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In the digital era, learning Pancasila Education at SD Negeri 01 Watusalam faces challenges in delivering material that is interesting and easy for students to understand. This research aims to examine the use of the Canva graphic design application in increasing the effectiveness of Pancasila education learning in the school. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that using Canva in learning can increase students' creativity, allowing them to create more interesting and interactive learning materials, such as posters and infographics, which help them understand the values ​​of Pancasila better. Apart from that, using Canva also increases student involvement and motivation in the learning process. However, this research also identified several limitations, such as limited access to technological devices and stable internet connections, as well as a lack of training for teachers in using graphic design applications such as Canva. However, with the right guidance and optimal use, Canva can be an effective tool for improving student learning outcomes and developing graphic design skills relevant to the needs of today's digital world. This research recommends the need for training for teachers in using Canva and improving technology infrastructure in schools to support digital-based learning.

The purpose of the Final Project is to visualize the classic onthel bicycle in the development of the times as an idea for the creation of graphic works in serigraphy technique with a combination method, colet method, afdruk method and cut pattern method. The method of creation carried out in the final work has stages from the beginning of the process to the end, namely the preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion or finishing stages in the work. In the process of making the final work measuring 69 cm x 49cm using serigraphy on canvas, there are 10 pieces with titles namely: Renewal, Communication, Trend, Sad, Driver, Influence, Obstacle, Identity, Message, and Consistent.

This study investigates teachers' views on utilizing graphic media to enhance the speaking abilities of elementary school students. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review, the study analyzes various journals, books, and relevant scientific articles. Findings reveal that teachers generally hold a favorable attitude toward graphic media, as it helps simplify material comprehension and motivates students to engage more actively in speaking activities. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including limited access to resources and insufficient technological skills. The discussion highlights the necessity of providing teacher training and institutional support to maximize the use of graphic media. In summary, graphic media proves to be an effective tool for improving speaking skills when combined with appropriate strategies and adequate teacher expertise.  

Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics pose significant environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature. Bioplastics, particularly those derived from corn starch, offer a promising alternative because of their biodegradability and renewable origin. This article presents a narrative review analyzing the effects of various additives on the characteristics of corn starch-based bioplastics, including tensile strength, water absorption, and biodegradability. The review focuses on scientific publications from 2015 to 2025.  Three types of additives were examined: cellulose fibers, graphene oxide (GO), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results show that the combination of starch and PVA with glycerol yields the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength (1.8 MPa), moderate water resistance 60%, and rapid biodegradation within 6–10 days. While cellulose improves mechanical properties, it tends to slow down the degradation rate. GO provides only slight enhancements in mechanical and water-resistant properties. Overall, the starch–PVA blend appears to be the most promising formulation for developing eco-friendly and applicable bioplastics in the future.

Ratification is the formal process by which a country approves and legally ratifies an international agreement. Ratification was first introduced at the Vienna convention. The ratification of IE-CEPA was realized by the ratification of Law Number 1 of 2021 in accordance with the contents of Article 11 of the 1945 Constitution for the sake of the welfare of society. This research aims to determine the content of IE-CEPA and its impacts on Indonesia. This research uses normative research methods and is presented descriptively analytically. The results of the research conclude that this ratification has fulfilled the standards of international agreements and also the contents of the 1945 Constitution. Apart from that, this ratification has an impact on law, namely the obligation to harmonize national law and the economic impact which is marked by an increase in the trade graph of both parties.

This study aims to obtain the validity of E-LAPD using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model that can be used to improve science literacy on chemical equilibrium material. The design used is a 4-D model designed to improve students' science literacy skills. The valid E-LAPD was evaluated through a validation sheet filled in by the validator using a Likert scale. Validity consists of construct validity which includes presentation components, graphic components, suitability of models and indicators to be improved and content validation which includes the suitability of learning objectives with learning outcomes and the suitability of problems or phenomena with the material being taught.  The validity of E-LAPD is declared valid if the score from the validator is at least 4 and does not have one score < 3 from the validator. The results showed that the E-LAPD developed had high validity indicating that the mode score of the validator ≥ 4. The developed E-LAPD was declared valid for use with a construct and content validation assessment which was described as valid with a score of 4, thus E-LAPD using the PBL model was declared valid for use to improve science literacy in chemical equilibrium material.

