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Transformational leadership is an important paradigm in strengthening modern governance that is oriented towards innovation, accountability, and public service. This research aims to examine the concepts, roles, and challenges of transformational leadership in the context of the Indonesian public sector through a literature study approach. The study was conducted on 15 open academic sources relevant to digital bureaucratic issues, apparatus work motivation, and organizational reform. The results of the study show that transformational leadership is able to increase performance effectiveness, strengthen employee commitment, and accelerate the digital transformation of the bureaucracy through an inspiring vision, intellectual stimulation, and individual attention to subordinates. In addition, this leadership contributes to the formation of a collaborative work culture and the improvement of public service innovations that are adaptive to the needs of the community. However, its implementation still faces structural obstacles, such as hierarchical culture, resistance to change, weak digital competence of the apparatus, and limited policy and human resource support. Therefore, a strong integration between transformational values, adaptive leadership competencies, and good governance principles is needed to drive sustainable and performance-oriented bureaucratic change that is superior to public performance.

This study analyzes the inclusive education policy in Surabaya and its impact on the performance of elementary school educators. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, then analyzed using source triangulation. The findings reveal that educators show strong commitment and apply various learning strategies to accommodate students with special needs. However, significant challenges persist, including limited facilities, a shortage of qualified personnel, and insufficient specialized training. In addition, factors such as high workload and social stigma hinder the effective implementation of inclusive education. Despite these obstacles, the policy demonstrates promising potential through systemic support, collaboration with parents, and the contribution of special assistant teachers. To achieve greater effectiveness, improvements in school infrastructure, continuous professional development, and more inclusive educational environments are essential. Strengthening stakeholder cooperation between schools, local governments, and communities will further enhance the sustainability and success of inclusive education in Surabaya.

This study aims to identify the implementation of soft skills and hard skills, explore strategies for developing hard skills, and analyze entrepreneurial independence among vocational students. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews and observations, then analyzed descriptively through data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results show that soft skills are internalized through workplace culture programs emphasizing ethics, communication, and adaptability, supported by mentoring and reflection activities. Hard skills are applied in alignment with industry needs through curriculum synchronization, hands-on practice, and skill-based projects, ensuring professional competence. Development of hard skills is strengthened through internships, external training, and peer teaching, with success assessed from product quality, innovation, and relevance to market demand. Entrepreneurial independence is fostered through motivation, alumni inspiration, and the Teaching Factory program that integrates learning with real business experiences. Internships also help students interact directly with customers and handle business challenges, while sustainability is maintained through product management and freelance opportunities. Overall, the implementation of internship-based learning effectively enhances vocational students’ technical and non-technical competencies, enabling them to adapt, innovate, and compete in the dynamic job market.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the policy on drug abuse education programs for students in Senior High Schools. The main focus of this research is to examine the extent to which government and institutional policies have been effectively implemented within the school environment. The problem identified in the field indicates that the implementation of anti-drug education programs has not been optimal, due to limited coordination among stakeholders, inadequate resources, and the low level of teacher and student participation in preventive activities.This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design conducted in several Senior High Schools that implemented drug abuse education programs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research questions focused on: (1) how the policy on drug abuse education programs is implemented in schools; (2) what factors support and hinder its implementation; and (3) how the implementation of the policy affects students’ understanding and attitudes toward drug abuse prevention.The results revealed that the policy implementation was partial and not yet fully integrated into the curriculum or school culture. The main supporting factors included the strong commitment of school principals and partnerships with the National Narcotics Board (BNN), while the main inhibiting factors were limited human resources, weak policy monitoring, and a lack of contextualized educational materials. Nevertheless, the program has had a positive impact on improving students’ awareness and preventive attitudes toward drug abuse, especially when activities were conducted collaboratively and sustainably.

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

This study is a literature review aimed at evaluating the policy related to the integration of the Basic Education Data (Dapodik) with the online New Student Admissions (PPDB) system in public junior high schools under the auspices of the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office. This integration is considered crucial for building a more open, effective, and accountable education system supported by accurate data. This study examines a number of related literature sources, regulations, and policy documents to explore the challenges, opportunities, and consequences of this policy on the implementation of online PPDB. The results of the study indicate that although the integration of data between Dapodik and online PPDB can strengthen data validity, improve data accuracy, and accelerate the selection process, its implementation still faces technical obstacles, limited human resource capacity, and disparities in facilities across schools. Therefore, it is necessary to improve coordination between relevant parties, strengthen the technical capabilities of school operators, and adapt regulations responsive to local conditions. The results of this study are expected to contribute as considerations in the development of policies for a more integrated and sustainable education system.

