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Literacy is an individual's ability and skills in language i.e. reading, writing, speaking, calculating and problem solving at a certain level of expertise required in daily life. Bullying is as unwanted aggressive behaviour of another young person or group of young people who are not siblings or current dating partners involving an observed or perceived imbalance of power and repeated several times or very likely to be repeated. To prevent bullying, efforts are made to conduct reading and writing literacy activities. The purpose of this study is to see how often students of the Faculty of Medicine, Gorontalo State University do literacy reading and writing, especially about bullying. This study uses a qualitative method, namely an observational survey conducted on the management of the Student Executive Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Gorontalo State University. The results obtained from 15 respondents who were interviewed found that all respondents knew about bullying. Only 2 people have never read about bullying, while 13 have. Writing literacy there are only 2 people who have done about bullying and 13 others never. From the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that all respondents knew about bullying, most had done reading literacy about bullying, and only a small proportion had done writing literacy about bullying.   

This service aims to analyze the application of Optical Line Terminal (OLT) with splitter and passive splitter ratios at eight Optical Distribution Points (ODP) in the Fiber To The Home (FTTH) network. Through distance measurements, observations, and analysis of the power link budget and rise time budget, this research evaluates the performance of the FTTH network and determines the optimal configuration for the OLT and splitter. The results show that proper OLT settings and splitter ratios can significantly improve optical network performance. These findings provide practical guidance for internet service providers in designing efficient and reliable FTTH networks.

The influence of a color alphabet learning media to provide an understanding of memorizing an alphabet to improve the reading power of class 1 MI Miftahul Ulum students, where in this learning students are provided with a color alphabet teaching aid to make it easier for students to memorize the alphabet and improve their reading ability. In this study, the researcher formulated a problem whether color alphabet learning media would affect the reading ability of grade 1 students at MI Miftahul Ulum. In this research, the "qualitative" type is used, the researcher is the key, the data collection method is triangulation, and the data assessment is subjective, feeling tense, meaning that a "hypothesis" occurs. Based on the existing results, the level of reading memory ability of grade 1 students at MI Miftahul Ulum The use of color alphabet series media is relatively low, namely 40%. Furthermore, after applying the color alphabet series media, the reading memory ability of MI Miftahul Ulum class 1 students increased, reaching 80%, then looking at the existing results, the level of reading memory ability of MI Miftahul Ulum class 1 students after applying the alphabet series media color is high.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of sales tax on luxury goods (PPnBM) on consumers purchasing power to buy motorized vehicles. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing literature related to the concept of tax, PPnBM, consumer purchasing power, and the characteristics of motorized vehicles. The research results show that PPnBM has a negative effect on consumer purchasing power because it increases the costs that must be borne when purchasing motorized vehicles. Factors such as income and price influence consumer purchasing power. PPnBM is imposed on certain vehicles according to their categorization and rates, and the calculation uses the tax base. This research concludes that the imposition of PPnBM has an impact on reducing consumers ability to purchase motorized vehicles because it reduces purchasing power. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the imposition of PPnBM on consumers.

Based on national policy, renewable energy is a source of energy that can be renewed, such as water, geothermal, sun, biomass, wind, changes in sea temperature, biogas, biofuel and sea waves. The sun is a type of renewable energy that is used to fulfill human needs. This condition is because the sun is basically eternal or never runs out, so its use is easier than other renewable energy. PLTS is a power plant that converts sunlight energy into electrical energy, often called a solar cell. This design is intended to study the hybrid PLTS design system to reduce dependence on electrical energy from PLN. A hybrid system is a system that uses two energy sources which will then back up each other. The results of this test in the solar panel test, the highest voltage was 17.51 ​​and the highest current produced by the solar panel was 4.12, and the battery charging test for 9 hours was 51.85Ah. Weather conditions and time differences cause the light intensity received by the panel to produce varying values, voltage, current and power due to uncertain weather conditions.

This study explores the concept and urgency of the constitution in the context of national and state life. The Constitution is a fundamental legal document that provides a framework for the organization and operation of the state, as well as establishing the basic rights of citizens and limits on government power. The constitution also plays an important role in maintaining political stability, ensuring justice, and protecting human rights. The urgency of the constitution is reflected in its function as a basis for the supremacy of law, promoting national unity, and balancing power between state institutions. This study identifies that a good understanding of the constitution is important for the success of a democratic system and the sustainable development of a country.

