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The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing technologies has introduced new security challenges due to the distributed, heterogeneous, and dynamic nature of these environments. Conventional static security mechanisms, such as rulebased authentication and fixed trust models, are often inadequate for addressing evolving threats and abnormal behaviors in largescale IoT systems. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a machine learningbased trust evaluation framework for enhancing security in distributed IoT environments. The proposed approach dynamically assesses the trustworthiness of IoT nodes by analyzing behavioral and interactionbased features collected at the edge layer. Machine learning models are trained to classify nodes into trusted and malicious categories and continuously update trust values in response to changing network conditions. Based on the predicted trust levels, adaptive security decisions are enforced to allow or restrict node participation in data sharing and computation processes. A quantitative experimental evaluation is conducted using simulated distributed IoT scenarios that include both normal and malicious behaviors. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1score, and detection effectiveness, and is compared against conventional static trust and rulebased security mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the proposed machine learningbased trust evaluation approach achieves significantly higher detection accuracy and robustness while maintaining low computational overhead. Overall, the findings confirm that integrating machine learning into trust management provides an effective and scalable solution for securing distributed IoT systems under dynamic and adversarial conditions.

This research aims to produce an LKPD product with a realistic mathematical approach that is valid, practical and effective for improving students' mathematical communication skills. This research and development is based on the stages of the 4D development model by Thiagarajan which was adapted to 3D including the definition, design and development stages. The subjects in this research were the X-Mipa 1 class of SMAN 2 Kabanjahe, totaling 30 people. Based on the research conducted, the validity of the LKPD obtained an average assessment of 89.47% by material experts and 88.15% by media experts with very valid qualifications. Through a questionnaire on the practicality of LKPD by teachers and students, an average of 90.27% was obtained by teachers and 92.12% by students with very practical qualifications. The implementation of learning by applying LKPD with RME was carried out to see the effectiveness of LKPD in obtaining results, namely achieving classical learning completeness. 86.67%, achievement of learning objectives was achieved in questions 1,2,3,4 and 5 and achievement of efficient learning time, from the effectiveness assessment reference, the LKPD developed was classified as effective. The increase in mathematical communication skills that occurred was an increase in the moderate category with an average gain score of 0.632. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the LKPD with RME that was developed met the qualifications of being valid, practical and effective.

The discovery learning model is a learning model that can directly involve students into learning activities through an argument, students can argue, discuss, and can read for themselves and try themselves, so that students can do learning independently. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the DL (Discovery Learning) type cooperative learning model by applying it to informatics learning in class X.2 and X.4 SMA Negeri 14 Maros is expected to achieve the objectives to be achieved. This research method is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four meetings, the first part as cycle 1 and 4 meetings the second part as cycle 2 and 4 meetings. The research subjects consisted of class X.2 students totaling 36 people and class X.4 students totaling 35 people. The collection techniques were documentation, observation, and tests. The results of this study can be concluded that in its application in the learning process of the Discovery Learning learning model, students are very good at responding to the material presented, it's just that some students when in the learning process there are students who sleep and do not focus on receiving material and also telling stories with their friends. And also student learning outcomes on informatics learning improved better from the aspects of attitude competence, knowledge competence and skill competence. Therefore, it can be concluded that by applying the Discovery Learning learning model, students are very creative in the learning process.  

Based on the results of the needs analysis in the learning process, a development of learning media is needed. This research aims to create this product to be more valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical understanding. This research and development uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate) development model. The subjects of this research were 30 students of class X Science 1 at SMA Methodist 7 Medan. The research results show that the Android-based learning media developed has obtained a very high level of validity, with an average percentage of 90.38% according to material experts, 87.77% according to media experts, then 90.90% according to lesson plan validators and results. Validation from experts on pre-test and post-test questions showed a percentage of 92.70% and 91.67%, respectively included in the "very valid" criteria. Positive responses were also found from teachers and students during small group and large group trials, with an average score of 96% from teachers, 94.4% from small groups, and 90.2% from large groups. This shows that this media is very practical to use in the learning process. Apart from that, the results of implementing this interactive learning media also show its effectiveness with the average percentage of responses to the effectiveness of learning media by students obtained at 92.23%. The classical learning completion level reached 96.67%, and the effectiveness questionnaire obtained an average percentage of 86.67%. The increase in students' mathematical understanding can be categorized as moderate improvement. Based on this research data, it can be concluded that the Android-based learning media that we have developed has met the criteria of being valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical understanding.

