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Article 244 of the latest Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) prohibits racial and ethnic discrimination. However, its implementation is still subject to debate. This research aims to analyze the hadith perspective on Article 244 of the new Criminal Code regarding racial and ethnic discrimination. This research uses qualitative methods with a text analysis approach. Information is collected from hadith books and other related literature. Information is analyzed using deductive and inductive methods. The research results show that the hadith has a perspective that is in line with Article 244 of the new Criminal Code regarding racial and ethnic discrimination. These hadiths teach that all humans are equal before Allah SWT, and there should be no discrimination based on race or ethnicity. This research recommends that the new interpretation of Article 244 of the Criminal Code considers the hadith perspective. This is important to ensure that the application of this article does not violate the principles of justice and equality.

In this research, we will explore and explain further the link of Bukhari's hadith regarding women's leadership and the provisions of Article 27 paragraph 1 of the Law on Gender Equality in Leadership Positions. This research was conducted using a multidisciplinary approach that combines textual analysis, historical-critical methods, and legal methods. The findings show that Bukhari's hadith about women's leadership needs to be understood in its socio-historical context and cannot be interpreted from the text alone. On top of that, this research found that the spirit of gender equality in Article 27 paragraph 1 of the law is in line with Islamic rules for creating a fair and beneficial system. Therefore, the reconciliation of religious values and positive legal norms regarding women's leadership can be achieved by considering the comprehensive interpretation of the Bukhari hadith and the contextual application of Law Article 27 paragraph 1. Women's leadership is an important issue that has sparked debate throughout the world, including Indonesia . This debate is rooted in the dialectic between religious values and positive legal norms. In Islamic studies, the placement of certain hadiths in the Sahih Bukhari book is often interpreted as preventing women from occupying leadership positions. On the other hand, Article 27 paragraph 1 of the Law firmly guarantees the right of every citizen to take leadership roles without gender discrimination.

Bullying, especially against individuals with disabilities, is a social issue that cuts across multiple spheres of life. Disability is often a source of inequality and discrimination, with vulnerable individuals being subjected to insensitive and harmful treatment. To create an inclusive and equitable environment, it is important for society to understand and prevent bullying of individuals with disabilities through awareness-raising and concrete actions.The literature review method used in the research on preventing bullying of individuals with disabilities is that this approach allows for the collection of relevant and high-quality information. By identifying the topic, conducting a source search, selecting sources based on inclusion criteria, analyzing the sources, and drafting the report, the researcher can produce a comprehensive and in-depth report on the topic. that a good understanding of disability, strong legal protection, an inclusive environment, and the involvement of all parties in society are key in preventing bullying of individuals with disabilities.

Crime cases are a common problem for many countries around the world. It doesn't matter whether the country is a developed country, a developing country or a poor country. In Indonesia itself, there are still many cases of crime, many of which are caused by economic problems such as income inequality, poverty, high levels of poverty, and low levels of education which can influence crime itself. By knowing whether these economic problem variables influence crime or not, the crime problem in Indonesia can be addressed better. This type of research is included in quantitative research. In this research, we will examine economic inequality, poverty levels, education levels and poverty levels on crime in Indonesia in 2013-2023. The data used in this research is secondary data, namely data obtained from a second source during the period 2013 to 2023. The type of data used in this research is time series data. The data in this research were obtained from publications from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. The data collection method uses the documentation method, namely the method of collecting data on economic inequality, poverty levels, education levels, unemployment and crime rates which is carried out by taking data from various documentation or publications from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The research results obtained are that economic inequality has an insignificant positive effect on the crime rate, while education level, poverty level and open poverty rate have an insignificant negative effect on the crime rate.

This research was studied to analyze the factors that influence economic growth in the area. This research will focus on analyzing the relationship between the open unemployment rate, population and poverty on the island of Sumatra. The aim of this research is to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that influence economic growth on the island of Sumatra. Poverty is a problem that covers many aspects because it is related to low income, illiteracy, low health status and inequality between genders and a poor living environment (Word Bank, 2004). Overcoming the problem of poverty cannot be done separately from the problems of poverty, education, health and other problems that are explicitly closely related to the problem of poverty. Poverty is one of the problems faced by developing countries, including Indonesia.

