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This study examines profitability determinants of Indonesian manufacturing firms, emphasizing sustainable practices. Using a systematic literature review and regression analysis of secondary data from publicly-traded firms, the research analyzes the impact of financial factors (working capital, size, growth) and environmental considerations (green supply chain, sustainable finance) on profitability. Findings provide recommendations for firms, policymakers, and stakeholders to enhance profitability and environmental sustainability amidst climate change challenges.

This study explores the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically Linear Regression and Decision Tree Regressor, for predicting student academic performance using academic grade data from Kaggle. The analyzed factors include attendance, assignment grades, midterm exam grades, and final exam grades. The research methodology encompasses data collection, preprocessing, model development, training, and validation. This study contributes to the field of educational data analytics by demonstrating how machine learning can provide actionable insights into students' learning patterns and academic outcomes. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of Linear Regression for linearly distributed data and Decision Tree Regressor for capturing complex, non-linear relationships. The implications of this research suggest that machine learning models can assist educators in identifying key factors influencing student performance, enabling targeted interventions to enhance learning outcomes. Future research should explore larger, more diverse datasets and incorporate ensemble methods, such as Random Forest or Gradient Boosting, to improve model generalization and prediction accuracy. Additionally, integrating socio-economic and psychological factors could provide a more holistic perspective on academic achievement.

The results of this study concluded that the implementation of the learning process at Pondok Pesantren Al Hamziyah Karangmenggah Wonorejo Pasuruan tends to experience positive development and has obtained good results in efforts to develop students' creativity. The indicators can be seen in: (1) the increasing number of students registering as prospective new students, (2) increasing the passing grade of the lowest test scores received as new students, (3) increasing the average score obtained by class III students, (4) increasing growth and the development of educational facilities, (5) increasing the acquisition of championship achievements in the extracurricular field, (6) increasing the quality of graduates who continue to higher education, although the number received is not comparable to the participants who register. From the perspective of empowerment, the results of this study have implications for the development of the learning process broadly, namely the emergence of shared awareness among education managers and teachers that the learning process is not only to transfer knowledge, but also to develop all the potential of students, including the creative potential of students.

The aim of this research is to determine the pattern of parenting practices of immoral parents towards children in the Poncol Region, and to determine the parenting practices of immoral parents towards children in the Poncol Region from the perspective of the Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. This research is field research (Field Research). Field research is research that focuses on the context of individuals, groups, organizations, social situations and social interactions. Meanwhile, this research uses a normative juridical approach with the provisions of Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002. This research uses two data sources, namely primary data in the form of data from interviews with research objects and secondary data in the form of Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 and official documents related to this research. The results of the research show that the parenting patterns of families with disabled students in the Poncol area according to the Child Protection Law number 23 of 2002, some of them treat children correctly without taking or abusing the child's rights. So it can be concluded that there are still some who have not carried out their obligations as parents to care for, educate and protect their children. So, when parents do not fulfill their obligations, the child does not get full rights.

The Traditional Nias Calendar in Bawodobara Village refers to a Moon cycle or Moon phases consisting of the first 15 days called the bright Moon and the last 15 days the dark Moon, this calendar system is classified as a lunisolar calendar with astronomical calculations. In addition to using the phases of the Moon and Sun, the Nias people use the Star Orion to determine the seasons each year (Sara Wangahalö). This study aims to (1) understand the Nias tribe's calendar system in Bawodobara Village from an astronomical perspective and (2) determine why the Nias Bawodobara community uses a calendar system. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data collection methods and sources include documentation, interviews, and observations. This data analysis uses three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study shows that the Nias Tribe Calendar in Bawodobara Village uses celestial bodies such as the Moon and Sun phases as a reference for the changing seasons. The calendar from the perspective of astronomy helps the Nias people carry out daily activities such as farming, raising livestock, cooking, eating, and sleeping schedules. The Calendar System in the Nias Tribe in Bawodobara Village has the names of the months in the traditional Nias language, so that it becomes a characteristic and unique feature of the Nias Tribe Calendar System.

Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, with a global prevalence of 5–10% (Khedagi & Bello, 2021). This study aims to analyze the effect of reproductive status—maternal age, gravidity, and parity—on the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Educational Hospital, Medan. A case-control design was employed with 96 respondents, consisting of 48 cases and 48 controls. Bivariate analysis revealed that pregnant women aged ≥35 years have a 2.839-fold higher risk of developing hypertension compared to those aged <35 years (OR=2.839; 95% CI: 1.123–7.177; p=0.027). First pregnancy (primigravida) increases the risk by 2.742 times compared to multigravida (OR=2.742; 95% CI: 1.047–7.178; p=0.040), while nulliparous women have a 2.714-fold higher risk compared to those who have given birth (OR=2.714; 95% CI: 1.101–6.693; p=0.030). Multivariate analysis identified maternal age ≥35 years and nulliparity as the most significant predictors (p=0.005). These findings align with studies by Wiranto & Putriningtyas (2021), Hinkosa et al. (2020), and Luo et al. (2020), which confirmed that advanced maternal age and nulliparity increase the risk of pregnancy complications. The novelty of this research lies in integrating all three reproductive status factors as simultaneous predictors of hypertension risk, providing a new perspective compared to previous studies focused on single variables. Based on these findings, early detection and targeted health education for high-risk mothers are strongly recommended.

The Qur’an is a source of life, but many people ignore religious values ​​in solving their life problems. This article aims to examine everything that will be limited in time in the study of Islamic education. This article is a literature review in a qualitative descriptive setting, with inductive analysis. The findings show that all humans cannot escape the tests of life according to their respective portions. Islam teaches that in problems there are rewards and wisdom for people who try to solve them and are patient with them. This study focuses on the importance of an optimistic attitude in undergoing life's trials and the best perspective on a problem. It is hoped that the results of this research will contribute to Islamic education.

Bangli Regency created an e-government  based public complaints program called Bangli Era Baru 24 Hour Fast Service. Implementation of this program builds synergy among all public service delivery organizations, one of which is Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta. However, in implementing this synergy there are still various problems. This research aims to determine the extent of the synergy in handling complaints about clean water services in Bangli Regency from an electronic government perspective and analyze the influencing factors. This research applies descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that the synergy between Diskominfosan and Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta in handling clean water service complaints has gone well. The support and value elements have been fulfilled because there is clear regulatory support, stakeholder commitment, and benefits felt by the community and stakeholders. However, there are elements of capacity that have not been met because there are challenges such as limited human resources and a minimal budget for managing complaint channels. The recommendations include increasing human resource capacity, better budget allocation, and optimizing outreach to increase community participation. Kabupaten Bangli menciptakan sebuah program pengaduan masyarakat berbasis e-government  yang bernama Layanan Cepat 24 Jam Bangli Era Baru. Implementasi program tersebut membangun sinergi seluruh organisasi penyelenggara layanan publik, salah satunya adalah Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta. Namun dalam pelaksanaan sinergi ini masih memiliki berbagai permasalahan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk  mengetahui sejauh mana sinergi  penanganan pengaduan pelayanan air bersih di Kabupaten Bangli dari sudut pandang electronic government dan menganalisis faktor–faktor apa yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sinergi antara Diskominfosan dan Perumda Air Minum Tirta Danu Arta dalam menangani pengaduan  pelayanan air bersih telah berjalan baik. Elemen dukungan (support) dan manfaat (value) sudah terpenuhi karena terdapat dukungan regulasi yang jelas, komitmen pemangku kepentingan, dan manfaat yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat maupun para pemangku kepentingan. Namun, terdapat elemen kemampuan (capacity) belum terpenuhi karena terdapat tantangan seperti terbatasnya sumber daya manusia dan minimnya anggaran untuk pengelolaan kanal pengaduan. Pemberian rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, alokasi anggaran yang lebih baik, dan optimalisasi sosialisasi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat.

This research aims to analyze the legal status of marriage promises within the perspective of unlawful acts (PMH) according to the Indonesian civil law system, and to examine judicial considerations in determining legal liability and compensation in cases of marriage promise breaches in Decision Number 18/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mgg. This study employs a normative approach with a case study method. The findings demonstrate that breaking a marriage promise can be qualified as an unlawful act if it meets the elements of Article 1365 of the Civil Code (KUH Perdata), namely the presence of an unlawful act, fault, damages, and causality. In Decision Number 18/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mgg, the judge ruled that the breach of marriage promise resulting in material and immaterial losses can be sued as an unlawful act. The judge's considerations include analysis of evidence, causal relationships, and the impact of damages suffered by the plaintiff. This decision emphasizes the importance of legal protection for individuals harmed by marriage promise breaches.

