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- Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) deliveries continues to increase in Indonesia. Bali Province ranks first nationally, with a cesarean delivery rate of 53.2%. Cesarean section results in surgical wounds that cause pain in postpartum mothers. One non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain is early mobilization through video media. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers before and after receiving early mobilization through video media. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of post-cesarean mothers at Singasana Regional General Hospital. A total of 26 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of early mobilization delivered through a 3-minute and 23-second video, accompanied by healthcare personnel. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Most respondents were aged 20–35 years, multiparous, had completed senior high school, and were employed. The median pain intensity decreased from 5.00 before the intervention to 3.00 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain intensity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Early mobilization through video media was effective in reducing pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers. Video media can be utilized as an educational tool to support the implementation of early mobilization in healthcare settings..

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi tingkat toksisitas ekstrak etanol 90% daun trembesi (Samanea saman) terhadap larva Artemia salina melalui penentuan nilai LC₅₀ menggunakan metode Reed-Muench dan analisis probit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Larva Artemia salina digunakan sebagai organisme uji dan dipaparkan pada berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak, yaitu 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, dan 10.000 ppm. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah kematian larva setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian larva meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan konsentrasi ekstrak, yang mengindikasikan adanya hubungan dosis-respons. Perhitungan nilai LC₅₀ dengan metode 823 ppm. Berdasarkan klasifikasi toksisitas Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), nilai LC₅₀ tersebut termasuk dalam kategori toksik moderat / sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 90% daun trembesi memiliki aktivitas toksisitas sedang terhadap larva Artemia salina. Dengan demikian, ekstrak ini berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut namun diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif serta mengevaluasi keamanan pada sistem biologis yang lebih kompleks.

Batang prasman (Eupatorium triplinerve. Vahl) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas biologis, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian toksisitas sebagai langkah awal untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀ dan kategori toksisitas ekstrak etanol batang prasman terhadap larva udang (Artemia salina Leach) menggunakan metode analisis probit. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstrak etanol batang prasman diuji pada konsentrasi 100, 500, 1.000, 5.000, dan 10.000 ppm. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah kematian larva setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Data mortalitas dihitung dalam bentuk persentase kematian, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode probit untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian larva meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak, yaitu sebesar 25%, 35%, 50%, 75%, dan 85%. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC₅₀ ekstrak etanol batang prasman sebesar 846 mg/L. Berdasarkan klasifikasi toksisitas, nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori moderat atau racun sedang. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol batang prasman (Euphatorium triplinerve Vahl) memiliki aktivitas toksik terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach dan termasuk dalam kategori toksisitas sedang

Prasman (Peperomia pellucida) merupakan tanaman obat yang diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas ekstrak metanol batang prasman terhadap mortalitas larva udang (Artemia salina L.) menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan memberikan ekstrak metanol batang prasman pada berbagai konsentrasi, yaitu 10, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, dan 10000 ppm serta kontrol. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase mortalitas larva setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode interpolasi dan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak menyebabkan peningkatan mortalitas larva secara bertahap hingga mencapai 100% pada konsentrasi 10.000 ppm. Perhitungan LC₅₀ dengan metode interpolasi menghasilkan nilai 680,2 ppm pada pengujian pertama dan 529,66 ppm pada pengujian duplo. Analisis probit pada pengujian duplo menghasilkan nilai LC₅₀ sebesar 198,97 ppm. Nilai LC₅₀ yang berada di bawah 1000 ppm menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol batang prasman bersifat toksik terhadap larva Artemia salina dengan kategori moderat atau racun sedang. Aktivitas toksik tersebut diduga berasal dari kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam batang prasman seperti Flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan minyak atsirinya. Dengan demikian, ekstrak metanol batang prasman berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam bidang farmasi, khususnya sebagai kandidat antikanker, antimikroba, dan bioinsektisida alami.

Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) relies on a barrier membrane to prevent soft tissue invasion in the wound area and maintain space for bone formation. Conventional membranes generally function as a passive barrier without enhancing osteogenesis. Membranes fabricated with the addition of β-TCP were developed to enhance membrane bioactivity. This review aims to evaluate the role of β-TCP as a bioactive component in barrier membranes used in GBR procedures. The study used a narrative review approach with literature sources from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect in the period 2016–2026. The keywords used included “guided bone regeneration," “barrier membrane," and “β-tricalcium phosphate." The selected articles were English-language experimental studies with relevant topics. A total of 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. The incorporation of native β-TCP showed increased osteoconductivity, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength of the membrane. The release of calcium and phosphate ions plays a role in increasing osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic marker expression. In vitro and in vivo studies also demonstrated increased new bone formation and improved regeneration space maintenance compared to conventional membranes. The optimal concentration of β-TCP varies depending on the polymer matrix. β-TCP-based membranes have the potential to act as bioactive barrier membranes that not only act as a barrier but also support bone regeneration. Further research, particularly human clinical trials, is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Early marriage remains a significant issue in Indonesia, particularly among adolescents, and has serious implications for reproductive health. This community service activity aimed to increase students' knowledge about the impact of early marriage on reproductive health. The activity was conducted at Etislandia Senior High School Medan with 43 participating students. The method used was counseling through lectures, discussions, and question-and-answer sessions, accompanied by pre-test and post-test evaluations. The results showed a significant increase in students' knowledge, with the average pre-test score of 54.2 rising to 85.6 in the post-test. Students showed high enthusiasm during the session and were able to identify various risks of early marriage, including reproductive tract infections, cervical cancer risk, and maternal mortality. This activity has implications for the importance of reproductive health education as a preventive effort against early marriage

Background: Adolescence is often characterized as a period of puberty. Early menarche is associated with increased mortality and morbidity risks in later life among girls who experience menarche at an early age. Menarche is the first menstrual event in girls, marked by the shedding of the uterine lining and vaginal bleeding. The tendency to consume unhealthy foods, particularly fast food, as well as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), may have adverse effects on health and potentially influence the timing of menarche. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between healthy food selection, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and the incidence of early menarche. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 30 female students. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: The results showed that healthy food selection was significantly associated with the incidence of early menarche (p = 0.005) with a moderate correlation strength (ρ = 0.449). Similarly, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was significantly associated with the incidence of menarche (p = 0.000) and demonstrated a very strong correlation (ρ = 0.841). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between healthy food selection and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with the incidence of menarche. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption showed a stronger relationship with menarche incidence compared to healthy food selection.

This study examines the phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the digital interactions of Indonesian Generation Z on Instagram. Using a sociolinguistic approach with virtual ethnography, data were collected from 1,200 posts and comments published between January and June 2024, complemented by in-depth interviews to explore the factors influencing language choice. The findings reveal that code-switching occurred in 68.4% of the data, with intrasentential switching as the dominant pattern (47.3%), followed by intersentential switching (38.6%) and external switching (14.1%), indicating Generation Z’s high multilingual competence. Code-mixing appeared in 82.1% of the data, primarily through the insertion of English vocabulary into Indonesian (63.2%), followed by regional languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, and Betawi (27.1%), particularly in nostalgic, culinary, and emotionally expressive content. The main factors influencing these practices include social identity, community affiliation, communicative efficiency, emotional expression, and audience context. The study concludes that code-switching and code-mixing function as deliberate communicative strategies that reflect Generation Z’s hybrid identity in digital spaces, offering important implications for digital sociolinguistics, language education, language policy, and digital content development.

Tebet Eco Park is one of the green open spaces (GOS) in South Jakarta that plays an important role in supporting environmental health and urban public health. This study aims to analyze the environmental health conditions at Tebet Eco Park through direct observation of environmental cleanliness, air quality, water quality, waste management, sanitation facilities, and visitor comfort. The research employed a descriptive method using field observations and a literature review approach. The findings indicate that the overall environmental health condition of Tebet Eco Park is relatively good. The presence of diverse vegetation contributes to improving air quality and creating a cool and comfortable environment. Supporting facilities such as sports areas, playgrounds, pet-friendly zones, and drinking water refill stations also contribute to the physical and social well-being of the community. However, several issues were still identified, including poor water quality in the park’s ponds and improper waste disposal by some visitors. Therefore, more effective environmental management and increased public awareness are needed to ensure that the ecological and social functions of Tebet Eco Park can be sustained in the long term.

