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A lifter is a device used to lift and move objects or materials from one place to another. Lifters are commonly used in the industrial world, examples of lifters are forklifts, cranes, stackers, drum lifters and hydraulic lifters. A lifter is a device used to lift and move heavy objects such as wooden pallets, boxes, or other industrial goods. One of the important components of a lifter is the handle which functions as a hand grip to move the lifter. A lifter handle is a handle or hand grip to push a lifter. The right material to use as a handle lifter is SS400. SS400 (Structural Steel) is a low carbon steel (mild steel) that complies with ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) A36 or JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3101 standards. The Handle Lifter manufacturing process includes the cutting process, namely cutting from an initial length of 6 meters to 150mm. The milling process is cutting lengths and thicknesses with a length of 135mm with a first thickness of 13mm, a second thickness of 15mm and a third thickness of 13mm. Drilling process, where this process involves making a hole with a diameter of 10mm. The grinding process is a finishing process that aims to smooth uneven surfaces. And finally, Quality Control is carried out to check whether or not the goods being produced are suitable. Based on the calculation results, the productivity value for making Handle Lifters in 1 day was obtained, where the working hours used were 8 hours, resulting in 17 Handle Lifters.

Elderly in UUD Number 12 of 1998 is someone who has reached the age of 60 years or more. WHO states that the elderly population in Southeast Asia is 8%, around 142 million people.  WHO data for 2020 in the Southeast Asia region, the elderly population is 8%, around 142 million people. In Indonesia, based on data obtained by BPS in 2022, it was found that the number of elderly people aged 60 years and over was 10.8% or around 29.3 million people. At this age, people usually tend to experience a decline in body function more easily, due to the aging process that occurs in the elderly. The aim of this literature review is to determine the relationship between physical activity and a decrease in depressive symptoms in the elderly. This research uses a literature review method.based on the results of a literature review of 10 journals, the average results show that the more often elderly people do physical activity, the less symptoms of depression. The results show that physical activity has a significant relationship with reducing depressive symptoms in the elderly. Factors such as intensity, and type of physical activity also influence the effectiveness of reducing depressive symptoms.

Handicrafts have become an integral part of Indonesian society as a form of livelihood that also has artistic value with selling prices that vary depending on the level of difficulty. There are many types of handicrafts, such as those made from woven bamboo, ceramics, used materials, beads and leather. The development of fashion in the current era is very rapid. One of them is beads. Beads are small decorative objects that have various profitable business opportunities. The discovery of beads was part of the Indonesian cultural revolution because of their important function and quality so they are still produced and used from the past until now. The aim of this service is to improve the quality of human resources and increase the existence of MSMEs through bead craft training, namely making cellphone straps, bracelets and key chains. The methods used are coordination, training, mentoring, follow-up planning and reflection. The process of implementing this work program is gradual, continuous and ongoing. The results of the bead craft training activities had a positive impact in that all residents who regularly took part in the training succeeded in practicing it independently, so that creativity and innovation in producing contemporary products could be realized. The results of the interviews at the reflection stage showed that all participants who initially could not make bead crafts, after going through training were 100% able to make the bead products they were interested in. So this bead craft training is highly recommended as an increase in creativity.

This study analyzed the use of deixis in the lyrics of Arctic Monkeys' AM album to understand its contribution to narrative meaning and emotional connection with listeners. The purpose of the study was to explore how linguistic elements, particularly deixis, function as pragmatic tools in popular music. Using Levinson's (1983) theory, the study identified five types of deixis: persona, spatial, temporal, social, and discourse. The analysis examined their functions in the pragmatic context of song lyrics. According to the rules, the results showed a dominant pattern of person deixis, which strengthened the emotional connection between the narrator and the listener. Additionally, temporal and spatial deixis enriched the narrative by emphasizing time and place contexts. These findings suggested that linguistic elements in song lyrics reinforced emotional and narrative experiences. This study concluded that deixis contributed significantly to enhancing listeners' emotional and narrative engagement, offering valuable insights into the use of language in creative media such as music and the broader study of pragmatics.