Islamic Religious Education is a subject aimed at fostering noble character and instilling spiritual values in students. One indicator of the success of our education system is the success in strengthening faith and piety as well as cultivating noble character. The nobility of character and morals is a tangible measure of the goals of national education. However, the reality is that Islamic Religious Education in schools today is more bound to the school system, which is more focused on teacher-centered learning approaches. Educators play a vital role in achieving the desired learning outcomes in the teaching and learning process. Meanwhile, students act as both subjects and objects in applying the contextual teaching and learning method. Teachers can use various methods to convey information to students (transfer knowledge), whether it is related to teaching materials or global perspectives. The process of knowledge transfer through conventional methods can no longer be sustained, as society expects students to be intelligent and responsive to the times, not merely passive observers and listeners. The breakthrough offered by education experts is a new concept called contextual teaching and learning (CTL). This method is not merely about transferring knowledge from teacher to student but also empowers students to engage, experiment, and reconstruct the material they learn from the teacher, correlating it with their real-life experiences. The hope is that they can solve various problems in their lives, families, and communities. This research focuses on three aspects: character education, religious character, and character education through a contextual approach aimed at forming religious character. Based on this discussion, the objective of this paper is to understand: Character Education, Religious Character, and Character Education through a Contextual Approach in shaping Religious Character. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature study.

The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

This study aims to examine Quraish Shihab's understanding and perspective in popularizing the Qur'an, focusing on Surah Al-Fatir: 29. This surah was chosen because it contains an important message about the role of reading and understanding the Qur'an in everyday life. In this study, a qualitative approach with analysis of the interpretation text is used to explore the meaning and relevance of the verse according to Quraish Shihab. This study found that Quraish Shihab emphasized the importance of reading the Qur'an with full appreciation, not only as a ritual activity, but also as a life guide that can be applied in social life. He also invited Muslims to make the Qur'an a source of inspiration in facing the challenges of the times. Through this understanding, society is expected to be closer to the Qur'an and apply its teachings in everyday life. This study contributes to the understanding of contemporary interpretation, as well as promoting the importance of popularizing the Qur'an as a relevant and applicable life guide.

This article explores the concept of religious moderation in the Islamic perspective and how Islamic education can play a role in maintaining harmony amid diversity. Using the literature study method and qualitative analysis, this research shows that moderate Islamic values, such as tolerance, deliberation, and ukhuwah Islamiyah, must be instilled early on through Islamic education. Religious moderation education is proven to be able to prevent radicalism and build an inclusive attitude in social life.

Law has a regulatory and coercive nature, which means that everyone must obey the existing orders and prohibitions to maintain order and justice in society. The main purpose of law is to create order and justice. The legal research method is a way used to study legal rules and their application. This research is usually conducted with a scientific approach, namely looking for relevant data to answer existing problems. One method used is qualitative research, where researchers examine existing legal literature or sources to understand legal concepts more deeply. In legal research, there are two main approaches: first, studying the legal texts themselves normative studies, and second, seeing how the law is applied in society empirical approaches. These two approaches help us understand the law from a theoretical and practical perspective.

This research aims to describe the portrait of women from the perspective of patriarchal culture who are always considered to be in an inferior position, and experience various acts of discrimination in the domestic and public spheres. These acts of discrimination take the form of marginalization, subordination and repression which are represented by female characters in the literary works La Barka and Nayla. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. This research uses a feminist literary criticism approach. The data in this research is in the form of exposure to words, sentences, dialogue and helping which reflect patriarchal domination in the form of marginalization, subordination and repression experienced by the female characters in La Barka and Nayla. The data source in this research is the literary work entitled La Barka by Nh. Dini and Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. Based on the results of data analysis and research findings, it was concluded that in La Barka and Nayla data was found regarding (1) patriarchal domination in the form of marginalization, (2) patriarchal domination in the form of subordination, and (3) patriarchal domination in the form of repression.  

Climate change is a global challenge that is becoming more urgent for countries around the world to anticipate its negative impacts. Especially for archipelagic countries, including Indonesia, the impact of climate change such as rising sea levels cannot be underestimated because it leads to sovereignty issues. In the context of sovereignty, this research tries to analyze the impact of climate change on Indonesia's national sovereignty in relation to international law by focusing on three main topics, namely the perspective of international law on a country's maritime territory, the impact of climate change on Indonesia's sovereignty, and actions that can be taken to avoid the negative effects of climate change. The conclusion of this research shows that Indonesia is facing complex legal challenges in dealing with the impacts of climate change where international law has not provided arrangements related to the sovereignty of archipelagic states if climate change causes the islands that are part of the country to sink. However, advocating for the application of the principle of baseline permanence can help Indonesia protect its maritime interests in the midst of global climate change.