Crime cases are a common problem for many countries around the world. It doesn't matter whether the country is a developed country, a developing country or a poor country. In Indonesia itself, there are still many cases of crime, many of which are caused by economic problems such as income inequality, poverty, high levels of unemployment, and low levels of education which can influence crime itself. By knowing whether these economic problem variables influence crime or not, the crime problem in Indonesia can be addressed better. This type of research is included in quantitative research. In this research, we will examine economic inequality, poverty levels, education levels and unemployment rates on crime in Indonesia in 2013-2023. The data used in this research is secondary data, namely data obtained from a second source during the period 2013 to 2023. The type of data used in this research is time series data. The data in this research were obtained from publications from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. The data collection method uses the documentation method, namely the method of collecting data on economic inequality, poverty levels, education levels, unemployment and crime rates which is carried out by taking data from various documentation or publications from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The research results obtained were that economic inequality had an insignificant positive effect on the crime rate, while the level of education, poverty level and open unemployment rate had an insignificant negative effect on the crime rate.

The Republic of Indonesia is a country that has various ethnic, cultural, racial, religious and linguistic diversity. This diversity is united by the existence of Pancasila. Pancasila is the basis of the Republic of Indonesia which was ratified on August 18 1945. Pancasila is the basis of the State, the result of culture and people's thinking which is used as a guideline for life in society, nation and state. Pancasila has noble values ​​which are reflected in the Pancasila principles. The results of the research show that students in the PPKN C 2022 Unimed environment have varying levels of understanding of the Fourth Principle of Pancasila. There may be variations in their knowledge and understanding of the values ​​contained in the Fourth Precept, such as human rights, social justice, equality, and unity. This research has important implications for the development of citizenship education within PPKN and Medan State University in general. Efforts to increase students' understanding of Pancasila values ​​can contribute to the formation of a more democratic and participatory attitude.  

The debate on the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates is an important issue in the context of Indonesian democracy. Democracy emphasizes the principles of equality and participation, while meritocracy emphasizes competence and experience. Currently, the minimum age limit for presidential candidates in Indonesia is 35 years old. Debates have arisen over the relevance of this age in the current political context, with arguments in favor of the role of younger generations bringing innovation versus the need for experience and wisdom. This study aims to re-evaluate the age limit for presidential candidates in Indonesia from historical, constitutional and international comparative perspectives, and examine its impact on political dynamics and leadership quality. The research methodology involves literature analysis and recent case studies. The results are expected to contribute significantly to the discussion on the age limit for presidential candidates and its implications for democracy and meritocracy in Indonesia.

Gender is a cultural interpretation and receives a lot of attention in society. One of the problems that occurs in the community in Lattekko Village, Bone Regency, this research is to determine community perceptions and forms of equality within the family by studying family systems theory through developing scales or indicators that reflect aspects of gender equality. Quantitative approach to data collection. The research results show that the level of public knowledge regarding gender equality is still very low. Of the total 40 respondents, only 9 (22.5%) respondents knew gender, while 31 (77.5%) respondents did not know. However, the level of gender equality between men and women does not result in differences in treatment, work, time, public participation in society and household duties. The level of knowledge of respondents regarding gender equality in Lattekko Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency, is still very low.

Uneven population distribution is a condition where the population in an area is not distributed evenly and regularly. Uneven population distribution can be seen between rural areas and urban areas. Factors that influence these conditions are geographical conditions, environmental conditions and economic development. Indonesia has a very large territory so it is difficult to evenly distribute the population. Uneven population distribution has positive and negative impacts on life. The positive impact is to encourage economic growth and improve infrastructure. The negative impact is social inequality, crime, and can trigger traffic jams.  