This study aims to systematically examine the use of Math Mechanixs software as a medium for learning mathematics to improve students' computational skills. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), with data sources obtained from various scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, DOAJ, and ResearchGate. The study was conducted by filtering articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then analyzed to find patterns and effectiveness of the use of the software. The results of the review indicate that Math Mechanixs, with its 2D/3D graphic visualization features, equation editor, and scientific calculator, has great potential in helping students understand mathematical concepts more efficiently and interactively. In addition to increasing the speed and accuracy of calculations, this software also encourages the development of students' algorithmic and logical thinking skills. However, more empirical research is needed to strengthen these findings in the context of Indonesian education. This study recommends the integration of Math Mechanixs in mathematics learning with the support of teacher training and adequate supporting facilities.    

When someone enters old age, symptoms such as senility or difficulty remembering new information often appear. This condition is known as dementia, a syndrome characterized by decreased cognitive function, behavioral changes, memory impairment, disorientation, and difficulty communicating and making decisions. This community service program aims to provide information and understanding about how to handle dementia that can be done at home. Activities are carried out through a counseling method consisting of a pre-test, education, and post-test, using leaflets and questionnaires containing questions to measure the level of understanding of participants. The results of the counseling showed an increase in participant knowledge, as seen from the comparison of the graph between the pre-test and post-test results. Education accompanied by brain gymnastics practices has been shown to have a positive impact on increasing participants' understanding of dementia and how to handle it. It is hoped that this counseling will continue to provide benefits to participants and can be applied in everyday life.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of the Sumedang E-Office application in order to improve service quality using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) [1]. This study uses the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) survey methodology, and this study also collects survey data and a sample size of 25 people. The data sources for this study are primary data and secondary data. The research stage begins by determining the formulation of the problem, analyzing needs, defining questions, identifying respondents, measuring UEQ, and finally drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the quality of the Sumedang E-Office application service still needs to be improved. This is supported by the results of the benchmark graph which is on average in the red range, namely the bad range. Of the six dimensions or existing measurements, those that need to be updated or improved: attractiveness, accuracy, stimulation and novelty.    

The competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia often faces obstacles due to limited product packaging that fails to adequately reflect product quality, uniqueness, and brand identity. Packaging is not merely a protective container but also a strategic communication tool that influences consumer perceptions, shapes brand image, and supports market expansion. This community service program was carried out at the Banana Chips MSME “Bu Tini” in Semarang, which previously relied on simple plastic packaging without graphic design, brand logo, or product information. The main objective of this program was to assist the MSME in developing both the design and functional aspects of packaging as a strategic effort to strengthen branding, enhance product value, and improve competitiveness. The methodology applied was community-based and participatory, consisting of field observation, focus group discussions, collaborative design with the business owner, and prototype testing of new packaging. The results demonstrate that the redesigned packaging highlights a stronger visual identity through logos, colors, and slogans, while also ensuring practicality, durability, and compliance with food safety standards. Furthermore, the new packaging improved information clarity regarding composition, expiration date, and producer details, which significantly increased consumer trust in hygiene and quality. From a broader perspective, the activity fostered social transformation by raising awareness among the owner and workers about the importance of branding and professional packaging, developing new skills, and positioning the MSME as a role model for similar businesses in the community. This program implies that packaging development is not solely a visual improvement but a strategic branding instrument that can support MSMEs in achieving sustainability and greater competitiveness in local, regional, and potentially digital markets.

Indonesian language learning includes four aspects of language skills, namely listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills and writing skills, writing is a language skill that aims to convey information in writing through graphic symbols that are clear and easy to understand by readers. The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the structure of the biographical text, namely the orientation of important events and reorientation. This description uses a case study approach, which is a method that aims to analyze and understand a phenomenon or problem in depth and comprehensively. This study uses data analysis techniques based on the Miles and Huberman model, namely through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.