Customs is everything related to the supervision of the traffic of goods entering or leaving the customs area as well as the collection of import and export duties. Based on this definition of customs, the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) has a very strategic role in both supervision and service. Economic life between one country and another is increasingly interdependent so that legal provisions in the field of international trade and transnational business are increasingly necessary. As time goes by, the presence of corporations in the economy is like a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can provide benefits for economic growth through state income in the form of taxes thereby increasing the country's foreign exchange and on the other hand, it can threaten state income because corporations often commit crimes to gain as much profit as possible by falsifying goods export documents. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 1 paragraph 3 states that Indonesia is a legal state. In accordance with the concept of a rule of law, everything related to processes carrying out aspects of government power is based on law, including the law enforcement process in cases in the customs sector, especially in the export sector. This research uses normative legal research methods. Normative research is research carried out by examining library materials using data sourced from secondary data, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data collection in this research was carried out by document study and literature study. Then it is described qualitatively to make it easier to draw conclusions from the data. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations to commit criminal acts of falsifying export documents and to find out what corporate criminal liability is for criminal acts of falsifying export documents according to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2006 concerning Customs.    

Education has an important role in improving the quality of human resources in Indonesia. Education is greatly influenced by various factors, such as students, teachers, infrastructure and the environment. As technology develops, the use of technology in education becomes increasingly important. Through a program introducing Microsoft Office (Word, PowerPoint, and Paint) and making simple calculators, this research aims to improve the basic technology and mathematics skills of students at SDN Carangwulung 3. The introduction of Microsoft Office is expected to improve students' ability to use technology, while making simple calculators for make it easier for students to count. This research uses qualitative research methods, with observation, interviews and non-numerical data analysis. The research results show that the program introducing Microsoft Office and making simple calculators can improve students' basic technology and mathematics skills. This service effort emphasizes the importance of using technology in improving the quality of education, as well as efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the education sector. Apart from that, this research also shows that there are efforts to increase exposure to SDGs in Carangwulung Village through programs carried out by Group 04 KKNT MBKM UPN "Veteran" East Java.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are very important to the Indonesian Economy, but often MSMEs face problems in terms of marketing and management. In an effort to increase consumer buying interest, this Service Activity investigates effective marketing, branding, and employee performance strategies for MSMEs. Cheesecuit Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face key challenges related to marketing, branding, and performance that can impact consumer awareness and interest in purchasing products. This service identifies factors that influence consumer buying interest and analyzes what marketing, branding, and management strategies are appropriate to increase consumer buying interest for cheesecuit businesses. The proposed solutions include building an integrated marketing strategy, utilizing digital marketing, improving product quality, building partnerships and distribution networks, training and mentoring for MSMEs, as well as improving Resource Management in improving employee performance. This service activity is expected to have a positive impact on business actors in order to increase consumer purchasing power and provide benefits for business owners.    

This study examines the concept of Freies Ermessen in government policy and how the principles of General Principles of Good Governance (GPGG) are used to establish the basis for discretionary actions. Freies Ermessen grants government officials the freedom to act without being entirely bound by law, primarily aiming to enhance public welfare. However, within the framework of a legal state, the use of discretion must meet GPGG elements such as public service objectives, active state administration actions, law-permitted actions, self-initiative, addressing urgent issues, and moral and legal accountability. This research employs normative legal methods to examine the internal aspects of positive law, focusing on how GPGG can be used as a concrete basis for public officials in exercising discretion. GPGG serves as a guideline for the government to ensure their actions align with legal purposes and avoid abuse of power. These principles also assist citizens in seeking justice and provide a basis for judges in reviewing administrative decisions. The study highlights the significance of shifting GPGG from unwritten to written law, as stipulated in Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, to facilitate officials in using these principles as guidelines. The implementation of discretion regulated by this law aims to streamline government administration, fill legal gaps, provide legal certainty, and overcome government stagnation for public benefit and interest.

Zam-zam water is water that appeared in the Nahi Ismail period, long before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Zam-zam water has received direct testimony and justification from the Prophet Muhammad as the best water on earth which contains many benefits. Explicitly, the properties of Zam-Zum water are stated in the hadith, which is considered authentic according to the scholars. This article, in an integrative-interconnective manner, tries to examine the existence of Zam-Zam water through a hadith perspective and a scientific perspective. From a hadith perspective, zam zam water will be studied using several hadith critical methodologies, both from the text of the hadith (mam) or the transmitter’s transmission (sanod). Meanwhile, through a scientific approach, zam-zam water will be researched more deeply so that a scientific fact can be found that the substances contained and the molecules that are arranged in zam-zam water are better than other substances or water molecules. This, in this article, will be proven by: the results of research by Masaru Emuto, a water expert from Japan, regarding the natural power of water, the magic of Zam-Zam water, and the beauty of the crystals that Zam-Zam water forms. Jodi, the Prophet Muhammad’s justification for Zam-Zam water is embodied by the truth of modern scientific research facts. So it can be said that the agenda to reconcile religion and science is not in vain.

The factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five are very substantial to be studied. This aims to find out what factors are related so that power action and efforts to improve nutrition can be taken in the community. Because health is a form of human right which is explicitly mandated by the 1945 Constitution. Education and time for mothers and the health of parents, especially mothers, are one of the causes of malnutrition in toddlers. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and the nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Public Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency. The research procedure was by measuring body weight, mothers of children under five were given a nutritional status questionnaire. Data analysis using the Chi-square test showed that from 45 samples. The majority of children's nutritional status is good (77.8%). There is a relationship between mother's knowledge and nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Public Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency (p = 0.001). There is a relationship between maternal education and the nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency (p = 0.005). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that knowledge, , education of mothers are related to the nutritional status of children under five. It is recommended that all mothers continue to seek information about children's health, especially the procedure for providing nutritious food to toddlers."

This study aims to analyze how ChatGPT has an impact on the way students and students think critically in the academic field. This article examines this topic based on descriptive qualitative research techniques with the perspective of critical discourse analysis, Foucault's model of knowledge and power. The media used as material for analysis in this research is excerpts from the GCED ISOLAedu podcast with the podcast title "ChatGPT: This is the Best Response in the World of Education". The results of this research show that critical thinking skills can be threatened if humans as actors do not have awareness of ChatGPT technology education itself and require strategies, especially teaching staff, in creating students and students who are able to have ethics and critical thinking skills in responding to ChatGPT technology.

Indonesia is a country that has a republican form of government based on Pancasila. The aim of the research is to determine the concept, position and function of Pancasila as the source of the Indonesian state. Research was obtained through the literature study method, namely by reading and searching from books, journals, laws and other relevant literature sources. with the problems contained in this journal. The research results show that Pancasila as the basis of the State means that every constitutional aspect of the Republic of Indonesia must be based on Pancasila values. This means that Pancasila must always be the spirit or power that animates activities in forming the State. The function of Pancasila is as a guide to life, in this function Pancasila has a role as the basis of every view that exists in Indonesia. Pancasila must be a guide in making one's own decisions in dealing with a problem. Pancasila is the soul of the nation, in this function Pancasila must be the soul of the Indonesian nation. Therefore, Pancasila must be realized in every institution, both organizations and individuals in Indonesia. Pancasila as the national personality, in this function Pancasila can also be called the identity of a gift from God that we must guard.

Setiap harinya hampir semua orang selalu melakukan aktivitas sehari – hari berada di luar ruangan maupun diluar rumah seperti: bekerja, bermain, berlibur, maupun berolahraga. Ruangan yang ditinggalkan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kehilangan barang akibat pencurian maupun terjadinya kerusakan pada barang yang ada di dalam ruangan. Sistem pendeteksi gerakan dan penangkap gambar ini dimaksudkan untuk membantu pemilik ruangan melihat apakah ada pergerakan manusia yang terjadi di dalam ruangan saat pemilik tersebut berada di dalam maupun di dalam ruangan. Perancangan alat pendeteksi gerakan ini  menggunakan sensor Passive Infrared (PIR), microcontroller ESP32-CAM, Relay, Buzzer dan MB102 Breadboard Power Supply. Sistem ini berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dan menggunakan backend as a services (BAAS) sebagai media penyimpanan menggunakan Supabase, data yang disimpan pun akan ditampilkan di aplikasi smartphone, aplikasi tersebut dibuat menggunakan flutter, pada aplikasi tersebut pemilik rumah dapat melihat gambar, dan kapan terjadinya pengambilan gambar tersebut. Sistem pendeteksi gerakan manusia ini bekerja sangat baik, selain membunyikan alarm saat sistem mendeteksi adanya pergerakan manusia, sistem ini mengambil gambar yang dikirim ke aplikasi android dan memberi notifikasi. Dengan adanya sistem ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi kehilangan barang dan kerusakan pada ruangan

This research compares the social, economic and governmental conditions of Indonesia and Iran. Socially, Indonesia and Iran face challenges in maintaining social harmony amidst diversity. Economically, Indonesia is bigger and more advanced than Iran, but both countries experience economic disparities and infrastructure problems. International sanctions are impacting Iran's economy while Indonesia continues to strive to become more competitive in the global market. From a political perspective, Indonesia is a representative democracy, while Iran is an Islamic republic whose highest power is held by a spiritual leader. However, corruption and demands for political reform remain challenges in both countries. Despite significant differences, both countries have similar challenges in terms of maintaining stability, overcoming inequality and improving governance. This study provides valuable insight into social, economic and political trends in Indonesia and Iran that can be used to develop more effective policies to improve people's welfare and strengthen government systems.