Indonesia is currently in a demographic bonus until 2035. Where the productive age shows that the number of young people in the age range of 15-29 in 2022 reaches 24.3 percent and this is the basic capital in development. There are several countries that have successfully managed the demographic bonus and become developed countries such as Japan, South Korea, China and Singapore. Based on modernization theory that economic development will affect the value system of society that leads to gender equality. The Demographic Bonus is a golden opportunity for a nation if utilized properly. But the question is whether Indonesia is ready to seize the opportunity. The purpose of this paper is how to reveal facts, phenomena, variables. The research method uses a literature study with a descriptive-qualitative analysis method based on literature review. The results of the study are that there are several reasons that encourage someone to migrate with economic, family, education and work motives. Currently, Indonesia faces challenges in human development. The arrival of young migrants will lead to population growth and human resource development. The decision to migrate between men and women has different driving and pulling factors, women's participation to migrate where women's labor force participation is only 53.41 percent compared to men's 83.87 percent.

Technological developments have changed the way humans handle conflict. Face-to-face communication has become the least used method of conflict resolution. Nowadays, conflict resolution is established through mediated communication, one of which is the social media Instagram. This research uses a qualitative approach and attempts to explain the role of Instagram in mediating interpersonal communication processes to resolve conflicts related to gender issues. @poppyrahardjo's Instagram Live session was used as a corpus in this research. The research results show that interpersonal communication mediated by Instagram Live can provide space for communicators to open up and establish a similar perception of their opinions on gender issues. There are three stages to establishing a similar perception, discourse development, openness process, and perception equality process.

This study explores the intersection of Islamic education and democratic principles, focusing on their historical context and core tenets. Historically, Islamic education has emphasized knowledge, ethics, and community welfare, aligning with many democratic ideals such as equality and civic engagement. This research examines the compatibility between Islamic values and democratic principles, arguing that both systems advocate for justice, participation, and the common good. However, integrating these frameworks presents challenges, including criticisms regarding potential conflicts between religious doctrines and democratic freedoms. Despite these challenges, the benefits of harmonizing Islamic education with democracy are significant. Such integration can foster a more inclusive, ethically grounded civic society, enhancing mutual respect and cooperation. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on how educational practices rooted in Islamic teachings can enrich democratic processes, ultimately promoting a balanced approach to faith and civic responsibility.

  Abstract: National income is one of the key indicators in measuring the economic welfare of a country, which describes the total value of all goods and services produced in a certain time period. This concept is the basis for understanding the economic dynamics of a country, which reflects production, distribution and expenditure activities in the economy. In national income analysis, the three-sector and four-sector approaches offer different points of view in understanding the structure and interaction of economic sectors. The three-sector approach separates the economy into household, business, and government sectors. Households act as the main consumers influencing aggregate demand, while businesses are responsible for the production of goods and services, and the government has a role in regulating and managing economic activities. On the other hand, the four-sector approach broadens the analysis by including the foreign trade sector, which makes it possible to understand the influence of international trade on national income. In this article, we provide an in-depth discussion of national income in both analytical frameworks, discussing the role of each sector in the formation of national income and its impact on the economy as a whole. We also explore relevant policy implications in the context of the three-sector and four-sector approaches, including strategies to increase economic growth, reduce inequality, and promote societal well-being.    

This article discusses the complex phenomenon of poverty from both a conventional and Islamic perspective, which is one of the biggest social challenges faced by global society. Poverty is not only an economic problem, but also has a broad and serious impact on health, education, access to resources and opportunities for a decent life. Through qualitative research, this article outlines the factors that cause poverty and explores various strategies and policies that can be adopted by governments, non-governmental organizations and civil society to address poverty effectively. With a better understanding of the complexities of poverty and efforts to overcome it, it is hoped that concrete steps can be taken to reduce inequality and provide fairer opportunities for all individuals in society.