Overcapacity in correctional facilities is a persistent issue that can generate psychological distress and reduce inmates’ ability to adapt effectively to their living environment. Limited personal space, restricted autonomy, and continuous social pressures may negatively affect environmental mastery, which is an important dimension of psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in improving environmental mastery among inmates at the Tangerang Class IIA Women’s Correctional Facility. An experimental method with a one-group pre-test and double post-test design was employed. The participants consisted of nine inmates who demonstrated low to moderate levels of psychological well-being and mindfulness. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and the N-Gain Score to evaluate changes before and after the intervention. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in environmental mastery following mindfulness therapy (t(8) = -12.72, p < 0.001), with the positive effects remaining evident during the follow-up assessment. The average N-Gain score of 0.546 indicated that the intervention achieved a moderate level of effectiveness. These findings suggest that mindfulness therapy is an effective and practical psychological intervention for enhancing environmental mastery, strengthening psychological adaptation, and supporting the overall well-being of inmates in correctional settings.

The development of information technology has encouraged the emergence of electronic library innovations as a solution to improve community literacy, particularly in 3T (Disadvantaged, Frontier, and Outermost) areas with limited access to information. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the GEPSI Electronic Library in improving community knowledge in Tanjung Pidada Village, Tempuling District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. This research employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consisted of 30 respondents selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected using pretest and posttest questionnaires and analyzed statistically to determine differences before and after the intervention. The results showed that prior to the intervention, the majority of respondents had poor knowledge (73.3%), while after using the GEPSI e-library, most respondents were categorized as having good knowledge (73.3%). Statistical analysis indicated a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. It can be concluded that the GEPSI Electronic Library is effective in improving community knowledge in 3T areas. This program has the potential to become an innovative strategy for equalizing information access and enhancing community literacy.

Personal hygiene practices during menstruation is important to maintaining the reproductive health of adolescent girls and preventing reproductive organ infections. Poor hygiene causes post-menstrual problems in 5.2 million adolescents in Indonesia, such as reproductive tract infections, urinary tract infections, pathological vaginal discharge, fungal infections, genital area irritation, and unpleasant odor. Factors influencing personal hygiene practices during menstruation include knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and infrastructure. This study was aimed determine the relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and infrastructure and personal hygiene practices during menstruation among female students at the Daarussa'adah Qur'an Tahfidzil Islamic Boarding School in Pesawaran in 2026. This study was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population was all female students at the Daarussa'adah Qur'an Tahfidzil Islamic Boarding School in Pesawaran, and a sample of 74 respondents was selected using total sampling. Data analysis used the chi-square test with a significance level of 95%. The results of the study showed a relationship between knowledge (p-value = <0.001; OR = 279.000), perception (p-value = <0.001; OR = 620.000), attitude (p-value = <0.001; OR = 165.333), and infrastructure (p-value = <0.001; OR = 0.002) and personal hygiene behavior during menstruation. Suggested for the Islamic boarding schools include routinely improving reproductive health education regarding personal hygiene during menstruation and providing adequate infrastructure to support the development of good knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes, so that female students can optimally implement personal hygiene behaviors during menstruation.

This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and nutritional status as risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among women of reproductive age. A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in Kranggan Village involving 35 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data on physical activity were collected using questionnaires, while nutritional status was assessed based on Body Mass Index (BMI). The findings showed that most respondents had moderate physical activity levels (51.4%), followed by low physical activity levels (42.8%). Regarding nutritional status, the majority of respondents were classified as overweight (51.4%) and obese (28.6%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between physical activity and nutritional status (p = 0.003). The results indicate that inadequate physical activity is associated with increased nutritional status problems, particularly overweight conditions. Therefore, low physical activity and excessive body weight represent interconnected risk factors contributing to the development of noncommunicable diseases among women of reproductive age. This study highlights the importance of promoting regular physical activity and maintaining balanced nutritional status as preventive strategies to reduce the risk of noncommunicable illnesses.