Rapid urbanization has led to an increased demand for food in urban areas. At the same time, land limitations and dependence on external supplies pose significant challenges to food security. Urban agriculture is an innovative solution for producing local food using limited land and modern agricultural techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, vertical farming, and rooftop gardens. This approach allows urban agriculture to be more resource-efficient, reduces distribution costs, and minimizes its environmental impact by lowering its carbon footprint. In addition to environmental benefits, urban agriculture also brings social and economic benefits by raising awareness of food sustainability, creating new business opportunities, and enhancing food independence in urban communities. This research uses a literature review method to examine various articles discussing the development, obstacles, and implementation of urban agriculture in different countries. The results show that urban agriculture makes an important contribution to improving food security while also providing a sustainable alternative for the global food system. Therefore, promoting the growth of urban agriculture from the perspective of sustainable food security requires support from government institutions, the private sector, and local communities.

The maritime industry is undergoing rapid technological transformation, yet the role of scientific paradigms in shaping technological decision-making remains underexplored. This study examines how epistemological reasoning influences leadership approaches to technological innovation in maritime business management. The research is motivated by the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice, ensuring that technological advancements are implemented with structured decision-making rather than reactive adaptation. This study provides an original contribution by evaluating the intersection of leadership, epistemology, and technological adoption—a perspective largely overlooked in previous maritime innovation research. While digital transformation is widely discussed, few studies address how structured epistemological reasoning affects decision-making in technology adoption. The research seeks to answer: To what extent do scientific paradigms influence technological decision-making in maritime leadership, and what challenges hinder epistemological integration? Using a qualitative methodology, the study engages industry experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students, applying thematic and comparative analysis to explore epistemological competency development and sustainable innovation. Results indicate that leadership adaptability and epistemological literacy significantly enhance digital transformation efforts, yet barriers such as regulatory constraints and resistance to structured reasoning persist. The study concludes that embedding epistemology into maritime education and leadership training is essential for ensuring sustainable, data-driven technological decision-making in the industry.

Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife whose aim is to form a happy and eternal family (household) based on the belief in the Almighty God. Law 1/1974 refers to the validity of a marriage held by Indonesian citizens based on the laws of their respective religions and beliefs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process in relation to Hindu Religious Marriages and analyze the validity of Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriages Based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. It becomes a problem when a community of Towani Tolotang believers are "forced" to choose Hinduism among the religions recognized by the government, which then relegates their belief to just a custom. The next big question about how the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process relates to Hindu Religious Marriages is how is the validity of the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. The research was carried out in Sidrap Regency, Panrenge Telelimpoe Village, Province. South Sulawesi, data collection was obtained using interviews and analyzing data from literature references, either from books or from journals via the internet. After the data obtained has been collected, it will then be discussed and explained in accordance with applicable regulations and the final results will be concluded. The results of the conclusions must be in accordance with the research results from the title "The Validity of Marriage in the Towani Tolotang Traditional Perspective (Study in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Province)", Based on the results of the analysis and interviews regarding Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage and Hinduism, namely that the procedure or process of marriage what is carried out by the Towani Tolotang Custom is not the same as the provisions of the marriage procedures in Hinduism, furthermore the Towani Tolotang Customary Marriage is declared valid according to the provisions of the Law. Marriage in Indonesia is because the marriage is carried out in accordance with the principles or principles and values ​​contained in Law 1/1974.

An Analysis of the Film "Penyalin Cahaya" in Building Suspense Through Handheld Techniques, focusing on how this technique influences audience perception, enhances emotions, and builds the story's atmosphere through camera movements that follow the characters' perspectives. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes several scenes that utilize handheld techniques to create suspense in "Penyalin Cahaya." The use of handheld techniques to build suspense serves as a foundation for understanding how these techniques provide a unique dynamic through camera movements that enhance realism and tension in the scenes. This study aims to explore how, in "Penyalin Cahaya," handheld techniques are effectively used to portray the complexity of characters' emotions and create an immersive visual experience, thereby increasing audience engagement and strengthening the film's narrative. The results show that "Penyalin Cahaya" successfully creates an immersive suspenseful atmosphere through realistic and emotional handheld techniques, intensifying psychological tension and establishing an intimate connection with the audience.