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Agriculture is a sector that plays a vital role in the economies of many developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the production scale and examine the factors influencing rice production, such as capital, labor, and land area. The research was conducted in Kerambitan Sub-district, Tabanan Regency. The agricultural sector, particularly rice production, plays an essential role in the regional economy and food security. However, it continues to face fluctuations due to various influencing factors. This study employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression based on the Cobb-Douglas production function to measure the scale of production. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with rice farmers in Kerambitan Sub-district, using proportionate stratified random sampling. The results indicate that capital, labor, and land area have a positive and significant effect on rice production in Kerambitan Sub-district, Tabanan Regency. Furthermore, the production scale in this study shows decreasing returns to scale, meaning that each additional unit of input yields a proportionally smaller increase in output. These findings imply the need for strategies to enhance production efficiency and optimize resource utilization to improve rice productivity.

Consumer protection in Indonesia is regulated in Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), which emphasizes consumers' basic rights to safe and quality goods. This research focuses on the violation of consumer rights in the “Daun Suji” brand rice oplosan case, which came to light in February 2025. The results show that the oplosan “Daun Suji” rice does not meet the promised premium rice quality standards. This resulted in a violation of consumer rights, specifically Article 4 letters b and c of the Consumer Protection Law. These violations include the right of consumers to choose goods according to exchange value and guarantees, as well as the right to correct and clear information. This fraudulent practice harms consumers who expect quality products at the price paid.

The Mekong River is at the heart of the survival of the people of six countries that live around the upper and lower reaches of the Mekong River including Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, China, and Cambodia. The Mekong River is utilized to meet the national food security of six countries. One of the countries that utilize the Mekong River is China by building dams to meet the flow of environmentally friendly electricity for the Chinese people by utilizing dams for hydroelectric power plants built in the upper reaches of the Mekong River. This research uses the theory of neoliberalism and food security by using descriptive qualitative methodology to explain the impact of China's dam construction on the food security of countries downstream of the Mekong River. The impact of China's dam construction has an impact on the food security of countries downstream of the Mekong River because the majority of them utilize the Mekong River to meet their food needs and have professions as farmers and fishermen. The impact of the dam construction has an impact on changes in water quality that pollute the irrigation of rice fields of countries downstream of the Mekong River. In addition, many fish that live in the Mekong River immigrate to places with good water quality. Although China is a member of the Mekong River Commission, China has been unable to overcome the problems caused by the construction of dams at several points on the Mekong River.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of rice production in Tasikmalaya City during the period 2020 to 2025, as well as identify challenges and formulate relevant strategies in order to support national food self-sufficiency. The approach used is descriptive qualitative by utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and various policy documents and relevant scientific studies. The results of the study indicate that rice production in Tasikmalaya City experiences fluctuations influenced by natural factors, policies, and pressure on agricultural land. The main challenges faced include land conversion, limited technology, and farmer access to training and financing. To overcome this, the proposed strategy includes protecting agricultural land, increasing farmer capacity, and strengthening agricultural institutions and infrastructure. This study makes an important contribution to efforts to increase regional rice production in supporting national food security in a sustainable manner.

A traditional cake from Betawi known as kembang goyang is created by shaking it in hot oil until the dough releases from the mold and gets its name from the way it looks budding flowers. In this study, rice flour substitute with mocaf flour and several types of milk were also used. This studied aims to manufacture kembang goyang that are rich in protein, and the optimal of crunchiness, this study attempts to establish the ideal ratio of rice flour to mocaf flour and different types of milk. This study was carried out utilizing a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely the ratio of rice flour to mocaf flour (30%: 70%, 40%: 60%, 50%: 50%) and variations in the type of milk (goat's milk, cow's milk and soy milk). Kembang goyang substitutions50% rice flour: 50% mocaf flour with the soy milk variation had moisture content of 0,83%, ash 0,78%, fat 41,36%, protein 6,06%, carbohydrate 51,99%, broken white 1,72%, slightly milk 2,84%, milk smell 3,12%, crispy 3,77. Kembang goyang is a substitute rice flour with mocaf flour and a variation of milk that are rich in protein so it has the potential to be  a healthy and nutritious food.