This study aims to identify the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of academic supervision by school principals using a SWOT analysis approach based on a literature review. Through a systematic literature review of various research sources related to academic supervision and communication in educational management, it was found that strengths such as principal competence, structured supervision with effective communication between principals and teachers, and facility support are the main assets for successful supervision. Meanwhile, weaknesses such as time constraints, limited resources, and a lack of innovation in supervision and communication approaches remain challenges. Opportunities arise from supportive education policies, technological advances that can strengthen internal communication, and the role of active learning communities in sharing information and collaboration. However, threats such as dynamic policy changes and resistance to change require adaptive supervision strategies, open communication, and collaboration in order to optimize academic supervision. The results of this study provide an overview of strategies for school principals and policy makers to optimize academic supervision through effective communication approaches in order to improve teacher professionalism and the quality of learning in schools.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the motor vehicle tax amnesty program and taxpayer responses to the policy at the West Surabaya SAMSAT office. The tax amnesty program is viewed as a strategic fiscal policy designed not only to increase regional revenue but also to ease the financial burden on the public, particularly among lower-income groups. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation process and policy impacts. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with SAMSAT officials and taxpayers, direct field observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, supported by source triangulation to ensure validity. The findings indicate that the implementation was supported by digital service innovations such as SMS Push and WhatsApp Push, incentives including fine elimination and an Umrah lottery, as well as law enforcement strategies like joint operations and layered warning letters. Overall, taxpayer responses were positive, as reflected in increased compliance, although potential moral hazard may arise if the program is implemented repeatedly.

This study explores the concept and practical implementation of halal production in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through the lens of Islamic economics. Employing a qualitative literature review approach, it synthesizes findings from previous studies on Islamic production theory, halal assurance systems, and the economic role of MSMEs in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that halal production encompasses not only compliance with Islamic jurisprudence but also ethical, environmental, and social dimensions, emphasizing justice, transparency, and sustainability in business operations. For MSMEs, adopting halal production practices can strengthen consumer confidence, improve competitiveness in both domestic and global markets, and contribute to national economic resilience. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including a limited understanding of halal standards among entrepreneurs, high certification costs, and inadequate access to institutional and governmental support. Addressing these issues requires an integrated strategy involving collaboration among policymakers, halal certification authorities, and MSME actors. This study concludes that empowering MSMEs through education, digital innovation, and regulatory reinforcement is vital to achieving a sustainable and inclusive halal economy aligned with the principles of Islamic ethics.

Public service is an essential element in the implementation of village governance, aimed at providing direct benefits to the community. In this context, the leadership of the village head plays a strategic role in determining the direction of policies and the effectiveness of services provided to the community. This study aims to analyze the influence of the village head's leadership on the quality of public service in Bongkot Village, referring to Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Service. The research method used is juridical-empirical with a qualitative approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation related to policies and the implementation of public services in the village. The results show that the leadership of the village head in Bongkot Village is participatory and communicative. This leadership is reflected in openness to the aspirations of the community, the utilization of information technology, and the development of human resources to enhance the capacity of village officials. However, challenges remain, such as limited technological infrastructure that hinders more effective public service and the need for capacity building among village officials to carry out their duties more effectively. In conclusion, the leadership of the village head significantly influences the improvement of public service quality. Therefore, it is recommended that continuous training for village heads and their officials be conducted, along with policy support from local governments to create more responsive and efficient village governance.

This study investigates the implementation strategy of work discipline as a means to improve the productivity of daily contract employees in the Traffic Division of the Semarang City Transportation Agency. Work discipline is a critical component of human resource management that influences performance effectiveness and organizational efficiency. The research applies a qualitative descriptive approach using interviews, observation, and document analysis to examine discipline practices, attendance data, and managerial supervision. The results show that effective disciplinary implementation—through structured supervision, reward and punishment systems, continuous coaching, and welfare enhancement—significantly improves employee productivity. Leadership quality, motivation, and consistent policy enforcement emerge as primary determinants of disciplined behavior. The study concludes that establishing a fair and transparent disciplinary system can foster accountability, punctuality, and professional service delivery among public employees.