This work was created out of the author's interest in the world of video games and realized in the form of graphic art. In this video game, the author found interesting aspects of the Monster Hunter game, starting from its ecosystem, system, and the excitement of playing it. Until the point where the author encounters bosses in the game called elder dragons, including Gore Magala, Shagaru Magala, and Valstrax. This research aims to bring the world of the game to life as a work of art. In this research, the author created 15 artworks depicting monster forms, monster hunts, and tasks that monster hunters must undertake. In creating this work, the author used a pen with black and white ink, employing the cross-hatching technique. This technique helps the author create a dynamic impression, contrast, balance, and volume, and also makes it easier for the author to add depth to the shading in the created works. The result of this research produced 15 works with titles taken from several video game references and some tasks taken from monster hunters.

The technical assessment project's major goals were to gain a comprehensive understanding of the integrity and capacity status of the justice sector in Nigeria. Nigeria's existing levels of access to justice, the promptness and caliber of justice delivery, the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, corruption, and public confidence in justice sector institutions were all examined in this study. In three pilot states, respondents were given pre-formulated questions intended to elicit their perceptions and experiences related to a particular day in court. Both narrative and graphic formats are used to present the interview results. The report presents key findings relating to the target groups' perceptions and experiences regarding the delivery of justice and the integrity of the justice system, and it identifies the underlying causes of the issues by drawing on and analyzing the data, paying particular attention to the reinforcing interdependencies of the various problems. The study, which is structured around 17 major findings, provides a thorough examination of the information acquired from the interviews. Based on the main conclusions, it offers comprehensive policy recommendations for judicial reform initiatives that will improve public trust in the legal system, increase the independence, fairness, and impartiality of the judiciary, improve accessibility to the courts, improve the efficiency of justice delivery, and reduce corruption in the legal system.

A database is a fundamental element in an information system that is used to manage and store data. Two commonly used database types are NoSQL (Not Only SQL) and SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL uses a structured relational model with a fixed schema, while NoSQL is more flexible with various storage models such as document, key-value, column-width, and graph. This research aims to conduct a literature study on the comparison of these two types of databases, including their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability in various information system scenarios. The study results show that the choice between SQL and NoSQL is highly dependent on the specific needs of the application, in terms of performance, scalability, and data complexity.

Gallic Acid (GA) is a polyphenolic compound widely found in plants and has shown potential as a natural antibacterial agent. This literature review aims to assess the effectiveness of gallic acid as an antibacterial based on available experimental studies. The reviewed articles include studies published between 2015 and 2025 that specifically investigated the antibacterial activity of gallic acid against pathogenic bacteria. Various studies have demonstrated that GA, either in its pure form or in combination with other materials such as hydrogels, gold nanoparticles (AuNP-GA), graphene oxide (GO-GA), and natural extracts, exhibits significant antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and other pathogenic bacteria. GA-based formulations also show additional benefits, such as promoting wound healing, supporting osteogenesis, and even exerting cytotoxic effects on certain cancer cells. Nevertheless, further research is needed to optimize the clinical application of gallic acid by considering both its safety and efficacy.

Today's in digital era, graphic design skills have become one of the essential competencies, especially for students of Vocational High Schools (SMK) who are prepared to enter the workforce. However, challenges such as limited access to professional design software and a lack of adequate training often hinder students' creative development. Therefore, this training program is designed to enhance the graphic design skills of students at SMK Tri Sakti Lubuk Pakam by utilizing Canva. Canva was chosen as the main platform due to its ease of use, availability of various creative features, and accessibility in both free and paid versions. This program implements various methods, including theoretical and practical training, interactive workshops, and evaluation of students' design results. The activities will be conducted in stages, starting with an introduction to basic graphic design, exploring Canva features, and then applying them in creating various design works such as posters, promotional materials, and digital content. It is expected that through this training, students will improve their graphic design skills, making them more prepared to face the creative industry or develop their own business. Additionally, this program also aims to enhance the competitiveness of SMK Tri Sakti Lubuk Pakam graduates in the workforce and foster an innovative and creative culture among students.

