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Population growth and changing consumption patterns have led to a continuous increase in waste generation, with household organic waste being the dominant component in Bantul Regency. Low levels of public knowledge and awareness regarding waste management are also contributing factors. One environmentally friendly alternative for organic waste management is the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, which have high bioconversion capabilities. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of housewives in managing household organic waste using BSF maggots. The activity was carried out in RT 01, Mojosari Hamlet, Baturetno Village, Banguntapan District, Bantul Regency, involving 20 participants. The implementation method included a site survey, material delivery, an introduction to the life cycle and benefits of BSF maggots, an explanation of waste sorting, maggot feeding, and post-activity observations. However, limitations in maggot maintenance techniques persisted, requiring ongoing mentoring. This activity contributes to reducing waste generation at its source and supports sustainable household waste management based on community participation.

Population growth and changing consumption patterns have led to a continuous increase in waste generation, with household organic waste being the dominant component in Bantul Regency. Low levels of public knowledge and awareness regarding waste management are also contributing factors. One environmentally friendly alternative for organic waste management is the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, which have high bioconversion capabilities. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of housewives in managing household organic waste using BSF maggots. The activity was carried out in RT 01, Mojosari Hamlet, Baturetno Village, Banguntapan District, Bantul Regency, involving 20 participants. The implementation method included a site survey, material delivery, an introduction to the life cycle and benefits of BSF maggots, an explanation of waste sorting, maggot feeding, and post-activity observations. However, limitations in maggot maintenance techniques persisted, requiring ongoing mentoring. This activity contributes to reducing waste generation at its source and supports sustainable household waste management based on community participation.

Community service activities in Kalirahayu 1 Village aim to improve the utilization of social media as a marketing tool for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This initiative is important because many MSME actors in the village have not maximized social media usage, which limits their opportunities to increase product sales and market reach. The program was implemented through consultations, practical training, and continuous mentoring involving 10 MSME actors in Kalirahayu Village. Through this activity, participants were introduced to digital marketing strategies, including content creation, product promotion, and customer interaction through social media platforms. The results showed that MSME actors gained new knowledge and skills in using social media effectively, while students involved in the program also developed practical experience in digital marketing. Although several challenges were encountered, such as limited technological facilities and differences in participants’ initial knowledge levels, the program successfully increased awareness of the importance of digital marketing. This activity demonstrates strong potential for sustainable development and is expected to support the growth and competitiveness of MSMEs in rural areas.

Low levels of maternal knowledge and appropriate nutritional practices, combined with limited continuity of nutrition education from health workers, remain significant risk factors for maternal and child health problems, including stunting. The GEMPITA Program (Gerakan Edukasi MPASI Tepat dan Aman / Safe and Appropriate Complementary Feeding Education Movement) was implemented as a community service initiative to improve nutritional knowledge, skills, and practices among families in the working area of Teratak Public Health Center. The program employed structured methods, including socialization, education, training, demonstrations, mentoring, and non-formal monitoring and evaluation. The target participants were mothers with children aged 6–24 months, as well as health workers and community health cadres. Program effectiveness was assessed using pretest posttest measurements and direct observation of behavioral changes. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in maternal knowledge regarding appropriate complementary feeding, enhanced skills in age-appropriate food preparation, and improved hygienic and nutritious feeding practices. In addition, the capacity of health workers to deliver nutrition education was strengthened. Overall, the GEMPITA Program proved effective in improving family nutrition practices and reinforcing the role of the public health center in stunting prevention through a sustainable community empowerment approach.

The problem of household organic waste remains a major challenge in urban areas, including in the North Rejowinangun Village of Magelang City. High population density and limited land use cause the volume of organic waste to continue to increase and impact the condition of the Final Disposal Site (TPA) which is experiencing overcapacity. This community service activity aims to provide a community-based organic waste management solution through the cultivation of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots as a method of organic waste bioconversion. The implementation method is carried out in a participatory manner through the stages of preparation and problem identification, implementation of activities in the form of education and direct practice of BSF maggot cultivation, as well as monitoring and evaluation. The results of the activity show that BSF maggots are able to decompose household organic waste effectively, as indicated by a reduction in waste volume in a relatively short time and a decrease in potential odor. BSF larvae show stable growth with a high level of waste consumption, especially in media with good humidity and management. In addition to the environmental impact, this activity also increases public knowledge and awareness about the importance of organic waste management and opens up opportunities for the development of maggot cultivation as a productive activity with economic value. Thus, BSF maggot cultivation can be an alternative solution for sustainable organic waste management that is easy to implement in the community.