The students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Menara Qur'an Baiturrohman in Cangkring Sari Village, Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency face the problem of boredom in the teaching system. In overcoming this problem, a work program was created with the main objective of teaching reading and writing the Qur'an. The method implemented in the implementation of the work program is the ABCD method. The results of this work program show that students are able to more quickly understand the teaching process provided by the KKN team of Sunan Giri University Surabaya. The KKN team implemented teaching in the form of groups, by classifying each volume and Al-Qur'an. As a result, KKN participants can also understand how each student learns, considering that each student has a different learning process. This program succeeded in increasing the effectiveness of teaching and providing a better understanding of the students, as well as providing insight to the participants of the real work study regarding learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Menara Qur'an Baiturrohman.

This study examines the impact of a character-based curriculum on students' ethical and moral development in educational settings. Using qualitative research methods, including lesson observations and teacher interviews, the research highlights the crucial role of character-based approaches in shaping students' ethical foundations. Results demonstrate that implementing programs fostering honesty, responsibility, and cooperation significantly contributes to positive personality development. These findings underscore the importance of character-based education, emphasizing not only academic performance but also the cultivation of ethical and moral character. The implications suggest the need for more comprehensive curricula to address social challenges and strengthen education's role in shaping students' character. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of character-based education in fostering a holistic and positive learning environment.

The curriculum is the most important thing in the world of education, the curriculum is used as a guide in the learning and teaching process. In this case the teacher has an important role in implementing the curriculum and determines the success or failure of delivering material to students. However, along with the erratic curriculum changes, there are many perceptions or complaints from English teachers about it. This is an important thing to discuss to find out the effectiveness of curriculum changes in Indonesia. The purpose of writing this journal is to find out the point of view of each teacher who specifically teaches English subjects towards curriculum changes in Indonesia. It also aims to find out what are the obstacles and advantages of the curriculum when implemented along with the impact of curriculum changes on the strategies or ways of teaching English teachers. The method used is a qualitative research method used to collect data through in-depth interviews with English teachers in several schools. the sources used in this research are journals, books, and other academic sources. Thus, this research can provide a better understanding of teachers' perspectives that play an important role in determining the success of curriculum change in learning.    

This research is classroom action research which aims to determine the improvement in student learning outcomes in the Indonesian language subject for class X SMA Negeri 5 Maros. The subjects of this research were class X of SMA Negeri 5 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year with a total of 36 people. This research was carried out in two cycles and each cycle consisted of 6 meetings. The results of this research show that the application of audio-visual based learning media can improve the effectiveness and learning outcomes of students in Indonesian language subjects. Quantitative analysis shows that learning outcomes in the initial test were 38.88%, in cycle I there was an increase of 52.77% and then in cycle II it was 100%. This means that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes.

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the discovery learning learning model in improving informatics learning outcomes of grade X. 3 students of SMA Negeri 14. The Classroom Action Research Method (PTK) is implemented in two cycles. The subjects of the study consisted of 34 students of grade X.3. Collection techniques include documentation, observation, and tests. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Discovery Learning Model learning model is very effective when applied in the classroom.  

This research aims to explore and analyze the influence of collaborative learning on students' problem solving skills at SMK Negeri 1 Kendit. The literature review method was used as the main research approach to develop a conceptual framework and gain an in-depth understanding of this topic. Collaborative learning is identified as a learning model that encourages active interaction between students, promotes joint problem solving, and improves social skills. A literature review involves searching related sources in the fields of education, collaborative learning, and students' problem-solving skills. The results of the literature analysis show that collaborative learning can make a positive contribution to the development of students' problem solving skills in vocational schools. Interaction between students, self-empowerment, and joint problem solving through collaborative learning can help students develop skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem solving which are key to success in the work environment. This research provides an important contribution in the context of curriculum development and learning strategies at SMK Negeri 1 Kendit, by identifying collaborative learning principles that can be applied to improve students' problem solving skills. The practical implications of this research involve the formulation of recommendations for teachers and policy makers in the field of education to increase the effectiveness of collaborative learning in the context of vocational high schools.