Wood Craft is the art or skill in making an item that has a decorative function, Wood carving is an art that requires technical skills, also involves creativity in design and execution in its creation using wood as the main medium, in its creation the author made this work for wall decorations based on Traditional Karo Ornaments. The choice of Karo Ornaments in this work is because the author sees many types and uniqueness in their forms and in an effort to preserve Karo culture, especially in traditional ornaments. In the process the author uses carving techniques including recapan, buledan, krawinga, and krawengan. These techniques help the author in creating varied works. The stages of creation in this work the author uses the method proposed by S.P Gustami. The stages of the process of creating a work of art from this method are: 1. Exploration Stage 2. Design Stage 3. Realization Stage. The process of creating this work begins with making a design, transferring the design to wood media, carving wood according to the design pattern, sanding/smoothing the wood, and finishing with a layer of varnish. The result of this creation is 12 different sized craft works made of wood media for wall decorations based on Karo ornaments with carving techniques

Children as the next generation of the nation require special attention to health aspects to ensure optimal growth and development. One of the worrying health threats is the high exposure of children to cigarette smoke, which contains dangerous chemicals such as nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide. Exposure to cigarette smoke can damage the respiratory system, interfere with brain development, and affect the function of vital organs, especially in early childhood whose body systems are still vulnerable. The impacts include an increased risk of respiratory tract infections, asthma, and various other health problems that can have long-term impacts. The role of parents is very important in efforts to prevent exposure to cigarette smoke, starting from setting an example by not smoking to creating an environment free from cigarette smoke. In addition, education about the dangers of cigarette smoke needs to be given to children from an early age to increase their awareness of the importance of maintaining health. The active role of parents in building a healthy environment and educating children about the risks of cigarette smoke is an essential step in creating a healthier generation free from exposure to cigarette smoke.

The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung or MA) plays a central role in upholding the principle of justice as the final stronghold in Indonesia's judicial system. This article examines the role of the MA in ensuring substantive justice, efficiency, and transparency in judicial processes, as well as its contribution to the development of law and public policy. Using a qualitative review analysis approach, the discussion explores the MA’s functions in case resolution, safeguarding integrity, improving accessibility through technologies like e-court, and addressing globalization challenges. This article also highlights the MA's protection for vulnerable groups, such as indigenous communities and victims of discrimination, and its responses to cross-border issues like cybercrimes and human rights violations. The conclusion reveals that while the MA has made significant progress in enforcing the law, challenges such as case overload, perceptions of corruption, and gaps in access to justice remain critical concerns. Continuous reforms, enhancing judges' professionalism, and technological innovation are key measures to ensure the MA remains relevant and effective in delivering substantive justice for society.

The following article has the following objectives: (1) to understand the meaning of role playing (2) the purpose of implementing role playing (3) the function and provisions in implementing the role playing model for elementary school students (4) the advantages and disadvantages of using role playing. In implementing role playing, there are quite good benefits for training and increasing creativity and understanding students' learning and mathematical concepts, especially at the elementary level. At that age, a strong understanding is needed because they are not yet able to think abstractly. Therefore, a method is needed that emphasizes the concept so that it is easier for students to learn mathematics. It is also necessary to make more efforts to emphasize understanding the concept so that students have a good enough basis for thinking to achieve other cognitive abilities.

This study explores the concepts of Al-Istikhdam and Al-Istithrad as part of stylistic devices in the Arabic rhetoric discipline (balaghah). Al-Istikhdam refers to the use of a single word with two different meanings in a specific context, while Al-Istithrad involves the insertion of additional sentences or ideas without deviating from the main discussion. The study aims to identify the application of these two concepts in classical Arabic texts, particularly in literary and rhetorical works. The method employed is textual analysis of primary sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, and classical poetry. The findings reveal that Al-Istikhdam is used to enrich meanings and refine stylistic expression, whereas Al-Istithrad functions to provide additional explanations that strengthen the main argument without disrupting narrative flow. This research is expected to offer new insights into the beauty and complexity of the Arabic language and its contribution to the development of balaghah studies.

This research aims to analyze the summation of blood cells so that it becomes a reference for pharmacy students in their learning and becomes the foundation for further study of pathology, pharmacology, and therapeutic mechanisms that they can use in professional practice. This study uses qualitative research, primary data sources and secondary data sources generated from literature studies, data types in the form of qualitative, data collection techniques in the form of tracing previous research, data analysis techniques in the form of qualitative descriptive.  Blood is one of the organs in the human body that is very vital. Blood is a unit consisting of blood cells and blood plasma. This analysis is carried out to obtain information about the sum of blood cells in the human body, hospitals or laboratories conduct blood analysis with excellent accuracy but the shortcomings lie in the slow process and the accuracy becomes non-standardized because it depends on the level of expertise/experience of the operator and also the level of fatigue. Efforts to overcome the length of time and for the purpose of initial diagnosis can use image processing techniques based on blood cell morphology. Along with the development of technology, there are currently several researchers who are conducting various studies in the application of computerized methods used in the classification of white blood cell types. The main function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from the lungs and distribute it throughout the body. The analysis of human blood is very important, especially related to the diagnosis of a disease. Based on the results of this study, it shows how many red blood cells are present in the body and can be applied to detect a disease. For pharmacy students, an understanding of the sum of blood cells is necessary to develop knowledge and will be useful in clinical practice.