The aim of this research is to understand the multi-party system in Indonesia, the political representation system in Indonesia, and the relationship between these systems with the political dynamics in Kelurahan Dompak, Tanjung Pinang. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, utilizing interviews, observations, and document analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. The results indicate that Indonesia's political system provides opportunities for various political parties to participate in the political process and elections. At the local level, the relationship between political parties, the community, and the government is crucial in the context of democracy. Although the dynamics of political money influence the public's perception of assistance provided by candidates, the principles of political equality and freedom remain the foundation of the political representation system aimed at forming a government that is responsive to the needs of the people.

Monetary policy in Islamic economics is an important aspect in maintaining economic stability and promoting the welfare of the people. In the Islamic economic paradigm, monetary policy aims to create a balance between sustainable economic growth and fair distribution of wealth. Principles such as fairness, sustainability and fairness are the basis for formulating monetary policy. First, monetary policy must ensure that the creation of new money is carried out responsibly, avoiding inflation that is detrimental to society. In addition, the Islamic monetary system encourages the use of financial instruments based on sharia principles, such as mudharabah and musyarakah, which encourage healthy economic participation. Second, monetary policy must pay attention to aspects of wealth redistribution to reduce economic inequality. This can be achieved through collecting zakat, infaq and sadaqah as well as channeling funds to sectors in need, such as education, health and poverty alleviation. By implementing monetary policy in accordance with Islamic economic principles, it is hoped that an economy that is inclusive, sustainable and fair can be realized for all members of society.

The massive patriarchal culture in society, misunderstanding of religion and unequal power in the family have resulted in high rates of domestic violence in Indonesia, where women are often the victims of violence. This violence often leads to divorce, while the wife is always the loser. This article discusses the importance of gender equality in Islamic family law as an effort to break the chain of domestic violence and achieve the goal of a harmonious marriage. This article uses the library research method by collecting literature related to domestic violence and family law in Indonesia. The analysis is conducted using the normative-inductive method with a gender justice approach, focusing on the position of men and women in the marriage relationship. In the discussion, this article reviews domestic violence, the forms of violence that occur, as well as the causes of domestic violence elaboration of family regulations in Muslim countries. Efforts to eliminate domestic violence and create harmonious families require the implementation of gender equality in family law. This is key to ensuring the well-being and protection of all family members, as well as to achieving the essence of the purpose of marriage in Islam.

The moral crisis has become a hot topic frequently discussed in various mass media lately. Various forms of moral crisis can be observed among different younger generations, including within the environment of Islamic boarding schools. In recent years, there has been a shift in values and behaviors among teenagers influenced by technology, social media, and cultural changes, leading to a decline in awareness of social ethics and prevailing norms in society. Through a holistic and integrated approach, social ethics education will provide understanding to female students about the importance of values such as empathy, tolerance, social responsibility, equality, and justice. This research aims to explore the concepts of social ethics values, the internalization process of social ethics education values, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors of internalizing social ethics education values in the Al-Qur’an Specialized Boarding School of Kalibeber Wonosobo. The research method employed is qualitative to gain in-depth understanding. The findings indicate that the concept of internalizing social ethics education values for female students is a key factor in shaping noble character. The social ethics of female students in the Al-Qur’an Specialized Boarding School of Kalibeber Wonosobo is deemed positive based on their daily habits, and they have successfully addressed several issues through implemented programs, ensuring that the process of internalizing social ethics education values progresses as expected.

In the history of Islam, there is no prohibition for women to do work outside their homes. women have great roles and responsibilities when they do activities outside the home. This is evidenced by the existence of women who participated in wars, worked as nurses, shepherds, babysitters, and many more. Although in Islam it is said that women are siblings of men and women have equality with men, this does not mean that it is used as a barrier between men and women. This research is included in the type of library research, namely understanding the hadiths that discuss women who are active outside the home, especially the hadith that says that women are aurat. When women are outside the home, they should maintain their socialization, maintain their manners, and maintain the clothes they wear so that there is no fitnah which will have a bad impact on women.