Social media (social media) has now become a part of the life of Indonesian people who are very phenomenal. Various kinds of advantages and conveniences are offered to interact with everyone both in terms of business even from various circles. Not only that, with the development of internet use and communication technology devices such as smartphones that are increasingly advanced, it has become one of the drivers of the growth of new networking sites that offer friends and information online. Social media has also become the backbone as a means of communication in this digital century. This study aims to determine students' perceptions about the extent of the use of social media in helping them learn English. English that is expected to be understood and learned is English in hospitality and also in advertising language. English that is expected to be understood and learned is English in hospitality and also in advertising language. This research is important to find out how students perceive the effectiveness of using social media to support their learning and understanding and creativity in the field of English for Hospitality and in compiling advertising language. A total of 50 students from the English Literature study program of Udayana University will be used as data sources in conducting this research. This research will use qualitative methods with a case study design. The use of questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews will be carried out in collecting data. In analyzing the data will use a basic statistical model of the results of questionnaires on students. Meanwhile, the results of the interview data will be analyzed with the Flow model from Miles and Huberman.

In this research, a machine learning approach, especially a decision tree model, is implemented to improve the analysis and visualization of weighbridge data in Indonesia. The evaluation results show that the decision tree model provides better insight in predicting the carrying capacity, dimensions and loading procedures of vehicles. The advantage of this model lies in its combination of low Mean Squared Error (MSE) and high R-squared, indicating its effectiveness in capturing data variance and providing accurate predictions. The use of decision tree models can be a valuable tool in improving the visualization of bridge weighing data, allowing users to gain additional insights and understand the complex dynamics within the data. In addition, the model's adaptability to various types of data makes it a versatile analysis tool. The positive implications of using this model open up opportunities to understand more deeply the logic of predictions and make more informed decisions. As a suggestion, increasing the number and quality of weighing equipment, wider application of information and communication technology, human resource training, and cross-sector collaboration can further strengthen weighbridge management in Indonesia.

Student management is a process of guidance or coaching for students starting from initial entry to graduation from an educational institution in order to guide students so that participating in teaching and learning activities can run optimally and also so that in the process students can comply with the regulations that have been implemented and minimize student for committing violations. The research that will be carried out aims to determine the influence of the quality of student management on the level of discipline of Wustho level students at Madrasah Diniyah Al Amiriyyah Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. Student management is one of the most urgent school management because it is directly related to students regarding guidance to them for the effectiveness of teaching and learning activities. This research method uses quantitative methods. This type of research will use quantitative descriptive. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire which will be tested for validity and reliability. To find out whether there is a significant influence between student management on the quality of discipline of Wustho level students at Madrasah Diniah Al Amiriyyah Darussalam Islamic Boarding School Blokagung Banyuwangi for the 2021/2022 Academic Year using the Pearson product moment formula.

This research aims to reveal the role of madrasa head leadership in improving teacher performance at MAS Islamiyah Tamiang. The research background illustrates the importance of educational leadership in achieving the effectiveness and efficiency of educational institutions. The focus of the research is on the duties and functions of the madrasa head in Learning Management (PBM) at Madrasah Aliyah Islamiyah Tamiang. The research method used is field research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews, field notes, documentation and observation. The research results show that madrasa heads play an active role in improving teacher performance by involving them in training, training, seminars and other activities. Routine supervision is carried out to accompany and improve the teaching and learning process. Apart from that, the madrasah principal provides motivation, rewards, and includes teachers in workshops to improve professional competence. The research conclusion shows that the leadership of the madrasa head has a positive impact on teacher performance. The madrasa head carries out his role by involving teachers in various activities that support competency development. However, the research also identified several weaknesses in the supervision of teacher discipline and use of time, as well as suggestions for improving the optimization of supervision by madrasah heads.  

The quality of Indonesian education is the absolute responsibility of the Ministry of National Education which is implemented as a manifestation of macro policies that are applied simultaneously in Indonesia. Policy is a whole set of concepts and principles that become the outline and basis of plans in the implementation of policies set to achieve goals as targets that must be achieved. Problems found by researchers during initial observations of research related to the implementation of character education management at SMAI Integral Hidayatullah Boarding School Batam are Character education management innovations at SMAI Integral Hidayatullah Boarding School Batam have not been fully felt by students as objects of policy implementation. The effectiveness of the implementation of character education management is considered less effective with no synergy found between planning, implementing and evaluating the achievement of character education management targets due to less than optimal school support. This research implements qualitative research methods. Qualitative research activities, the data collected are not numbers but in the form of words or images. The data in question is in the form of interviews, field notes, personal documents and others. The results of the study formulated several efforts made in overcoming obstacles in developing students' interests, attitudes, and positive behaviors at SMAI Integral Hidayatullah Boarding school, one of which is to intensify the discipline of madrasah residents, because discipline is a factor that supports success in improving the quality of education. Strive for learning facilities and infrastructure, utilize free space for religious practice, work on software gradually, and add supporting books through the BOS program, and arouse student interest with various learning methods.