The use of fertilizer in plant cultivation is basically carried out to meet the availability of nutrients for plants in order to obtain optimal results. However, excessive use of fertilizer can actually have a negative impact on the ecosystem, such as environmental pollution and decreasing soil quality. The use of biofertilizer as a substitute for biological fertilizer is an alternative that can be used to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer is a biological fertilizer containing various live microorganisms which is used to increase plant productivity by improving the quality of soil fertility. One of the microbes that acts as a biofertilizer is the Bacillus sp. The purpose of this article is to find out how Bacillus sp. functions as a biological fertilizer that can increase soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Bacillus is a genus of bacteria that can be used as a biofertilizer because of its more varied antagonistic mechanisms and ability to produce endospores. The method used in this article is a meta-analysis or literature review method in several journals published online which are integrated with Google Scholar.

Agricultural microbiology plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of the agricultural sector, contributing to global food security. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae, have various roles in increasing soil fertility, controlling plant pathogens and supporting biodiversity. This research aims to explore the role of microbiology in supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Through observations of various applications of microorganisms in agriculture, it was found that microorganisms can function as biopesticides, biofertilizers and organic waste processors. The research results show that microorganisms are able to optimize agricultural yields, improve soil health, and reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals.

This research discusses the use of code-mixing in the lyrics of the song “Now I Know” by Kaleb J. Code-mixing, in the form of the insertion of English elements into Indonesian lyrics, often appears in modern music as a response to globalization. A qualitative research approach is used to identify the forms of code-mixing (words, phrases, and clauses), its function, and its impact on the song's message. The results of the analysis show that code-mixing dominates the chorus with English to accentuate emotional intensity, while Indonesian is present in the verses to provide a narrative that is familiar to local listeners. The use of two languages reflects a balance between local and global elements, enhancing the musical aesthetics and international appeal of the song. Intercoding acts as a linguistic and artistic tool that expands the range of listeners, supports the themes of love and regret, and strengthens pop music's connection to globalization trends.

This research examines adjective clauses in the book “Rahasia Lancar Berkomunikasi” by Mulasih Tary & Devy Ardiyanti. The study aims to analyze and reveal the formation, types of meanings, and functions of adjective clauses in the book, as well as their relation to real-life situations in society. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a theoretical approach, analyzing adjective clauses based on data by considering their structural formation and classifying them descriptively align with relevant theory. The adjective clauses found in the book “Rahasia Lancar Berkomunikasi” include those with meanings related to physical conditions, inner qualities, and emotional states. By understanding the formation, the type of meanings, and functions of adjective clauses in connection with everyday life, it is hoped that readers will gain better insight into effective language use. Knowledge of the role of adjective clauses in daily communication can serve as a foundation for society to interact more wisely and build good social relationships and it can assist in related fields.

A phrase combines words with one function, and its use is essential in language. Many phrases were discovered in various media, one of which is in the historical text of Borobudur Temple, published in the World History Encyclopedia. This research aims to discover the category or grouping of phrases in historical texts, especially adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with a qualitative approach that produces descriptive data in the form of written words. The research results show that there are eight adjectival phrases and fifteen prepositional phrases in the historical texts studied. “Very close” is one of the adjectival phrases found in the historical text, while “Toward the northwest” is one of the prepositional phrases in historical text. This research aims to understand the use of adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases in a sentence to make effective sentences.

The elderly often face challenges such as decreased cognitive function, social isolation, depression and anxiety that can affect their overall quality of life. Providing art therapy to the elderly is closely related to understanding its benefits to their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The purpose of providing art therapy to the elderly is to promote holistic well-being through creative expression, social interaction, and meaningful artistic experiences. The method of implementation is by providing art activities to the elderly who are divided into several groups, carried out for 1 x meeting, each for 1 hour. The target of this activity is the elderly residents of the Mulia Dharma Elderly Rehabilitation Social Institution, Kubu Raya Regency.  The results of the activity are in the form of artwork and documentation of art creation activities. Participants showed enthusiasm in participating in art creation activities with flower arranging activities and coloring pictures. Participants showed a happy attitude towards the work produced. Art therapy in the elderly is an effective approach in improving the quality of life in old age. Through creative expression, social interaction, and artistic experiences, older adults can find greater happiness, meaning, and well-being in living life.