This study aims to examine the development, challenges, and prospects of the Indonesian education system from a historical, regulatory, and curriculum perspective. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a library study approach, this study examines relevant literature, laws and regulations, and previous research findings. The study results indicate that the Indonesian education system is a dynamic entity, influenced by internal and external factors from the Hindu-Buddhist era, the arrival of Islam, colonialism, to the Reformation era and the Independent Curriculum. A strong legal basis through the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 20 of 2003 provides a basic framework for national education, but in practice, challenges still arise in the form of disparities in quality between regions, limited facilities, and educator readiness. The Independent Curriculum is one of the latest innovations that emphasizes flexibility, 21st-century competencies, and the Pancasila student profile, although its implementation faces technical and resource constraints. This research emphasizes the importance of consistent education policies, strengthening teacher competencies, and equalizing access and facilities as strategic steps in realizing the national goal of enlightening the nation's life and preparing a generation with character, innovation, and the ability to compete globally.

The phenomenon of using non-Hajj visas for pilgrimage has deprived many pilgrims of legal protection, with numerous cases of arrests by Saudi authorities resulting in deportation and even a ten-year ban on entering Saudi Arabia. This study adopts a qualitative case study design with an empirical legal research approach. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis at PT Mirbath Tour and Travel Palu. The primary data source was an interview with the Director of PT Mirbath, while secondary sources included the Qur’an, Hadith, legislation, journals, articles, theses, dissertations, and reference books. Data analysis employed reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings highlight three key points. First, PT Mirbath facilitated Hajj departures using multiple-entry visas with significant limitations, such as the absence of tents in Mina and Muzdalifah, restricted access to facilities, and alternative routes from Riyadh to bypass checkpoints. Second, the use of non-Hajj visas indicates that the implementation of Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 8 of 2019 on the Administration of Hajj and Umrah has not been effectively enforced, with policy gaps and weak operational oversight remaining apparent. Third, although the contractual arrangements applied appear consistent with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah), they conflict with the foundations of sharia economic law, as the use of non-Hajj visas involves elements of gharar (uncertainty), lack of transparency, and contractual objectives inconsistent with maqasid al-shariah.

The free lunch program at SD Negeri 101 Central Maluku has drawn significant attention, particularly from parents who are the primary stakeholders of this initiative. Based on in-depth interviews with 20 parents from various economic and social backgrounds, it was found that the majority of respondents responded positively to the implementation of the program. They considered it highly beneficial in reducing daily household expenses, especially for their children's meals during school hours. Approximately 85% of parents stated that since the launch of the free lunch program, they no longer needed to provide their children with pocket money or meals from home. This not only reduces daily expenses but also provides peace of mind, knowing that their children are receiving adequate nutrition at school. These findings align with Fitriyani (2022), who stated that school meal programs directly contribute to family economic savings. On the other hand, a small portion of respondents (around 15%) expressed concerns about the quality and hygiene of the food provided. They emphasized the importance of supervision in the preparation and distribution process, ensuring that the program meets not only quantity standards but also nutritional quality and cleanliness. This concern is crucial as it directly relates to students' health. Overall, this study indicates that parents’ perceptions of the free lunch program at SD Negeri 101 Central Maluku are generally positive, with critical notes on food quality, parental involvement, and funding sustainability. These findings offer strong recommendations for policymakers to strengthen this program as part of efforts to improve the quality of basic education in the region.

Government procurement of goods and services is a crucial instrument in achieving transparent, efficient, and accountable governance. One of the key innovations introduced is the e-Catalogue system, an electronic procurement platform provided by the National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP). This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the e-Catalogue in sports equipment procurement at the Youth and Sports Office (Dispora) of Semarang City, focusing on its mechanisms, supporting and inhibiting factors, and its impact on procurement governance. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, involving eight informants consisting of structural officials and suppliers. The findings indicate that, in general, the implementation of the e-Catalogue has been effective, particularly in terms of time efficiency, price transparency, and accountability enhancement. However, several challenges remain, including the lack of formal policy dissemination, limited digital literacy among some staff, insufficient internet infrastructure, and unstructured inter-unit coordination. Based on these findings, the study recommends several strategic measures: (1) establishing a permanent inter-unit coordination team, (2) strengthening human resource capacity through continuous training, (3) developing a digital dashboard for real-time monitoring, (4) providing limited public access to procurement reports, and (5) fostering partnerships with suppliers through technical forums and routine evaluations. These measures are expected to optimize the implementation of the e-Catalogue and serve as a best practice model for other local government institutions.