This community service initiative aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the residents of Ilih Village, Damer District, Southwest Maluku Regency, regarding the use of banana corms as a nutritious and cost-effective alternative food source. Banana corms have historically been underutilized and generally treated merely as agricultural waste. Through training and mentoring sessions, the community was educated on the nutritional content of banana corms, processing techniques, and business opportunities for home-based banana corm nugget production. The methods employed included outreach, demonstrations, hands-on nugget-making training, and an evaluation of the activity's outcomes. The results indicate a high level of community enthusiasm for the innovation of processing banana corms into nuggets. Following the activity, participants demonstrated increased knowledge regarding the utilization of local food ingredients, hygienic processing techniques, and the economic potential of the processed product. The banana corm nuggets offered a pleasant taste and appealing texture, and were well-received by the community. Furthermore, the product's low production cost suggests it could serve as a source of additional income for villagers. This initiative is expected to support local food security and improve community welfare through the development of food businesses based on local resources.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistently high blood sugar levels, which can lead to complications such as diabetic foot issues. A crucial aspect for healthcare professionals providing care to DM patients is assessing the patient's level of adherence and understanding regarding self-care and disease management. Data from the 2023 SKI (Indonesian Health Survey) indicates there were 118,184 cases of Diabetes Mellitus in Central Java. Foot care education delivered via remote services assists patients in performing proper foot care to prevent complications associated with the condition. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an animated video based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in improving the knowledge and adherence of patients with diabetic ulcers. A quasi-experimental design was employed, utilizing a one-group pre-test and post-test approach with a control group. Incidental sampling was used to select 60 respondents. The Mann-Whitney test yielded a p-value of < 0.05 (0.017), demonstrating that the animated video based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was effective in enhancing both adherence and knowledge among patients with diabetic ulcers. The findings suggest that this animated video, leveraging audiovisual media, can be implemented in educational settings to help prevent foot complications in patients with diabetes.

Introduction: The Beyond Use Date (BUD) is the expiration date for a drug product after its primary packaging has been opened, mixed, or prepared. The BUD differs from the expiration date printed on the manufacturer's packaging and is not always listed on the drug, so many people still don't fully understand this concept.Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge of Prolanis patients regarding the Beyond Use Date (BUD) at the Purwokerto Utara I Community Health Center before and after being given counseling. Methods: A quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional design was used on 20 Prolanis patient respondents. Primary data collection consisted of questionnaires administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) the lecture-based counseling using flyers. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis. Results: The level of knowledge of Prolanis patients regarding Beyond Use Date before counseling showed that the majority were in the poor category with 16 respondents (80.0%) and the sufficient category with 4 respondents (20.0%). After being given counseling, there was an increase in the good category with 6 respondents (30.0%), but the majority were still in the poor category with 14 respondents (70.0%).Conclusion: The level of knowledge of Prolanis patients regarding Beyond Use Date (BUD) at Purwokerto Utara I Health Center before counseling was mostly in the poor category, and after counseling there was an increase although most were still in the poor category.

Traditional wedding rituals constitute intangible cultural heritage rich in symbolic meaning, serving to strengthen social solidarity and transmit cultural values. The massive penetration of modernization and digitalization has created new pressures for the Bugis-Makassar community in maintaining this heritage. This study analyzes the transformation of Bugis-Makassar traditional wedding rituals in South Sulawesi within the digital era context, focusing on how the community negotiates their cultural identity between the forces of tradition and modernity. Using a critical ethnographic approach with a multiple case study design grounded in Bhabha's concept of the third space, the study involved 42 informants from three groups: young couples (digital generation, aged 22–35), parents/family (middle generation, 40–60), and customary elders (to panrita lopi/bissu, 65+) in Makassar City, Bone Regency, and Wajo Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation in 12 wedding ceremonies, and social media content analysis. Results reveal three main transformation patterns: (1) digital spectacularization—rituals adapted for social media consumption; (2) reflective selectivity—young couples actively choosing which traditional elements to retain; and (3) procedural hybridization—the integration of customary procedures with contemporary elements. These transformations are colored by intergenerational contestation that generally ends in compromise between demands for customary completeness and the aesthetic preferences of the younger generation. The study concludes that this transformation is not merely a loss of tradition, but a creative form of identity negotiation in which the Bugis-Makassar community actively reconstructs the meaning of siri' (self-esteem/dignity) and pesse (solidarity) within the changed socio-cultural landscape. The findings imply the need for cultural preservation policies that understand change as inherent to living culture, and open avenues for longitudinal studies on the intergenerational transmission of cultural values.

