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This study investigates the impact of auditor competence and red flag awareness on fraud detection ability, examining the moderating role of professional skepticism. As fraudulent financial reporting poses a critical threat to the integrity of financial disclosures and stakeholder trust, understanding the key factors influencing an auditor's detection capabilities is essential. This study employed a quantitative approach, gathering data from auditors at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Bali Province via a four-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were subsequently analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software. The findings indicate that both auditor competence and an awareness of red flags significantly and positively enhance fraud detection capabilities. Conversely, professional skepticism, when analyzed for its direct influence, demonstrated a significant negative effect on this ability. Furthermore, skepticism exhibited a complex moderating role: it significantly weakened the positive relationship between competence and fraud detection, while not significantly moderating the link between red flags and detection ability. These results provide crucial theoretical contributions by revealing the nuanced and sometimes counter-intuitive role of professional skepticism. Practically, they inform policy for audit firms and regulatory bodies, suggesting that while fostering competence and red flag awareness is vital, the application of skepticism requires a more sophisticated and refined approach to truly enhance audit quality and overall fraud detection effectiveness.

Taxes are the largest contributor to state revenue in financing national development. Tax compliance is the act of the taxpayer in fulfilling their tax obligations following the provisions of the legislation and tax implementation regulations in force in a country. Efforts made by the government to improve taxpayer compliance are by reforming tax laws and the tax administration system. This study aims to determine the effect of tax knowledge, tax sanctions, the benefit of the taxpayer identification number, and modern tax administration systems on personal taxpayer reporting compliance at the tax office in North Badung. The population of this research is personal taxpayers at the North Badung Tax Office Services, which is based on the data of individual taxpayers, as many as 95,542 people. The sample in this study consisted of 76 individual taxpayers who reported compliance, selected using a non-probability sampling method with an accidental sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the tax knowledge variable did not affect personal taxpayer compliance, while the tax sanctions variable, the benefit of the taxpayer identification number, taxpayer awareness, and the modern tax administration system had a positive effect on personal taxpayer reporting compliance. Further research can expand on this study by incorporating other variables that, in theory, influence taxpayer reporting compliance, such as tax services.

Financial statement integrity refers to financial statements that accurately reflect the true condition of a company, without anything being concealed or hidden. The importance of financial statement integrity has become an increasingly pressing requirement that companies must fulfill in order to avoid misleading financial statement users, which could result in erroneous decision-making. This study aims to analyze the influence of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, company size, financial distress, and leverage on financial statement integrity in banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021-2023. The research population consists of banking sector companies listed on the IDX during the 2021-2023 period. This study involves 20 companies selected as samples using purposive sampling. The analysis technique used to test the hypotheses is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, company size, and leverage do not affect financial statement integrity, while financial distress has a negative effect on financial statement integrity. This study is expected to provide general input to managers or strategists at companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange to always align all interests involved in company management.

This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, word of mouth, and product quality on the purchase decision of Facetology skincare products. The study uses a quantitative method to obtain objective and generalizable results. The sample consisted of 100 respondents, who were individuals who had purchased or used Facetology skincare products. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, ensuring that the selected respondents met criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data collection was conducted through the distribution of questionnaires to the selected respondents to gather the necessary information. The data analysis technique employed was Smart PLS 4.0, which efficiently and accurately measures the relationships between variables. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the factors influencing purchase decisions in the skincare industry, particularly for the Facetology brand. The results of the study indicate that word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Facetology products. Additionally, brand image was found to have no significant effect on the purchase decision, while product quality had a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Facetology products. The implications of this study suggest that the company can leverage word of mouth as an effective marketing strategy and focus more on improving product quality to influence consumer purchase decisions.

This study examines the impact of Pentagon Fraud factors on FSF, with WBS as a moderation variable, focusing on Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) from 2021 to 2024. The Pentagon’s Fraud Theory encompasses five key elements: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance, each of which is represented by financial stability, ineffective monitoring, the quality of auditors, the experience of directors, and CEO pictures. This study aims to determine how these factors affect financial reporting that contains fraud, and whether WBS can strengthen or weaken the relationship between the two. Using a quantitative approach with secondary data from the annual reports of 104 SOEs, thisi study applied panel data regression method. FSF was measured using the Beneish M-Score, while the effect of moderation was tested through moderated regression analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of fraud in the public sector and highlight the importance of WBS as a governance tool in reducing the risk of fraud. The study contributes to the previous literature by integrating a comprehensive fraud framework and testing it with moderation mechanisms, while also focusing on specific institutional contexts (SOEs), which have not been explicity explored in previous studies.