The importance of using media in the mathematics learning process has become the main focus in increasing the effectiveness and attractiveness of learning. One interesting approach is the development of opportunity card-based learning media. This research aims to develop and release opportunity card media as a mathematics learning aid that can increase students' understanding of concepts and interest in learning. This media development is carried out through the stages of requirements, design analysis, development and evaluation. The research method used is development research using the Kemp model which includes several stages, such as needs analysis, planning, development, implementation and evaluation. Each stage has specific steps that help process developers design and organize learning materials more effectively. The research subjects involved class XII students at SMA Negeri 62 Jakarta. The research results showed that the opportunity card media developed received a positive response from students and teachers. Understanding of mathematical concepts increased significantly, and students' interest in learning also increased. and also provide an interesting learning experience and can increase student involvement in learning.

The importance of using media in the mathematics learning process has become the main focus in increasing the effectiveness and attractiveness of learning. One interesting approach is the development of opportunity card-based learning media. This research aims to develop and release opportunity card media as a mathematics learning aid that can increase students' understanding of concepts and interest in learning. This media development is carried out through the stages of requirements, design analysis, development and evaluation. The research method used is development research using the Kemp model which includes several stages, such as needs analysis, planning, development, implementation and evaluation. Each stage has specific steps that help process developers design and organize learning materials more effectively. The research subjects involved class XII students at SMA Negeri 62 Jakarta. The research results showed that the opportunity card media developed received a positive response from students and teachers. Understanding of mathematical concepts increased significantly, and students' interest in learning also increased. and also provide an interesting learning experience and can increase student involvement in learning.

Security Guard Training and Training in Sukoharjo faces challenges in increasing the effectiveness of learning and concentration of participants. The activity "Ice Breaking as a Concentration for Security Guard Training Training in Sukoharjo" is proposed as an innovative approach to start training in a fresh and fun atmosphere with the aim of providing a brief overview of the importance of ice breaking in the context of security guard training in Sukoharjo as an effort to achieve optimal learning effectiveness. Ice breaking is seen as an essential first step to build relationships between participants, create a comfortable atmosphere, and increase participant motivation. The method for this service is in 3 stages starting from opening, content and closing and the population is security guards in Sukoharjo. The conclusion is that the implementation of ice breaking in security guard training in Sukoharjo is not just an opening step, but is a critical element in achieving training objectives by providing a strong foundation for effective and continuous learning.

The main problem in this research is the lack of short story writing skills in class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. So the researchers used Bolding media (rolling balls). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Bolding media (rolling balls) on the short story writing skills of class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of Pre-Experimental Design. The data source in this research was 15 class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. Data collection was carried out using the results of the assessment of short story writing skills. The data obtained was then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, researchers found that student learning outcomes before using Bolding (rolling ball) learning media were relatively low, namely the average score of the Pre-test results was 58 .33, then the average value of the Post-test results is 85.67. After obtaining tCount 9.223 and tTable 2.14479, we get tCount > tTable or 9.223>2.14479. Based on the results of tCount and tTable, it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the use of Bolding (rolling ball) learning media is effective on short story writing skills for class V elementary school. Presidential Instruction for Parang Village, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency.

This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of online learning physics courses in universities. This research is a literature study by taking references from several journals and library sources with a narrative presentation to see the effectiveness of online learning in universities. As educators, lecturers utilize various learning media and digital applications which are expected to be integrated into the student learning experience and still  refer  to  learning  outcomes  in  the  semester learning  plan  (RPS).  Physics is a compulsory subject.  Online learning in physics courses at universities is indeed quit good, but has obstacles to understanding the physics material taught  by lecturers, including the learning provided is more dominant in theory and practicum activities are not optimally implemented.  So that the effectiveness of online learning of physics courses in universities can be categorized as quite effective because the results are not optimal.