The increasing intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to global warming poses serious risks to skin health and has led to a rising market demand for natural-based skincare products. Jabiras Body Scrub is an innovative body care product formulated from guava and brown rice to protect and nourish the skin from UV exposure. This program aims to produce an organic-based skincare product while empowering local farmers as raw material suppliers. The target market includes men and women aged 17 and above across Indonesia, including visiting tourists. Laboratory tests show that each 50-gram package of Jabiras contains 3% vitamin C and 1% antioxidants, which are effective in improving skin condition within two weeks. The product is registered with a Business Identification Number (NIB) and has obtained Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for its brand and promotional flyer. Marketing strategies are carried out digitally via social media and e-commerce, as well as conventionally through entrepreneurship expos and word of mouth. This initiative has reached its break-even point, with a total of 250 units sold from May to September, generating IDR 9,750,000 in revenue. This activity not only achieved its sales targets but also strengthened the foundation for a sustainable business model that supports local farmers.

This study aims to explore the fermentation process of glutinous rice into tape and its potential as a source of learning Natural Sciences (IPA) in elementary schools. The fermentation process is a real example of chemical changes that can be directly observed by students. Through a contextual approach and simple experiments, students can understand basic concepts such as microorganisms, changes in substances, and factors that influence fermentation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the exploration show that the tape fermentation process can be used as an interesting and relevant learning media to improve the understanding of science concepts as a whole and encourage students' active involvement in the learning process.  

The majority of people in Balongsari Village, Megaluh District, Jombang Regency work as farmers. The rice harvest every harvest period produces very abundant agricultural waste. One of these agricultural wastes is rice husks. A common habit of farmers in this area is burning rice husks. This has an impact on environmental pollution, which comes from the smoke from burning rice husks. The purpose of this activity is to provide a solution for managing rice husk waste so that it is more useful. Proper processing of agricultural waste, namely rice husks, will produce various processed products, namely alternative fuel sources to replace kerosene or LPG gas or firewood. The objects of community service activities are youth of Karang Taruna and farmer groups. The results of this service activity are (1) Obtaining alternatives to replace fuel oil, (2) Reducing rice husk waste, (3) Providing added value to rice husks so that they become more useful. During the activity, participants were very enthusiastic about participating in the event from beginning to end, as evidenced by the results of the questionnaire after the activity, namely 90% of participants were very enthusiastic.

Flakes are flat shaped ready-to-eat food and usually served by adding milk for the breakfast menu as alternatif besides rice. Flakes usually made from high-carbohydrate foods such as corn, rice and wheat. In This study, the flakes used arrowroot starch, soybean flour and emprit ginger extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of arrowroot starch and soybean flour with the addition of ginger extract. Arrowroot and the soybean flour were source of protein and fiber. Flake were design to have higher protein and fiber. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, the first factor was the ratio of arrowroot starch and soybean flour (90:10 , 85:15 , 80:20). The second factor was the percentage of ginger extract (10, 15, and 20%). The results of study showed that the ratio of arrowroot starch and soybean flour 80:20 with the addition 15% ginger extract was the best flakes formulation. The flake contain 2.62% moisture, 1.73% of ash, 7.53% of fat, 9.58% protein, 9.62% crude fiber, 78,55% carbohydrate. The organoleptic (triangle) test reported that 11 panelists stated that there was a ginger taste in the flakes and 9 panelists stated that the flakes having ginger like aroma. Using arrowroot and soybean flour could improve the nutrition properties of the flakes. Consuming flake with high protein was important to support days.

The Grand Harvest tradition in Penutuk Village, Lepar District, is an annual celebration that is rich in meaning and cultural value. As an expression of gratitude for the abundant harvest from the rice fields, this event becomes a social glue that strengthens ties between residents. More than just a harvest celebration, this tradition reflects the noble values ​​of the Penutuk Village community, such as togetherness, mutual cooperation, and preserving local culture that has been passed down from generation to generation. The series of events which took place on January 19 2025 involved all levels of society, from children to the elderly, with active participation in each procession. This article will examine in depth the philosophical meaning behind this tradition, describing in detail the series of events which include traditional ceremonies and social activities. Apart from that, this article will also discuss efforts to preserve the harvest tradition in Penutuk Village so that it remains sustainable and can be passed on to future generations, including adaptation strategies to changing times and the challenges of modernization. It is hoped that this research can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the importance of preserving local culture in Indonesia, especially in the context of agriculture and the social life of rural communities. Thus, this article does not only describe a tradition, but also offers a broader perspective on the social, economic, and cultural values ​​contained therein.