Health education at the elementary school level represents a long-term investment in developing a stronger and more capable generation. By fostering a proper understanding from an early age, children are expected to build a resilient defense against various health threats. This community service program aims to broaden the knowledge and awareness of students at SDN 054945 Dogang Village, Gebang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, regarding Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (known as PHBS). As a promotive and preventive strategy, PHBS is essential to instill from childhood to cultivate healthy habits and prevent various health disorders. This study utilizes a qualitative approach, applying the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The activity, conducted on July 20, 2024, involved 77 fourth and fifth-grade students and followed three main stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Socialization was carried out interactively through handwashing tutorial videos, physical exercises, PHBS-themed songs and rhythmic clapping, and Q&A sessions. The results indicated an improvement in students' understanding of various PHBS indicators, including handwashing habits, waste management, healthy food consumption, physical activity, growth monitoring, avoiding tobacco smoke, maintaining toilet cleanliness, and eradicating mosquito larvae. The active participation shown by the students reflects a heightened awareness of practicing PHBS within the school environment. In conclusion, this educational initiative has delivered a positive impact on student knowledge and holds the potential to foster a sustainable culture of clean and healthy living, both at school and in their daily lives.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease of the respiratory system that remains a global public health problem, including in Indonesia, with high incidence rates among adolescents due to intense social activities and interactions. This community service activity aims to increase adolescents' knowledge about TB from an epidemiological perspective, including modes of transmission, symptoms, risk factors, and prevention efforts as an airborne disease. The method used was a quasi-experimental approach with a two-group pretest-posttest design, through health education provided to 149 adolescents aged 15–17 years at Darussalam High School in Medan. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires to assess the level of knowledge before and after the educational intervention. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the level of knowledge after the education was provided, where the percentage of respondents in the high knowledge category increased from 82% in the pre-test to 93% in the post-test, accompanied by a decrease in the sufficient and low knowledge categories. This study shows that community service activities through health education have a significant effect on increasing adolescents' knowledge about tuberculosis. Health education has been proven to be effective as a promotional and preventive measure, so it needs to be implemented continuously to prevent the transmission

Oral and dental health problems among elementary school children remain relatively high, particularly dental caries, which is influenced by low levels of knowledge and inadequate toothbrushing skills. Children aged 6–12 years are in the mixed dentition phase and therefore require special attention in maintaining oral hygiene. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and toothbrushing skills of elementary school students through a demonstration method using a dental phantom model. The activity was conducted at SD Inpres Maccini Sombala I in January 2026 and involved elementary school students as participants. The methods applied included oral health education, demonstration of proper toothbrushing techniques using a dental phantom, mass toothbrushing practice, and evaluation through pre-test and post-test as well as direct observation. The results showed an improvement in students’ understanding of the correct timing, frequency, and technique of toothbrushing, namely brushing twice a day after breakfast and before bedtime. In addition, students were able to practice proper toothbrushing techniques more effectively after the demonstration. The use of a dental phantom as an educational medium proved to be effective in increasing students’ interest, understanding, and toothbrushing skills. This activity is expected to help establish good toothbrushing habits from an early age and support promotive and preventive efforts to reduce the prevalence of dental caries among elementary school children.

Data from the 2020 LFSP (Long Form Population Census) recorded a maternal mortality ratio of 189 per 100,000 live births, while the infant mortality rate was recorded at 16.85 per 1,000 live births. The causes of maternal mortality were hemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia, infection, prolonged labor, and miscarriage. Meanwhile, the majority of infant deaths were due to low birth weight, asphyxia, and infection at birth. Stunting remains a particular concern in Tegal City. Various measures have been taken, and the stunting rate has decreased to around 13.8% according to data from early 2025. This PKM is expected to increase public knowledge on caring for pregnant women, women in labor, postpartum women, and newborns, as well as preventing stunting in children, thereby reducing maternal and infant mortality rates. The methods used in this activity include health education and outreach with a promotive and preventive approach, targeting pregnant women and mothers with infants and toddlers. Community service was held on Wednesday, December 17, 2025, from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. at the Boegenvil Health Center in Cabawan Village, Tegal City, with 53 participants. The results of this activity showed an increase in the level of knowledge of the participants, from 11 people with a good level of knowledge to 41 people after receiving counseling, with 3 participants still having a low level of knowledge.