This study seeks to evaluate the extent to which profitability, leverage, independent commissioners, and political links influence tax avoidance in Indonesian mining companies for the 2021–2024 timeframe. The mining sector was chosen because it contributes significantly to national income but is typically associated with the practice of tax avoidance. The novelty of this study lies in the addition of the political connections variable, which has rarely been studied in the context of Indonesian mining. The research data were obtained from annual reports and financial statements of companies obtained through purposive sampling, resulting in 77 observations. Multiple linear regression analysis under a quantitative method was applied, and the evidence suggests that profitability contributes positively to tax avoidance, as higher profits are associated with a stronger tendency for companies to minimize tax payments. Conversely, political connections have a negative effect, indicating that political and military experience shapes loyalty to the interests of the state, thereby encouraging tax compliance. Meanwhile, leverage and independent commissioners do not exert any influence on tax avoidance. The outcomes of this research may serve as a reference for regulators, scholars, and investors to better comprehend the determinants of tax avoidance and to contribute to enhancing governance structures and refining tax policy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between the probability of financial statement fraud and the components of the Fraud Hexagon: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, arrogance, and collusion. Additionally, we examine how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure functions as a moderator. Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2021 and 2024 are the subject of this study. We make use of secondary data gathered from business sustainability and annual reports. Purposive sampling was used to choose the bank sample depending on the completeness of the data. We use the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which works well for evaluating models with complex variables, for the analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide insights into how each element of the Fraud Hexagon contributes to financial statement fraud and how ESG Disclosure can mitigate these risks.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on financial misreporting, with investor attention as a moderating variable in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2022 period. The theoretical framework is grounded in Agency Theory and Legitimacy Theory to explain the role of ESG as an internal control mechanism and a means of gaining external legitimacy. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from annual reports and sustainability reports. Financial misreporting is proxied by earnings management measured through discretionary accruals, while ESG performance is assessed using the GRI Standards index, and investor attention is proxied by institutional ownership. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings reveal that all three ESG dimensions (environmental, social, and governance) have a significant negative effect on earnings management. Institutional investor attention is found to strengthen the negative relationship between environmental and social aspects with earnings management, but weaken the influence of governance. These results indicate that institutional investors tend to be more responsive to environmental and social issues compared to governance aspects. Practically, this study provides empirical evidence that ESG implementation can serve as a control instrument against financial misreporting in the banking sector, while theoretically enriching the literature on investor moderation in the relationship between ESG and earnings management practices.

Global climate change has prompted analysis of emission control policies, including carbon trading mechanisms and carbon taxes, to achieve a low-carbon economy. This study utilizes a bibliometric approach (2020–2025) with the Scopus database, which is processed using the RStudio application with Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny analysis and also uses the VOSviewer application, to identify publication trends and the effectiveness of emissions policies in different economic contexts, such as G20 countries or developed countries with developing countries. Thematic analysis results show dominant topics such as emissions trading, carbon capture, renewable energy, and a focus on economic development and technological innovation. The reviewed literature confirms that higher carbon tax rates are more effective in reducing emissions in G20 countries, while in developing countries, the implementation of a combination of strict carbon taxes and emissions trading mechanisms can promote substantial decarbonization. Overall, this bibliometric study confirms the growing research interest in green economy solutions and supports the urgency of adaptive, evidence-based emissions policies in various economic contexts.

Economic forecasting is becoming increasingly important year after year, especially during crises such as the pandemic of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war. Its development can be seen from the use of basic statistical models to the increasingly widespread use of machine learning technology. Economic forecasting plays an important role in helping to formulate policies and is also a reliable tool for researchers in dealing with uncertainty. Global crises, such as inflationary pressures due to the pandemic and supply chain disruptions from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have prompted increased research in this field in an effort to anticipate economic shocks and emphasize the urgency of forecasting to prepare strategies for dealing with future uncertainty. This literature review uses the Scopus database with 2561 publications from 2020 to 2025, analyzed using R Studio with a bibliometrix approach (specifically biblioshiny) and VOSviewer to map relevant thematic connections. This analysis shows that economic forecasting is greatly influenced by market uncertainty and geopolitical factors, and at the same time influences public policy formulation and financial stability. Research contributions from Indonesia are still limited, with only 40 documents, thus emphasizing the need to strengthen economic forecasting studies in Indonesia to support monetary policy and national financial stability.

