated activities between the central nerve and muscles through games, hone children's abilities through coloring sketches, and provide reinforcement and motivation for children with special needs so that children do not inferior and able to compete in the world of education like other children. This activity was carried out at SLB Negeri Ende. The methods used in this service activity are game methods, socialization approaches and lectures. The results of the activity show that children are more enthusiastic about learning, because the material provided is material that is combined with games, so that lessons are more fun for children and not boring. The conclusion of this service is that the community service activities carried out are expected to improve the concentration and learning abilities of children with special needs at SLB. Negeri Ende

Growth and development are two different processes that cannot be separated and are equally important for children in the critical period of the first 0-5 years of life because they will have implications for the child's quality of life in the future. This phase is often referred to as the "Golden Age" phase. Golden age is a very important period to pay close attention to a child's growth and development so that abnormalities can be detected as early as possible. This monitoring must be carried out regularly and continuously. Early age is a golden period and an important stage in the child's growth and development process considering that at this stage rapid development occurs and has long-term effects. Therefore, early detection needs to be done so that parents or teachers can anticipate it early so that growth and development disorders do not occur continuously. In Sungai Tuan Ulu village there is a growth measurement service at Posyandu which is carried out every month but so far there has never been a measurement of development, especially for toddlers at Cahaya PAUD. The use of the Pre-Developmental Screening Questionnaire (KPSP) as a developmental screening tool up to the age of 6 years really helps with careful development. Parents and teachers need to know the current development of their toddlers. So that if a developmental delay is found, it can be handled immediately. Therefore, the activities carried out in community service include early detection of toddler development with KPSP.

One of the common vocations of Christians is to proclaim to all people of all ages. The age of the child is a golden age in development, it needs special attention in faith formation. Companions need to get enough training so that faith building in children will be right on target. Child assistance is usually carried out on Sundays so it is called Sunday school, Sunday School assistants are not professionals who get special education such as ECCE educators in schools. Many of these Sunday School faith companions are armed only to serve or guide this child's faith. This Community Service or PKM aims to equip Sunday School faith companions to be better in mentoring. With the right learning method or model, the faith materials given are in accordance with the child's reasoning and grasping power. The assistance was carried out by involving students to be directly involved in three rayon parishes in Semarang city and inviting all Semarang Rayon Sunday School Faith companions at Oak Tree Hotel on December 10, 2023, to share experiences and provide input to children's Faith Companions. As a result of this debriefing, Sunday School Faith Companions felt cared for and greatly helped in fostering faith in children.     

This journal examines The development of english learning strategies by using flash card for early childhood in Tunas Karya kindergarten, Mojodadi Village, Kemlagi District, Mojokerto. The research aims to analyze the english learning in kindergarten.. The research is using the classroom action research to improve the learning practice in the classroom, so that the learning practice can be done in more professional way. The results indicate that some factors, such as changes, can be happened in english childhood vocabulary.

Massage for babies and toddlers can be interpreted as a comfortable touch of communication between mother and baby/toddler. Touch is a natural touch for babies and toddlers which can take the form of stroking, massaging or massaging. Baby massage is beneficial for the growth, development and healthy emotional condition of children. The aim of this community service is to increase the knowledge and ability to practice baby massage among mothers who have babies/toddlers to support children's growth and development. This activity is carried out by providing outreach in the form of leaflets and baby massage demonstrations about the benefits and techniques of baby massage. Knowledge measurement is carried out by giving a pretest before counseling and demonstration and a posttest after counseling and demonstration. This counseling was carried out in one of the residents' homes in Semen Village, Kediri Regency, which was attended by 14 mothers who had babies/toddlers. The results of the counseling were obtained before the counseling was given, there were 2 mothers (14.3%) with good knowledge and after the activity there was an increase to 10 mothers (71.4%) with good knowledge. It is hoped that further counseling will focus on providing nutrition for the growth and development of babies/toddlers.

One of valuable asset of the nation is various caltural since all we know that Indonesia has rich variaty culture widely spreaded in the nation, from Sabang to Marauke. The country of Indonesia has enormous cultural capital, has the potential to function as a source of accelerating national development more quickly.A qualitative method used in this type of reseach and included checking incident. It is a technique that combines qualitative and descriptive analysis and is used to conduct this kind of research. Findings are presented in descriptive narrative, and the authors emphasize the natural and holistic focus and multi-method research.Family can take an important role in developing their childrent's socializing skill by helping the children to understand how to respect the tradition of Ash Table, and also introducing the kids  the value of religion  and culture that related to their ritual.Moreover, family has a good chance to take a part as a model for others by maintaining the consistency this routine excercise to practice. This practice has the ability to lead the family to be solid and an excellent reminder of their background of ancestors and spiritual that they share to one each other.

