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Indonesia as a country of law and democracy has a solid foundation in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The dynamics of law enforcement and democracy in Indonesia are inseparable from the influence of historical,socio-political, and cultural factors that shape the course of the national legal system. This study uses the literature review method to examine the results of related studies, which show that aw enforcement in Indonesia faces various challenges, ranging fro legal pluralis, structural injustice, to political influence and technological developments in the digital era. Indonesian democracy is rooted in the values of Pancasila which demand social justice, respect for human rights, unity, and deliberation. However, in enforcement is still often hampered by corruption, weak integrity of legal complexity in a multicultural society.

This study examines the challenges and problems faced by Islamic education amid the complex dynamics of globalization. While globalization brings positive impacts through advances in information and communication technology, it also poses challenges such as the infiltration of global cultural values that do not always align with Islamic principles. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method, drawing from scholarly sources in national journals and recent academic books. The findings reveal that Islamic education encounters internal challenges such as conventional teaching methods, curricula that are unresponsive to changing times, and low digital literacy among educators. Meanwhile, external challenges include the secularization of education, unequal access, technological revolutions, and multicultural issues. To address these challenges, it is necessary to reformulate an integrative curriculum, improve teacher professionalism, and create educational environments that support Islamic values. This article recommends a transformative and adaptive approach to Islamic education that remains firmly rooted in the values of tawhid and akhlaq al-karimah in facing global challenges.

Multicultural counseling is a procedure including counselors and counselees with different cultural backgrounds, multicultural counselors need to understand multicultural factors that are in accordance with the conditions of guidance counselees. This research used a qualitative methodology, specifically a literature review, that consists of obtaining data sources relevant to the research issue. The primary data source is derived from the article manuscript, which will be evaluated through descriptive analysis.The purpose of this research is to enhance understanding related to multicultural guidance and counseling models. The findings of this research encompass (1) the concept of multicultural guidance and counseling, (2) multicultural guidance and counseling models, and (3) types of multicultural guidance and counseling in Indonesia.

This research examines the issue of interfaith marriage in the context of religious moderation in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Based on Dukcapil data from 2022, 34.6 million couples were recorded as "unregistered marriages" due to interfaith marriages. showing strong tension due to the presence of regulations and religious doctrines that tend to be exclusive. By comparing the perspectives of Islam, Catholicism, and Hinduism, it was found that there are differences in doctrinal limitations regarding interfaith marriage practices. This shows how complex the relationship is between social structures and religious teachings in marriage. Moreover, this research found that there is a contradiction between the dominant interpretation of marriage law based on religious beliefs and the constitutional right to form a family (Article 28B paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution). As a solution, the paradigm of religious moderation is offered. This paradigm emphasizes justice, love, and tolerance as the fundamental principles of inclusive marriage. This study suggests changes to the legal and theological framework to adapt to a multicultural society.

Indonesia, as a multicultural archipelagic country, has a big challenge in maintaining the integrity of the nation's unity. Ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity is a wealth and a potential for conflict if not managed properly. This article aims to examine how national integration can strengthen the integrity of the Indonesian nation as well as the factors that affect the success of the process. Through the literature review method, this article analyzes the concepts, theories, and determinants of national integration. The results of the study show that national integration plays an important role in strengthening national identity, minimizing social conflicts, and maintaining political stability. Therefore, synergy between elements of the nation is the key to strengthening unity in globalization and global challeng

This study aims to analyze the role of psychological assessment in improving the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services in educational settings through a qualitative literature review. Psychological assessment is a fundamental component in counseling practice that allows counselors to understand clients in depth and comprehensively. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a literature review that analyzes journal articles, textbooks, and relevant academic publications from 2015- 2025. The results of the study indicate that psychological assessment has two main roles: first, helping counselors understand the internal dynamics, cultural context, strengths, and resources of clients; second, providing various types of assessment instruments that can be selected according to needs, including personality, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, projective, multicultural, and technology-based assessments. Appropriate assessment not only functions as a diagnostic tool but also as a therapeutic intervention that encourages client self-awareness. The implementation of quality psychological assessment is the foundation for designing effective and responsive counseling services to the individual needs of students, so that it can improve the overall quality of guidance and counseling services in educational settings.

Human rights must be weighed against the state's interests, especially in a multicultural society. The concept of multicultural citizenship often conflicts with state policy priorities they defense of personal liberties. The state must recognize and protect cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. Inversely proportional, social stability and national integration are top priorities. This study examines different theories of citizenship, the fundamentals of the rule of law, as well as the  problem of managing diversity in a democratic legal system. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this study to examine policies and regulations related to multicultural citizenship in Indonesia and how they impact human rights and national interests. The results show that despite regulations that assist inclusion, the application of  anti-discrimination and the use of  policies is still difficult. Therefore, to accept diversity without sacrificing human rights or national interests, more equitable, inclusive, and flexible policies are needed.