This study examines the influence of work discipline, training, and motivation on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Ayu, Tegal Regency. In a public service organization such as PDAM, employee performance is crucial to ensure customer satisfaction and strengthen institutional competitiveness. A quantitative survey method was used with questionnaires distributed to all 115 employees using a saturated sampling technique, as the entire population was included. The independent variables analyzed were work discipline (attitude, compliance with rules, responsibility), training (materials, methods, instructor competence, duration, facilities), and motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic). Employee performance, as the dependent variable, was measured using indicators of work quality, work quantity, teamwork, and problem-solving ability. The data were processed through multiple linear regression to assess simultaneous and partial effects. The research findings revealed that work discipline, training, and motivation each have a positive and significant impact on employee performance, but for training has a positive and insignificant effect, this is shown by the significant results of each significant level for work discipline sig value = 0.000 (<0.05), training sig value = 0.632 (>0.05) and motivation with sig value = 0.000 (<0.05). These results highlight the importance of strengthening employee discipline, implementing well-structured and sustainable training programs, and fostering sustainable motivation strategies. This research provides practical implications for PDAM Tirta Ayu management in designing policies to improve overall employee performance, thereby improving service quality and organizational competitiveness.  

Perfume is often used to enhance self-confidence and build a positive self-image, particularly among young people in social and academic settings. Thus, purchasing decisions are shaped not only by functional needs but also by emotional and social factors. This study examines how live streaming, electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM), and celebrity endorsements influence consumers’ decisions to buy Evangeline perfume. A quantitative survey method was employed using purposive sampling, with respondents limited to FEB Udinus students who have experience with and knowledge of Evangeline products. This group was selected as they represent an active consumer segment for lifestyle and cosmetic goods. Data from 140 respondents were analyzed using multiple linear regression along with the classical assumption test. The results show that all three marketing variables significantly and positively affect purchase decisions, with live streaming being the most influential factor. These findings highlight the importance of interactive engagement, peer validation, and positive selection cues in shaping consumer trust and perception. Academically, this study contributes to consumer behavior and digital marketing research. Practically, the results suggest that perfume companies should prioritize live streaming campaigns, strengthen E-WOM strategies, and leverage celebrity endorsements to improve marketing effectiveness and increase sales.

The development of social media-based e-commerce, especially TikTok Shop, has created new challenges and opportunities in building customer loyalty, especially in the highly competitive local cosmetics industry. One of the most popular local brands is Emina, which targets young consumers with an affordable price approach and halal label. However, the level of customer loyalty is still a crucial issue that needs to be strengthened so that business sustainability is maintained. The urgency of this research lies in the need to understand how live streaming and halal labeling, as two relevant marketing strategies in the digital era, are able to shape purchasing interest that leads to customer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with the PLS-SEM technique to test the relationship between variables with 115 TikTok Shop user respondents in Semarang City. The results show that live streaming and halal labeling have a significant effect on purchasing interest and customer loyalty, and purchasing interest is proven to mediate the relationship between the two variables and customer loyalty. These findings indicate the importance of integrating interactive visual approaches and religious belief values in digital marketing strategies for cosmetic products.

This study examines the comparative volatility of gold and Bitcoin over the period January 2020 to August 2025, using monthly data and employing descriptive statistics, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, GARCH (1,1), and the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) model estimated with EViews 13. The results show that Bitcoin is characterized by extreme and persistent volatility, reflecting its speculative nature, whereas gold remains stable and functions as a conventional safe-haven asset. Correlation analysis indicates that the relationship between gold and Bitcoin is generally weak but dynamic, as the strength and direction of their co-movements change across different market conditions. These findings highlight the potential role of gold as a hedge and Bitcoin as a speculative diversifier, offering insights for portfolio diversification and risk management. These results also suggest that investors should carefully consider their risk tolerance and investment horizon when allocating assets between traditional and digital commodities.