This research discusses educational facilities for children with special needs. Children with special needs are a group that requires special attention in education. They have different needs in accessing and participating in the learning process. In this article, we explore the importance of adequate educational facilities for children with special needs. Important aspects of such facilities include an adapted physical environment, technological support, the role of teachers and educational staff, as well as the benefits that children with special needs obtain from good educational facilities. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method where data collection is carried out by searching for articles from electronic journals, namely Google Scholar (Scholar), which can strengthen the results of the analysis. The data analysis technique in this research includes three stages, namely organize, synthesize and identify. The research results show that facilities for children with special needs have their own functions. Each facility provides its own benefits for children's growth and development. In this way, children with special needs receive maximum service.

Physical and cognitive development in middle childhood undergoes many significant changes. Children at this age develop problem-solving skills, abstract thinking, and language development in cognitive aspects. They have the ability to understand the concepts of time and space, as well as improve their reading and writing skills. At this stage, physical development includes rapid body growth, muscle strengthening, and improved motor coordination. Children usually experience rapid height growth and organ development. Physical activities and activities involving movement are becoming increasingly important for achieving an optimal level of physical fitness. These two components are interrelated, and good physical health can support cognitive development. Positive simulations, environmental factors, and education also played an important role in shaping the holistic development of the time.        

Stimulating Character Development and Independence in Early Childhood Through Entrepreneurship Activities at ADNI Islamic School Surabaya Kindergarten discusses the implementation of stimulating character development and independence in early childhood through Entrepreneurship activities at ADNI Islamic School Kindergarten Surabaya. This Entrepreneurship activity aims to stimulate positive character development and increase children's independence from an early age. By exploring business concepts practically, children are invited to develop creativity, critical thinking, perseverance and collaborate with each other. This research illustrates how the ADNI Islamic School Surabaya Kindergarten integrates the principles of Entrepreneurship into the curriculum, providing a learning experience that is more than just theory. Interactive and inclusive learning methods help children understand business values, responsibility and teamwork. The results of this program are expected to create children who not only have practical knowledge in business, but also foster positive attitudes, such as courage, perseverance, never giving up, and a responsible attitude. By utilizing Entrepreneurship activities as a means of stimulating character development and independence, research This notes the positive impact of this program on the formation of children's independent personalities. Analysis of research results and observations presents a clear picture of how these activities respond to the developmental needs of early childhood. Therefore, this research provides valuable insights for educators, parents and educational practitioners who are interested in developing comprehensive and relevant educational models to shape children's character and independence from an early age.

This research aims to find a solution to the problem of difficulties in improving language skills in terms of early reading in early childhood in group A1 in Hidayatus Shibyan Surabaya. The research method used in this research is the research and development method or often called Research and Development (R&D). The subjects of this research are students in group A1 of the Hidayatus Shubiyan Kindergarten for the 2023-2024 academic year with a total of 15 students with an average age 4-5 years old, consisting of 9 female students and 6 male students. The results of the research presented data on the differences between the use of Flipchart-based Pop Up learning media and increasing initial reading ability in group A1 of Kindergarten Hidayatus Shibyan Surabaya. From the table above, the result is tcount = - with a significance level of 0.000. Because the significance level is smaller than 0.05, Ha is accepted, and Ho is rejected. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that "There is an influence of the use of Pop Up learning media on increasing the initial reading ability of children in group A1 of Kindergarten Hidayatus Shibyan Surabaya"

This paper aims abnalyze The physical and psychosocial development of children and adolescents is a broad topic and complex. Children begin to develop the ability to think, learn, and remember, and begin to develop the ability to control emotions and interact with people other. In adolescence, individuals experience a transition between childhood and adulthood adult life is characterized by biological growth and development and psychological. Children's physical and psychosocial development of adolescents can begin with an explanation of the importance of understanding physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence. Matter This is because this period is a very important period in a person's life, in where many significant changes and developments occurred. Additionally, understanding of Physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence is also very important for parents, teachers and health workers in providing appropriate care and upbringing. Physical development during childhood and adolescence includes growth and development of body organs, nervous system, and motor abilities. Meanwhile development Psychosocial includes emotional, social and cognitive development. During childhood, Physical and psychosocial development is greatly influenced by the environment and upbringing accepted. Meanwhile, during adolescence, physical and psychosocial development is influenced by internal and external factors, such as hormonal changes, social environment, and pressure from friends peer. In discussing children's physical development and adolescent psychosocial development, it needs to be emphasized that each individual has different developments, depending on factors which influences it.