Data from the 2020 LFSP (Long Form Population Census) recorded a maternal mortality ratio of 189 per 100,000 live births, while the infant mortality rate was recorded at 16.85 per 1,000 live births. The causes of maternal mortality were hemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia, infection, prolonged labor, and miscarriage. Meanwhile, the majority of infant deaths were due to low birth weight, asphyxia, and infection at birth. Stunting remains a particular concern in Tegal City. Various measures have been taken, and the stunting rate has decreased to around 13.8% according to data from early 2025. This PKM is expected to increase public knowledge on caring for pregnant women, women in labor, postpartum women, and newborns, as well as preventing stunting in children, thereby reducing maternal and infant mortality rates. The methods used in this activity include health education and outreach with a promotive and preventive approach, targeting pregnant women and mothers with infants and toddlers. Community service was held on Wednesday, December 17, 2025, from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. at the Boegenvil Health Center in Cabawan Village, Tegal City, with 53 participants. The results of this activity showed an increase in the level of knowledge of the participants, from 11 people with a good level of knowledge to 41 people after receiving counseling, with 3 participants still having a low level of knowledge.

Malnutrition and stunting among children under five remain major public health challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Stunting reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, while severe malnutrition indicates acute or prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, often exacerbated by infections, poor caregiving practices, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This case report aims to describe the clinical condition, contributing factors, management, and outcomes of a 14-month-old female toddler diagnosed with severe malnutrition and stunting without complications in Blang Dalam Geuteung Village, Nisam Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency. The assessment was conducted using a family medicine approach, incorporating detailed history taking, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status evaluation based on World Health Organization Z-score indicators. Interventions included nutritional rehabilitation through appropriate dietary intake, family education on balanced nutrition and proper feeding practices, routine growth monitoring, and optimization of primary healthcare services. The results showed gradual improvement in the child’s nutritional status, evidenced by weight gain, better appetite, and improved feeding patterns following the intervention. This case highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive family-centered management, and continuous monitoring in addressing malnutrition and stunting at the primary care level. Strengthening community-based interventions, improving caregiver knowledge, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers and families are essential to reduce the burden of malnutrition and support optimal child growth and development.

Adolescents require higher levels of nutrients for physical growth and development, but the current trend is for adolescents to prefer instant foods such as junk food, spicy foods and foods containing unhealthy additives. This has led to the emergence of various diseases, one of which is gastritis. This condition is even more risky for female students living in Islamic boarding schools with busy activities and irregular meal schedules, thus requiring efforts to prevent gastritis. This study aims to determine the gastritis prevention behaviour of female students at Ma'had Asy-Syakur MAN 2 Kediri. This study uses a descriptive design with one variable, namely gastritis prevention behaviour. The research population consisted of students living at Ma'had Asy-Syakur MAN 2 Kediri, with a total of 59 respondents. Data collection was conducted using a gastritis prevention behaviour questionnaire. The results showed that almost all respondents (81.36%) had gastritis prevention behaviours in the adequate category, with a small portion in the good category (18.64%). The female students' busy and well-scheduled activities, accompanied by the implementation of discipline, regular meal arrangements, and the provision of stomach-friendly menus, contributed to the formation of gastritis prevention behaviour. The most common preventive behaviour was avoiding spicy foods, due to habits, taste preferences, and socio-cultural factors that had been established. This study recommends the need for health education that not only focuses on increasing knowledge but also changing attitudes and habits so that gastritis prevention behaviour can be further optimised.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on public health behavior, including the increasing consumption of health supplements as an effort to strengthen immunity. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge of the people of Gedongan Village RT 01 RW 05 regarding the use of health supplements during the pandemic. Health supplements are defined as products that contain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbal ingredients to support the immune system. The study used a descriptive approach with a survey method, involving 106 respondents who were selected purposively. Primary data was obtained through a structured questionnaire that had been validated, then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a level of knowledge in the sufficient category (54%), followed by the poor category (25%) and the good category (21%). Respondents understood the benefits of supplements as a nutritional supplement, but knowledge related to rules of use, appropriate dosage, and potential side effects was limited. Demographic factors such as age, education, and type of work have an effect on knowledge levels, where respondents of productive age, secondary education, and work with cognitive demands show better understanding. The study concludes the need for continuous health education through health workers, especially pharmacists, with an approach according to demographic characteristics to encourage the use of supplements in a rational, safe, and appropriate manner.