Legislation regarding judicial examination procedures requires forensic experts, article 133 of the Criminal Procedure Code paragraph (1), explains that in the case of an investigator for the purposes of justice regarding a victim who has been injured, poisoned or died allegedly because of an incident which constitutes a criminal act, the judiciary has the authority to submit a request expert information. In medical experts, justice and other experts. Why do you need a forensic doctor? Because it is impossible for investigators, judges, prosecutors to know all the knowledge in the field of medicine which will later be used to deal with criminal cases related to the human body, for example: violence, murder, suicide. With this, the authorities will ask for help from a doctor as an expert witness, the doctor's testimony as an expert witness, the doctor's testimony is regulated by law. In handling murder cases, a forensic autopsy is needed which will provide clear information regarding criminal cases. Accordingly, a forensic autopsy will produce tools that can be used as evidence in deciding a case by a judge. With a forensic autopsy, the cause of a person's death will be known. Therefore, an autopsy is very much needed in the investigation of criminal acts of murder and during the trial process. This research aims to understand the process of proving the criminal act of murder in the Gorontalo District Court with case number 61/PID.B/2023/PN.GTO. and the use of autopsy evidence in the process of proving this research is analyzed normatively, namely research that analyzes the reciprocal relationship between legal facts and social facts which can be seen as independent variables and social facts as dependent variables. murder that was not accompanied by an autopsy.

The growth of the human population and increased purchasing power drive greater demand for broiler meat, posing challenges for farmers to enhance their productivity and business efficiency. The development of closed-house cages offers a solution to improve production efficiency. This study compares the productivity and financial analysis between the cage and postal models. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive method, the research was conducted over a single rearing period in cages and postal setups at PT Dinamika Megatama Citra (DMC) without any specific treatment. Research parameters encompassed body weight gain, mortality, FCR, harvest weight, and Performance Index. Financial analysis was conducted using indicators such as the R/C ratio, B/C ratio, Break-Even Point (BEP), and Return on Investment (ROI). Results indicate that in cage conditions, mortality stood at 4.07%, FCR at 1.718, average weight at 2.2 kg, and Performance Index at 287.5. Meanwhile, postal cages exhibited higher mortality at 8.79%, FCR at 1.732, average weight at 2.3 kg, and Performance Index at 285.6. In financial analysis, cage systems had a BEP price of Rp 19,726/kg with a unit BEP of 40,616 kg, an R/C ratio of 1.039, a B/C ratio of 0.039, and an ROI of 3.92%. Conversely, postal cages had a BEP price of Rp 19,507/kg with a unit BEP of 39,924 kg, an R/C ratio of 1.05, a B/C ratio of 0.05, and an ROI of 5.09%.

Vehicle electrification is becoming a growing trend in the transportation industry due to environmental concerns. Therefore, various global efforts are being made to develop electric-driven ships using environmentally friendly energy sources such as batteries. In the implementation of electric and solar-powered shipbuilding, there is always the potential for delays in completion. This is very detrimental to shipyard owners and even ship owners because it is not to the initial plan. Shipyard owners and shipowners must bear greater or unexpected costs due to delays in work. Other risks also have the potential to arise when electric and solar-powered ships are completed until operation. Delays in the completion of electric and solar-powered shipbuilding can be caused by various things. Through this research, the risk analysis of the development of the electric and solar-powered ship industry is discussed in terms of several aspects, namely market, legal, technical, socio-economic environmental, and financial aspects.

Battery storage systems are essential for stabilizing renewable energy grids, especially for sources like solar and wind power that are inherently variable. This study evaluates various battery technologies and their effectiveness in storing and redistributing energy within renewable energy grids. Through simulations and analysis of performance metrics, the study offers insights into optimal operating conditions for different battery types, highlighting their role in enabling sustainable and stable energy distribution.