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) has become a key objective of English language education; however, its implementation in Indonesia remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the alignment between ICC expectations in the Kurikulum Merdeka, English textbooks, and classroom practices in Indonesian senior high schools. An exploratory sequential mixed methods design was employed, involving document analysis of four government-issued English textbooks for grades X–XII, classroom observations in 15 schools across three provinces, a survey of 87 English teachers, and in-depth interviews with 18 teachers and 36 students. The findings reveal a three-level gap. First, the curriculum acknowledges ICC but lacks clear and measurable operational guidelines. Second, textbooks predominantly emphasize Anglo-American culture (64.8% of cultural content) while providing limited representation of Indonesian and global cultures. Third, 78.2% of teachers reported not explicitly integrating cultural dimensions into English instruction, resulting in stereotypical and culturally limited classroom practices. To address these issues, the study proposes the Triangulated Cultural Literacy (TCL) framework, integrating reflection on learners’ own culture, balanced exploration of target cultures, and intercultural negotiation. The findings highlight the need to operationalize ICC in the curriculum, improve textbook cultural representation, and strengthen teachers’ intercultural pedagogical competence.

Background:The digital transformation in education requires teachers to possess adequate competencies in utilizing technology to support innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning. However, the integration of digital platforms into classroom practices remains limited due to teachers’ varying levels of digital competence and experience. This community service program aimed to improve teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning implementation at SMAN 8 Banda Aceh. Methods:The program employed a participatory approach consisting of needs assessment, workshops, hands-on practice, mentoring, evaluation, and reflection activities. A total of 40 teachers from various subject areas participated in the program. The training materials included the use of Canva for developing digital learning media, Quizizz for gamified assessments, Google Workspace for collaborative learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to assist in instructional material development and creative learning activities. Program evaluation was conducted through participant observation, assessment of digital learning products, satisfaction questionnaires, and reflective discussions. Results: The results showed that participants successfully produced 18 interactive presentations using Canva, 10 digital modules, 8 Quizizz-based quizzes, and 4 evaluation instruments using Google Forms. Furthermore, teachers demonstrated improved competencies in designing digital learning media, developing technology-based assessments, integrating digital platforms into instructional practices, and utilizing AI as a learning support tool. The high level of participation and enthusiasm among participants indicated the effectiveness of the program in strengthening teachers’ digital literacy and technological competencies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the community service program successfully enhanced teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning in schools.

Background:Landslides are a disaster that often occurs in hilly areas with high rainfall. The community's lack of knowledge about mitigation increases the risk of losses and casualties. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and preparedness of cadres and the community of Pargarutan Dolok Village in facing landslides through mentoring and counseling activities. The activity was carried out on May 25, 2026 in Pargarutan Dolok Village, East Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency, targeting village cadres and the local community. Methods:The methods used included delivering material, interactive discussions, questions and answers, and distributing leaflets regarding the causes, signs, impacts, and mitigation steps for landslides. Evaluation was carried out through observations of participant participation and their ability to understand the material provided. The activity went well and received active participation from all participants. Results:The results of the observations showed an increase in participants' understanding of the causes, early signs, impacts, and actions that need to be taken before, during, and after a landslide occurs. The enthusiasm of the participants during the discussion also showed an increase in public awareness of the importance of disaster mitigation and preparedness. Conclusion: These findings indicate that landslide preparedness training is effective in increasing the knowledge, awareness, and preparedness of cadres and the community regarding landslide risks. This activity is expected to be the first step in strengthening community capacity and supporting the creation of disaster-resilient villages through ongoing disaster education.