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors continue to increase in Indonesia. Riskesdas 2018 showed an increase in the main indicators of NCDs, such as hypertension, obesity, and smoking habits. The low knowledge of health workers, patients, and the community about NCDs is often the cause of the difficulty in controlling the disease, especially blood pressure. Knowledge can be increased by several factors, including age and understanding of mindset. This study aims to identify the impact of education on increasing the knowledge of health cadres. The method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design, using a one group pre-test and post-test approach. A sample of 10 individuals was selected using the total sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires before and after providing education about Posbindu NCDs and non-communicable diseases of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The analysis was carried out univariately, and after the normality test showed that the pre-test and post-test data were normally distributed, the Paired sample t-test was carried out. The results showed that almost half of the respondents were between 41-50 years old (50%), and more than half of the respondents had a senior high school education level (80%). The Paired sample t-test produced p-value of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05. In conclusion, there is a significant effect of providing education on increasing the knowledge of health cadres. Further training is needed to improve the understanding and skills of health cadres.

Adolescent reproductive health is an important aspect that requires special attention, especially regarding the problem of dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain. Dysmenorrhea is often considered normal, even though it can reduce the quality of life and disrupt the learning activities of young women. One factor that influences dysmenorrhea is nutritional status and diet. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of young women about preventing dysmenorrhea through health promotion using posters with an anti-inflammatory diet approach based on "Healing Through Nutrition". The activity was carried out at the UPT SMA 9 Bulukumba on May 6, 2025, targeting 20 young women. The activity method included the planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages, with a pre-test and post-test to assess the level of knowledge of participants. The results showed a significant increase in adolescent knowledge about preventing dysmenorrhea. Before the activity, 50% of respondents had poor knowledge, 40% had sufficient knowledge, and only 10% had good knowledge. After the intervention, 80% of respondents had good knowledge and 20% had sufficient knowledge, with no category of poor. These results indicate that poster media is effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge about dysmenorrhea and the importance of an anti-inflammatory diet as a non-pharmacological effort to prevent it.

This research seeks to examine the influence of taxpayer knowledge, taxpayer awareness, and tax sanctions on the compliance of motor vehicle taxpayers in Boyolali Regency. Motor vehicle tax constitutes a significant component of regional original revenue; however, the level of revenue realization has not yet fully met the established targets, indicating the presence of compliance-related challenges. The study adopts a quantitative explanatory design. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 motor vehicle taxpayers registered at the Boyolali Samsat Office, with respondents selected through accidental sampling based on the Slovin formula. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software, following preliminary tests of validity, reliability, and classical assumptions. The findings demonstrate that taxpayer knowledge and taxpayer awareness exert a positive and statistically significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. In addition, tax sanctions are also shown to have a positive and significant impact and represent the most dominant factor influencing compliance. These results are consistent with Attribution Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, which highlight the importance of both internal and external determinants in shaping taxpayer compliance behavior. This study is expected to provide empirical support for research on regional tax compliance and offer practical insights for local governments in developing strategies to improve motor vehicle tax compliance.