The implementation of the Rice Field Expansion Program as an effort to develop new agricultural land and achieve food sovereignty in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan, aims to optimize the use of agricultural land to support food security. This program was carried out as a response to the need for increased food production, particularly rice, to reduce dependency on imports and strengthen the national food system. This study analyzes various factors influencing the success of the rice field expansion program in Tanah Laut Regency, including planning, implementation, and challenges faced in developing new agricultural land. A case study method with a qualitative approach was used through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, such as local government, farmers, and other related agencies. The results show that the program has a positive impact on increasing the area of productive agricultural land, but still faces challenges related to water availability, market access, and farmers' awareness in adopting new agricultural technologies. Therefore, improvements in coordination among stakeholders and the enhancement of supporting facilities are needed for the program to achieve its main goal, which is food sovereignty at the regional level.

This study aims to analyze the population dynamics of rice plant pests through periodic monitoring during 8 weeks of observation. The research was conducted on 5 rice field plots using direct sampling method and yellow trap. The observation data included 23 pest species from various families such as Acrididae, Muscidae, Culicidae, Lycosidae, Pieridae, Chrysomelidae, and others. Observations showed that pest populations fluctuated during the observation period, with some species showing a downward trend such as mosquitoes (Culicidae) from an average of 19.6 individuals/map in the first observation to 14.2 individuals/map in the last observation, while some other pests such as snail carp (Pomacea canaliculata) showed significant variation. Pests that were consistently found in high numbers were mosquitoes, mealybugs (Pieris rapae), and gold snails. This periodic monitoring provides important information for integrated pest control strategies in sustainable rice cultivation.

Indonesia, as an archipelago, has significant agricultural potential, but its optimal utilization requires balancing rice production volume with the available harvest area. This study analyzed the contribution of harvested area to rice production in Gorontalo Regency using linear regression analysis. The data used included the harvest area and the amount of rice production during the period 2018–2024, sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Gorontalo Province. The independent variable in this study was the amount of rice production (tonnes), while the dependent variable was the area of harvest (Ha). The analysis results revealed a very strong linear relationship between the two variables, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.8437 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.7119. The regression equation indicated that an increase in rice production by 4.8891 tonnes corresponded to an increase in the harvested area by 1 hectare. The model significance value of 0.017017 indicated that the regression model was statistically significant. This finding demonstrates that the amount of rice production significantly affects the area of harvest, and the model can serve as a predictive basis for planning agricultural sector policies in Gorontalo Regency.

In community service, elementary school children are invited to understand the process of the rice grain chain and how the rice reaches the dining table. This activity not only teaches elementary school children about the rice supply chain, but is also expected to foster a sense of gratitude and appreciation for the food they eat every day. This activity is carried out using interactive storytelling methods using props, discussions and using interactive games. Evaluation is also carried out informally through observations during discussions and games, and by giving short questions to children about their stages and their respective roles. This learning activity contains values ​​from the SDGs, namely ending hunger (SDGs 2) and sustainable consumption (SDGs 12). The purpose of this service is for elementary school children to know the journey of rice from the rice fields to the dining table by using pictures and telling stories for each group, in addition to elementary school children to work together and need each other..    

Bedda Lotong is a traditional scrub from the Bugis tribe of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The name ‘Bedda Lotong’ literally means ‘black powder’ in Bugis language, referring to the distinctive black colour of this scrub which comes from its main ingredient, white glutinous rice that is roasted until burnt. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of colonies of moulds (thread moulds) and yeasts (one-celled fungi) in Bedda Lotong with the addition of Eucheuma cottoni seaweed. In addition, this study also aimed to determine the level of panellists' liking through organoleptic tests. The research design used was a factorial Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with 3 levels of treatment with 3 replications. The treatment of adding Eucheuma cottoni seaweed as a microbial growth inhibitor. Data processing was done with analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and continued with Duncan test using SPSS V.23 software. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the effect of the addition of Eucheuma cottoni seaweed did not significantly affect the ALT/TPC test (>0.05) (0.087) and had a significant effect (<0.05) (0.003) on the Bedda Lotong pH test and in the treatment of A1 (5%) and B1 (10%) seaweed concentrations gave organoleptic test scores from panellists, namely a score of 4 (like).