Darmji Village is one of the villages that has residents who produce printed handicrafts and various types of ready-to-pack food. The people in the village are able to produce thousands of handicraft products within one month, but the problems faced by the people there are that they are not competent enough to digitalize to promote their products worldwide. , so that I, fromSTMIK LOMBOKstudents, took the initiative to conduct community service training in the village to help the community understand how to use social media to increase the selling value of their products so that from this they can increase the income of the people in Darmaji village, the method I use in this service training is the method Observations, interviews, socialization and training, so that at the end of the activity we get an increase in graphics from 0% to 53% of the knowledge that I convey to the public can be absorbed and applied properly

This study aims to produce a valid SOLE-based reaction rate electronic student activity sheet (E-LKPD) and to determine user responses to the resulting product. The research method used is research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) development model. The research instrument is a validation sheet given to three validators and a user response sheet to one chemistry teacher of Senior High School 7 Pekanbaru and one chemistry teacher of Senior High School 11 Pekanbaru as well as 13 class XI students of Senior High School 7 Pekanbaru and 13 class XI students of Senior High School 11 Pekanbaru. The data analysis technique is carried out by calculating the percentage of validation assessment scores and user responses, the results of which are measured by an attitude assessment table. The results of the study indicate that the electronic student activity sheet (E-LKPD) based on SOLE that was developed has met the valid criteria by the material validator based on the aspect of content feasibility of 92.19%, SOLE model characteristics of 95.83%, pedagogic of 93.75%, linguistic of 95.83% and graphic of 95.83%. For the media validator based on the aspect of size of 100%, cover design of 92.50% and content design of 97.50%. While the user response based on teacher and student responses is in the very good criteria with scores of 94.79% and 88.05% respectively.

This study aims to analyze the design of Indonesian horror film posters through Pierre Bourdieu's sociological lens. The main focus of the study is to understand how the visual elements in the poster reflect the social dynamics, culture, and structure of the film industry. By using the concepts of habitus, capital (cultural, symbolic, economic), field, doxa, and social reproduction, this study reveals that the design of horror film posters not only functions as a promotional tool, but also as a medium that reproduces local cultural values ​​and community beliefs about the supernatural world. Elements such as traditional ghosts such as genderuwo, kuntilanak and mystical symbols such as keris, offerings, then there are dark colors, and a scary atmosphere reflect the habits of audiences who are familiar with local myths. This study also shows that horror film posters reproduce stereotypes about the relationship between humans and the supernatural world, and strengthen the hierarchy of spiritual power through visual symbols. These findings confirm the relevance of Bourdieu's theory in understanding cultural phenomena through visual media. This study is expected to provide new insights for filmmakers, graphic designers, and students in understanding the interaction between culture, aesthetics, and the film industry.

At present, little is known in Nigeria and globally about the association between stress and cortisol secretion in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that involves high blood pressure and organ damage, and it has been associated with various physiological alterations. This study aims to determine the comparative levels of cortisol, a stress marker, in preeclamptic pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Cortisol levels are known to fluctuate in response to stress, and altered levels may indicate an underlying pathophysiological process. Forty (40) consenting pregnant women were recruited from St. Philomina Catholic Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected and spun in a bucket centrifuge at 2500 RPM (rounds per minute) for 10 minutes. The plasma was stored frozen in plain sample bottles and analyzed for cortisol levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data obtained were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 software. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM, and a P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found that cortisol levels significantly increased from 226.4 ± 36.53 nmol/L in normotensive women to 370.7 ± 36.47 nmol/L in preeclamptic women (p<0.05, <0.0081). This increase was statistically significant, suggesting that elevated cortisol levels in preeclamptic women may be linked to stress and potentially to oxidative stress cascade activation. These findings contribute to the understanding of stress-related physiological changes in preeclampsia and may offer insights for future diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.