This study addresses low student engagement and high levels of boredom in entrepreneurship courses that rely heavily on one-way PowerPoint-based lectures. Preliminary observations in-dicated that 80% of students experienced low motivation and difficulty generating innovative business ideas. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of gamification on student learning motivation and business creativity.A quantitative approach was employed using a pre-experimental (One-Group Pretest–Posttest design). The sample consisted of 25 students selected through total sampling. Gamification elements, including: points, badges, and leaderboards, were integrated into the learning process to replace conventional lecture methods.The findings indicate that the implementation of gamification significantly trans-formed student learning behavior and classroom dynamics. Students shifted from passive disengagement, characterized by limited interaction and high distraction levels, to proactive participation. Verbal interactions increased substantially, moving beyond administrative ques-tions toward meaningful business discussions. Students demonstrated heightened engagement and responsiveness during learning activities. The gamified learning environment also fostered a safe space for creative experimentation, enabling students to take entrepreneurial risks without fear of academic or financial failure. Improvements were observed across key di-mensions of business creativity, including fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The study concludes that gamification is an effective pedagogical strategy for enhancing student motivation and business creativity in entrepreneurship education. By transforming learning from a passive knowledge-transfer model into an experiential and interactive process, gami-fication supports the development of an entrepreneurial mindset among digital native students.

This community service program aims to utilize Balinese orange peel waste into marketable jelly candy in Battu Winangun Village, Lubuk Raja District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The implementation method included socialization, 2-day practical training, and production mentoring involving 30 participants from women's farmer groups, PKK mothers, and youth youth organizations. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge from 15% to 92% about the economic potential of Balinese orange peel waste, with 85% of participants successfully producing good-quality jelly candy that met the criteria of chewy texture, balanced sweet-sour taste, and attractive bright color. This program successfully processed orange peel waste rich in natural pectin (18-25%) into a functional low-calorie product with a shelf life of 2-4 weeks. The program's impacts included the formation of independent business groups, a 25-30% reduction in organic waste, and increased public awareness of a sustainable circular economy. The final evaluation showed a 90% level of participant satisfaction, with 87% of participants interested in continuing independent production. In conclusion, this program effectively increases the added value of local agricultural products, empowers the community's economy, and creates social transformation toward a self-sufficient and environmentally conscious village.

This study examines Indonesian as a pillar of academic identity and the urgency of revitalizing students' language attitudes and ethics in the digital era. The rapid development of digital communication has influenced students' language practices in academic contexts, which tend to lead to the use of informal, impolite language that does not reflect academic ethics. This study aims to describe students' language attitudes, academic communication patterns, and the level of awareness of language ethics in the use of Indonesian in higher education. This study used a qualitative approach with participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews with students. The results show that students basically have normative knowledge of good and correct Indonesian, but this knowledge has not been consistently internalized in academic communication practices, especially in the digital space. The dominant digital communication culture has weakened students' sensitivity to politeness, ethics, and language professionalism. Furthermore, Indonesian language learning in higher education is still more oriented towards the technical aspects of writing than the formation of academic attitudes and identities. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of revitalizing Indonesian language learning that is contextual, reflective, and oriented towards strengthening students' attitudes, ethics, and academic identities in the digital era.

Background: The postpartum period is a critical phase requiring optimal nutritional intake for maternal recovery and ensuring the quality of breast milk. In densely populated urban areas such as Semampir District, dietary quality is often influenced by the level of nutrition knowledge and household economic conditions. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutrition knowledge and household food security with dietary quality among postpartum mothers in Semampir District, Surabaya. Methods: This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 340 postpartum mothers were selected using simple random sampling. Nutrition knowledge was measured through a structured questionnaire, food security was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and dietary quality was measured using the 3-level Balanced Diet Index derived from 24-hour food recall data. Data were analyzed descriptively and through the Chi-Square correlation test. Results: The findings indicated that the majority of respondents possessed a good level of nutrition knowledge (average correct answers >75%), with the highest score in anemia prevention (81.2%) and the lowest in the functional role of Vitamin A (75.9%). Dietary quality assessment revealed that most respondents were in the [Select: Moderate/Poor] category based on IGS scores. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between both nutrition knowledge and household food security with the dietary quality of postpartum mothers. Conclusion: Good nutrition knowledge and stable food security contribute positively to the dietary quality of postpartum mothers. Targeted nutritional education regarding micronutrients and strengthening food access at the household level are essential to optimize maternal health during the postpartum period in urban settings.