Rice is the main source of income for rural communities in Bojonegoro Regency and is one of the main food commodities that is a priority in agricultural economic development both at the national and regional levels, especially Bojonegoro Regency. The Bojonegoro Regency area is crossed by the Bengawan Solo River which is one of the sources of air for rice plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the production and income of rice farming in the Bengawan Solo Hilir Watershed, Bojonegoro Regency. The sample used was 30 farmers taken purposively who had land around the Bengawan Solo Hilir Watershed. The analysis method used was the Cobb Douglas production function method and farm income analysis. The results showed that rice farming in Bojonegoro Regency was profitable. This can be seen from the farm income of Rp. 760,586,000.00. Rice farm income is the difference between revenue and total costs used, which are Rp. 969,050,000 and Rp. 208,464,000, respectively. The production factors used in the model are land, labor, and fertilizer production factors. The production factor that has a significant influence is the land production factor which has a calculated t value of 6.305 which is greater than the t table value of 2.405 at a 95% confidence level.

Kampung 4 Village has great potential in developing home-based culinary businesses as a strategy to increase family economic independence. One promising business opportunity is Tuna Balado Rice Bowl, a practical food product that combines tuna as the main ingredient with the distinctive flavor of balado. This product has broad market prospects because it is easy to produce, has high nutritional value, and is in line with the trend of fast food that is in demand by various groups. In addition, this business can be run with relatively affordable capital and has broad marketing potential through digital strategies such as social media and delivery services. Seeing these opportunities, the Tuna Balado Rice Bowl business can be an alternative home-based business that is competitive, able to increase family income, and contribute to strengthening the local economy in a sustainable manner.

This thesis discusses the implementation of the mukhabarah and muzara'ah system to improve the welfare of rice farmers in Benteng Bawah village, Mersam sub-district, Batanghari district, Jambi province. The main issues raised are how to implement the mukhabarah system for rice farming, how to implement the muzara'ah system for rice farming in Benteng Bawah Village, what is the impact of implementing the mukhabarah and muzara'ah system for agricuture on the economic welfare of rice farmers in Benteng Bawah Village.This type of research includes qualitative research, to obtain valid data the researcher uses data collection methods, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The data sources in this research are primary and secondary. The data analysis technique used is crosswel. Available data, which is usually in the form of a telephone call, is analyzed. This part of the analysis usually involves data classification. The resuts of research on the implementation of the mukhabarah and muzara'ah systems to improve the welfare of rice farmers in Benteng Bawah village, Mersam sub-district, Batanghari district, Jambi province, namely, in the mukhabarah system the harvest is divided into 3 parts, where 2 parts are for sharecroppers and 1 part is for land owners, because all costs and seeds are paid by the land cutivator, whereas in the muzara'ah system the harvest is divided into two or equally because the seeds and costs are paid by the land owner. These two systems have an impact on the welfare of land owners and sharecroppers, enough to meet food needs until the next harvest.

Antutan Village faces soil fertility problems due to high acidity caused by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers without being balanced with organic matter. This has resulted in low agricultural productivity, especially in rice and cocoa crops. As an alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and economical, Jadam Liquid Fertilizer (JLF) was introduced to farmers through socialization and demonstration activities. This activity aims to increase farmers' understanding of the benefits of organic fertilizer in improving soil fertility and provide skills in the manufacture and application of JLF independently. The method used in this activity includes the delivery of material on the negative impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the importance of microorganisms in the soil, and the technique of making JLF using local materials such as weeds, rice straw, and banana stump. Live demonstrations were conducted to show the fermentation process as well as how to apply JLF on farmland. Farmers were given the opportunity to actively participate in every stage of JLF production and application.The results showed a positive response from farmers who were interested in adopting this technology as an alternative to organic fertilizer. With this socialization and demonstration, it is expected that farmers can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility in a sustainable manner. The application of JLF is expected to be the first step in the development of sustainable agriculture in Antutan Village.

Rice plants as a source of food production are really needed by the community. Mentayan Village develops rice fields that use rainwater as a source of irrigation. There is a farmer group in the area known as the Bina Maju farmer group. This farmer group has problems or obstacles in cultivation such as lack of use of fertilizer, rare and high prices of chemical fertilizers and lack of subsidies and fertilizer assistance from the government which can affect the amount of rice produced. This service is carried out with the aim of providing solutions to problems in the Bina Maju farmer group. The solution to the problems faced by this farmer group can be solved by using organic fertilizer. The implementation method for socialization is to explain in detail and clearly about organic fertilizer using the lecture and discussion method between the service team and a demonstration of making organic fertilizer that can be applied to rice plants. Based on the service activities, the results obtained were that the activity participants had understood the material about making organic fertilizer and could then practice it and produce organic fertilizer independently to overcome the shortage of chemical fertilizers in rice plants.