Gender mainstreaming (PUG) is a development strategy that integrates gender equality as a key principle in planning and budgeting. The city of Semarang has adopted this approach in various policy documents; however, its implementation still faces significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of the seven prerequisites for PUG according to the guidelines from the Ministry of PPPA, including commitment, policies, institutional frameworks, resources, sex-disaggregated data, gender analysis tools (GAP and GBS), and community participation. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews, document studies, and questionnaires. Key informants include local government organizations (OPDs) and civil society representatives. Data analysis is carried out using Miles & Huberman's interactive model with thematic analysis. The findings show that normative prerequisites such as policies and institutional frameworks are in place, but implementation remains weak, particularly in the use of sex-disaggregated data and the application of GAP-GBS. Supporting factors for success include leadership commitment from specific OPDs and the existence of cross-sector coordination forums, while the main obstacles are limited human resource capacity and insufficient gender-responsive budget allocation. This study reinforces the relevance of policy implementation theory in bridging the gap between normative frameworks and operational practices. Recommendations include ongoing training, mainstreaming sex-disaggregated data, and technical regulations that all OPDs must follow to enhance the effectiveness of PUG.

The implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has become a key priority of the Semarang City Government's policy in achieving equitable and sustainable health insurance. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the UHC program in Semarang City, focusing on three main aspects: financing, accessibility, and the quality of health services. Additionally, this study examines the effectiveness of the Pangeran Diponegoro Program as a local innovation to accelerate universal coverage achievement. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, with data collected through surveys of 100 respondents, in-depth interviews with policymakers and service providers, and analysis of regional policy documents. The findings show that although UHC membership coverage has reached 99.92%, challenges remain in accessibility and service quality, particularly in the suburban areas and vulnerable populations. The SERVQUAL analysis of service quality shows high scores for empathy and responsiveness but lower scores for reliability and service assurance. The Pangeran Diponegoro Program has proven effective in reaching unregistered groups, but still faces coordination issues between sectors and limited human resources. The study recommends strengthening collaborative governance, improving data verification systems, and developing community-based service innovations to ensure the sustainability of UHC.

The provision of food for inmates is part of the fulfillment of fundamental human rights as regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 40 of 2017. However, in its implementation, various problems are still found that require in-depth study to reconstruct the existing system to be more effective in realizing the fulfillment of human rights. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 40 of 2017 in fulfilling human rights in correctional institutions and to formulate an ideal legal reconstruction of the provision of food for inmates to realize the fulfillment of human rights in the future. This study uses a normative legal research method with primary legal materials (legislation related to the provision of food in prisons), secondary (books, journals), and tertiary (legal dictionaries). The analysis was carried out qualitatively to examine the implementation of the policy and formulate an ideal legal reconstruction. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Permenkumham No. 40/2017 still faces various obstacles including budget constraints, inadequate infrastructure, limited competent human resources, and a less than optimal supervision system. The ideal legal reconstruction includes strengthening the legal basis, developing a sustainable funding system, improving HR competency standards, developing an integrated monitoring system, and utilizing information technology in food management to realize the fulfillment of human rights for correctional inmates.

The implementation of the Land Dispute Handling and Resolution Policy through Mediation at the Pekanbaru City Land Office has several phenomena such as the number of mediations exceeding the target every year, no change in targets, and a low number of resolutions through mediation. This policy aims to provide legal certainty in order to implement land policy, which is one of the tasks and functions of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe the Implementation of Land Dispute Handling and Resolution Policy Through Mediation at the Pekanbaru City Land Office. Additionally, it aims to identify the inhibiting factors of the Implementation of Land Dispute Handling and Resolution Policy Through Mediation at the Pekanbaru City Land Office using the Policy Implementation theory according to Van Meter and Van Horn. This research employs a qualitative descriptive research type by collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Implementation of Land Dispute Handling and Resolution Policy Through Mediation at the Pekanbaru City Land Office has not been carried out effectively due to several shortcomings in various factors. The inhibiting factors include the complexity of synchronizing mediation schedules, inadequate budget, and low mediation success rate.