This study examines the strategic role of Civic Education (PKn) in increasing national and state awareness among elementary school students in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach with conceptual analysis methods and literature studies, this study identifies four main roles of civil society: the cultivation of national identity, the recognition of citizens' rights and obligations, the development of democratic values, and the formation of attitudes of tolerance and multiculturalism. The dimensions of consciousness developed include constitutional consciousness, nationalism, multiculturalism, and participatory. This article also explains effective PKn implementation strategies through experiential learning, integration with daily life, the use of interactive learning media, and example and habituation. Despite having a vital role, the implementation of PKn still faces challenges in the form of learning that tends to be theoretical, limited teacher competence, and counterproductive environmental influences. The evaluation of PKn's success in increasing awareness can be measured through behavior change, conceptual understanding, active participation, and social concern of students. In conclusion, PKn that is implemented contextually and meaningfully from an early age can be an effective foundation in forming good citizens and maintaining national identity in the global era.

This community service activity aims to implement the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) with a multicultural education-based approach in the school environment. P5 is part of the Independent Curriculum which aims to form students with character according to Pancasila values. Multicultural education was chosen as the main approach to instill the values ​​of tolerance, mutual cooperation, and respect for cultural diversity. The method of implementing the activity includes socialization of the P5 concept, teacher training in implementing multicultural learning, and mentoring the implementation of the project with students. The results of the activity showed an increase in teacher understanding of the integration of Pancasila values ​​in the learning process and an increase in active student participation in activities that respect cultural differences. This activity also encourages the creation of an inclusive and harmonious learning environment. Thus, the implementation of P5 based on multicultural education has proven effective in supporting the strengthening of student character according to the Pancasila Student Profile.

Identity as the essence of the person, is recognized as something that continues to develop despite being influenced by environmental and social factors. Social identity theory, which emphasizes the influence of social groups on self-concept, is an important foundation in understanding this dynamic. Multicultural counseling involves a deep understanding of the cultural characteristics of the counselee. This research uses qualitative methods with literature study techniques. The purpose of this research is to find out the social identity in multicultural counseling. The results of the study include: (1) social psychology identity development, (2) the context of the emergence of multicultural counseling, (3) multicultural conceptual development, and (4) the role of counselors in multicultural counseling social identity.

This article explores the integration of religious moderation values within the tradition of orphan charity (santunan anak yatim) in a multicultural community. Conducted as part of a community service program (Kuliah Kerja Mahasiswa) by ten students from Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, this study took place in Sumberkradenan Village, Pakis Subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observation, and documentation, the research uncovers how a routine act of religious compassion becomes a powerful medium for fostering social harmony, tolerance, and interfaith cooperation. The findings reveal that orphan charity is not merely a religious obligation but also a social practice that embodies the spirit of inclusiveness, solidarity, and mutual respect across diverse religious and cultural groups. This study highlights the potential of local religious traditions as grassroots models for promoting religious moderation in contemporary society.

Indonesia is a pluralistic nation because it consists of various tribes, religions, ethnicities, cultures and languages. This diversity is found in various regions spread from Sabang to Meraoke. Every Indonesian citizen is obliged to maintain this diversity by upholding the foundation of the Indonesian state and the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in order to create national unity. Looking at the existing phenomena and referring to previous research, there are still many undesirable events happening in the environment around us today. Therefore, it is necessary to internalize the values of multicultural education. From the description above, there are three focuses studied in this thesis, namely (1) how is the process of transforming the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (2) how is the process of transacting the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (3) how is the process of internalizing the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school?. This research uses the type of field research, with a qualitative approach, The research subjects consisted of the head of the cottage, administrators, educators, and students, Data collection techniques were taken from interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that: (1) the value transformation process is educators use an approach to introduce students to good and bad values. (2) the value transaction process is educators conducting two-way communication or interaction between students and educators that are reciprocal. (3) The process of trans-internalization of this value is that the educator in front of the santri is no longer a physical figure, but his personality attitude or personality or mental communication that plays an active role. In this process, educators always provide examples of good values in everyday life.

Multicultural counseling considers various aspects of the counselee, including race, ethnicity, culture, and gender. This approach is important to understand the different cultural backgrounds and personal experiences of counselees, as well as how counseling can identify their psychosocial needs through the counseling process. The research method used, namely, qualitative with the type of literature study derived from relevant literature, such as books, journals, or scientific articles on the topic to be selected. The results of this study include, (1) The view of multicultural counseling, (2) Redefinition of multicultural counseling, (3) Implications of multicultural counseling, (4) Development of Multicultural Counseling in Indonesia.