This study examines the influence of foreign ownership, return on assets (ROA), and firm size on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure among energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2022–2024. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, including firms that consistently published annual and sustainability reports in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. ESG disclosure was measured as the proportion of disclosed GRI indicators to the total applicable indicators. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that foreign ownership and firm size significantly enhance ESG disclosure, while ROA has no significant effect. These results support legitimacy theory, suggesting that companies increase ESG transparency primarily to secure societal acceptance and maintain their social license to operate. In the energy sector, where environmental sensitivity and public scrutiny are high, ownership structure and firm scale emerge as stronger determinants of ESG disclosure than short-term profitability.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Current Ratio on Firm Value, with Sales Growth as a moderator variable, in textile and garment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2024. The population of this study consisted of 21 companies, and purposive sampling was used to select 19 companies according to the established criteria. The analytical method used was panel data regression analysis with the help of Eviews version 12.0. The results of this study indicate that Return on Assets (ROA) has a negative and significant effect on firm value, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Firm Size have a positive and significant effect on firm value, Current Ratio (CR) does not have a significant effect on firm value, and Sales Growth cannot moderate the effect of Return on Assets on firm value. The condition of ROA that has a negative effect on firm value can describe a situation where the greater the company's profit in the form of assets, the lower the company's value will be, or conversely, the higher the company's value, the lower the company's assets will be.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Current Ratio (CR), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), and Return on Equity (ROE) on the stock prices of healthcare companies classified as sharia-compliant on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period. The background of the study is motivated by notable stock price fluctuations among sharia healthcare issuers, such as the sharp decline in PT Kimia Farma Tbk and price dynamics of other issuers including KLBF, MIKA, PEHA, and SIDO. The analysis uses a quantitative approach applying Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) implemented in WarpPLS 8.0. The results indicate that CR does not have a significant effect on stock price (p = 0.174), while DER has a negative but not statistically significant effect (p = 0.484). In contrast, ROE has a positive and significant effect on stock price (p < 0.001), making ROE the dominant factor influencing investor interest. Simultaneously, the three independent variables explain only 20.2% of stock price variation, while the remaining 79.8% is influenced by factors outside the research model. The Tenenhaus goodness of fit (GOF) value of 0.450 suggests the research model has good overall quality despite the limited explanatory power of the tested financial variables.

This study examines the impact of Market Value Added (MVA), Economic Value Added (EVA), and Financial Value Added (FVA) on stock returns in energy-sector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2018–2023. A quantitative approach with multiple linear regression was applied to 23 purposively selected firms based on data availability. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports and stock prices published on the IDX website. The findings show that EVA has a significant effect on stock returns (p = 0.048 < 0.05), while MVA (0.075) and FVA (0.080) are not significant individually. However, the three variables collectively influence stock returns (p = 0.031 < 0.05). The adjusted R² of 0.396 indicates that 39.6% of return variability is explained by the model, with the rest influenced by other factors. Overall, EVA emerges as the key indicator for investors in evaluating return potential, while market-based measures such as MVA are less decisive, and historical value indicators (FVA) are less statistically relevant as predictors of stock returns. From a managerial perspective, firms are encouraged to focus on capital efficiency and sustainable economic value creation to enhance their investment appeal.

In the face of global economic uncertainty and property market fluctuations, companies in the property and real estate sector are required to maintain profitability. This sector contributes significantly to the national GDP, but it has also faced pressure due to declining demand and instability in the growth of the real estate sector's GDP from 2021 to 2024. Profitability is a key indicator of a company's sustainability, influenced by various internal factors such as liquidity, firm size, and gender diversity in leadership. The target population of this inquiry encompasses property and real estate enterprises enumerated on the Indonesia Stock Exchange throughout the 2021–2024 interval. Through the application of purposive sampling, a total of 52 data observations were delineated as the empirical sample. The dataset was subjected to scrutiny employing multiple linear regression procedures facilitated by SPSS software version 26. The empirical outcomes substantiate that liquidity, firm size, and gender diversity simultaneously influence profitability. Partially, liquidity has a positive and significant effect on profitability, while gender diversity has a negative and significant effect. In contrast, firm size does not have a significant influence on the profitability of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2024 period.

In 2024, Indonesia’s food and beverage industry recorded IDR 110.57 trillion in investment and achieved GDP growth above the national average, highlighting its rapid development and importance for the economy. However, this growth does not automatically increase firm value, as internal factors such as solvency, firm growth, and dividend policy may play a crucial role. This study investigates how those factors affect firm value in food and beverage companies listed on IDX during 2021–2024. The research population comprises 84 companies, with purposive sampling resulting in 47 observations from 13 firms over four years. Data were collected from annual reports and analyzed applying multiple linear regression with SPSS 26. The results show that solvency and dividend policy don’t significantly affect firm value, while firm growth has a significant positive impact. Simultaneously, all three variables positively influence firm value with an adjusted R² of 11.8%. The paper enriches the academic discussion by validating the applicability of signaling theory in showing that firm growth acts as a stronger signal compared to solvency or dividend policy in the food and beverage industry, offering useful implications for investors and managers.