Basically, God created His creatures perfectly. On the other hand, it turns out that God also created humans who do not have five senses, or incomplete body functions, such as the blind, deaf, physically disabled, even mentally disabled so that they have limitations in carrying out daily activities and are often considered different from others. A person who has physical or mental limitations due to illness or injury is called a disability. Being a person with a disability not only affects the person themselves, but often their families, especially their parents. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of pastoral care for parents who have children with disabilities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The population and sample of this study were parents, namely the father and mother of a child with disabilities in Pamalian village, Sorkam sub-district, Central Tapanuli district. In an effort to provide pastoral counseling assistance with a Client Centered approach to parents who have children with disabilities, there are several approaches taken by the companion, namely, listening, reflecting, explaining, and being fully present. From the research results, pastoral counseling with a client-centered approach can help parents who have children with disabilities understand that what happened to their child is not a mistake or punishment due to sin so that parents can accept their child's condition.

There are two issues studied in this thesis, namely: the management of Village Unit Cooperatives in improving the welfare of members in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency and the management of Village Unit Cooperatives from a sharia economic perspective. The aim of this research is to determine the management of Village Unit Cooperatives in improving the welfare of members in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency and to determine the management of Village Unit Cooperatives from a sharia economic perspective. To reveal this problem in depth and comprehensively, researchers used a qualitative approach by collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is field analysis using an interactive model including data reduction, data display, data verification. From the research results, it can be concluded that: In the management of the Village Unit Cooperative in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency, 4 (four) cooperative management functions are implemented, namely: planning, organizing, acting, and monitoring. controlling). There are business units such as supermarkets, convenience stores, savings and loans, agricultural production facilities, and the provision of fertilizer which are solutions for the community according to their individual interests. In the management of the Village Unit Cooperative in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, according to an Islamic economic perspective, namely using the principle of shura' (deliberation) in every decision making, and also using the principle of ta'awun (mutual assistance) in the Village Unit Cooperative which has been implemented but equated with the principle of mutual cooperation.

Cultural influences have changed the design of mosques in the past and present, causing differences in some respects. This research focuses on Bandung City, namely on Cipaganti and Al-Jabbar mosques as representations of the past and present. Using a qualitative and comparative approach, data was collected through triangulation of interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis refers to the theory of Islamic Architecture Typology including architectural aspects (typology of space and form) and contextual aspects (function and style). The findings show that the Cipaganti and Al-Jabbar Mosque designs show significant differences in the development of Islamic culture in Bandung. Cipaganti has many traditional elements and local culture, while Al-Jabbar adopts a modern and multifunctional approach, creating a broader social and educational center.

This paper presents an IoT-enabled dual-axis solar tracking system that integrates  a Kalman filter and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller to enhance tracking accuracy, energy efficiency, and operational stability. Addressing the ongoing challenge of maxi- mizing photovoltaic (PV) panel output, the proposed system leverages an ESP32 microcontroller and the Blynk platform to provide real-time monitoring, remote parameter adjustments, and flexible connectivity. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors measure sunlight intensity from multiple directions, while MG90S servo motors dynamically adjust the panel’s azimuth and elevation. The Kalman filter refines noisy sensor data to yield precise sun position estimates, enabling the PID controller to respond quickly and accurately to deviations in panel orientation. Through extensive testing conducted over several days, including both clear and partially cloudy conditions, the system achieved an average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as low as 1.2° under clear skies and maintained RMSE below 2.0° even under partial shading. Compared to a fixed-panel baseline, daily energy harvesting improved by approximately 43%. These results confirm that advanced estimation and control algorithms, when combined with IoT functionali- ties, significantly outperform simpler tracking methods and static installations. Furthermore, the low-cost, compact design and user-friendly interface facilitate practical deployment in a range of scenarios, including small-scale and off-grid installations. By ensuring continuous alignment of the PV panel with the sun, the system not only increases overall energy capture but also reduces maintenance requirements through remote oversight. This research thus offers a robust, scalable approach to improving solar energy utilization in diverse and evolving environmental conditions.