This article discusses the importance of a multicultural approach in guidance and counseling, in a country rich in cultural diversity. Within this context, counselors are expected to understand and appreciate the cultural differences faced by clients, including different values, norms, and perspectives. Multicultural counseling not only increases the effectiveness of the counseling process, but also creates a safe counseling environment for clients to express themselves. By understanding the client's cultural background, the counselor can minimize potential conflicts and increase confidence in the counseling relationship. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study to explore the challenges and solutions in multicultural counseling practice. The findings of this article suggest that sensitivity to cultural diversity is essential for successful inclusive and responsive counseling.

This article discusses the importance of counselor ethics and competencies in the context of multicultural counseling in Indonesia. Counseling, as a professional service, requires an ethical relationship between counselor and client to support individual development. By upholding ethical values, counselors can understand and appreciate the cultural differences that exist, thus being able to provide inclusive and effective services. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study to explore the function of ethics in multicultural counseling and the barriers faced. The results showed that multicultural awareness and ethical competence are necessary to overcome challenges in counseling practice.

This research discusses the phenomenon of gender issues in multicultural counseling in Indonesia, focusing on the tradition of Kawin Tangkap (Piti Rambang) in Sumba tribe, East Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of the research is to analyze the social and psychological impact of the practice of Kawin Tangkap on women, as well as how multicultural counseling can provide solutions. The research method used was a literature study, which involved collecting and analyzing data from various sources, including journals, articles, and documents related to gender issues. The results showed that the Kawin Tangkap tradition is a form of gender-based violence that violates women's rights and contradicts positive law.

Multicultural competence is a crucial aspect for counselors in addressing diverse clients. Multicultural counseling training aims to enhance counselors' understanding of various values, norms, and cultural practices. This research employs a literature review method by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing various academic sources, including books, research journals, and relevant scientific articles published. The findings indicate that this training helps counselors identify personal biases, improve cross-cultural communication skills, and develop more inclusive intervention strategies. A well-structured multicultural counseling approach can enhance the accessibility and quality of mental health services in diverse communities.

This paper examines the life struggles of Javed Khan, a second-generation Pakistani immigrant in the United Kingdom in Blinded by Light film. Culturally, as a Pakistani-British, Javed lives in two worlds, i.e., the old world belonging to his parents and his current world, the world he is living in, i.e., the British society and culture. To analyze this topic, the textual content analysis is employed. As for the theoretical framework, Hall’s concept of identity and some works of literature on discrimination are of importance. The result of the analysis shows that Javed’s journey reveals the challenges and pressures of adaptation and acculturation faced by second-generation immigrants in general, illustrating how the tension between intergenerational expectations often creates tension and fosters growth and understanding in a multicultural context. Javed is torn between the values of the home country his father holds and the values of the new country. In addition, the discrimination experienced by Malik Khan’s family reflects the experience of immigrant families in a broader context. The film encourages viewers to reflect on the societal expectations of immigrants to conform to the host society and culture, while also showcasing the importance of individual aspirations and self-expression.  

Pancawaskita Counseling is an eclectic approach in guidance and counseling aimed at understanding and assisting individuals by integrating five key factors: Pancasila, Pancadaya, Lirahid (five life domains), Likuladu (five external forces), and Masidu (five internal conditions of individuals). This approach is designed to address challenges in counseling services within a multicultural environment like Indonesia, which is characterized by cultural and social diversity. The techniques used in Pancawaskita Counseling include client acceptance, reflection of content and feelings, as well as specific methods such as lifestyle analysis and role-playing. This study employs a literature review method, which involves collecting data from various reliable sources, reading, taking notes, and analyzing information using a descriptive approach. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, techniques, and procedures in Pancawaskita Counseling and to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. The findings indicate that Pancawaskita Counseling offers flexibility in adapting counseling methods to clients' needs. However, its application remains limited due to a lack of understanding and minimal development in the field.

Multicultural education in elementary schools plays a crucial role in shaping students’ attitudes of tolerance. In the context of globalization, which emphasizes cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity, multicultural education aims to instill understanding and appreciation of these differences. This article seeks to examine how multicultural education can be implemented in elementary schools and its contribution to fostering students' tolerance. Through a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this study analyzes various theories and practices of multicultural education applied in elementary school settings. The findings suggest that the integration of multicultural values into the curriculum and learning activities can raise students' awareness of the importance of living together with tolerance. Therefore, multicultural education is not only about teaching differences but also serves as a means to build social peace and respect diversity in daily life.