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This article explores the meaning of human life through the lens of value, choice, and ultimate purpose. Drawing from the analogy of nature, the study argues that human existence is likewise structured around meaning rather than randomness. Human beings inevitably encounter diverse and sometimes conflicting values, requiring discernment and responsible decision-making. Not all values carry equal weight; their significance depends on their proximity to the ultimate goal of human life understood in its totality. The paper identifies three fundamental attitudes toward life: a pessimistic stance that perceives life as failure, a hedonistic stance that seeks satisfaction and pleasure, and a constructive stance that embraces life as a meaningful vocation. Through a reflective-ethical approach, the discussion highlights the importance of mission, prioritization, empathetic communication, synergy, and continual self-renewal. Ultimately, the quality of human existence is determined by the values one chooses to uphold and the orientation of life toward a higher, integrative purpose.

The purpose of this study is to describe the marketing strategies and adaptability of “cakar bongkar” (second-hand clothing) traders in responding to market dynamics in Nabire City. This study employs a qualitative approach, as it is appropriate for addressing research problems that require an in-depth understanding of the socio-economic realities in Kalibobo Market and Karangtumaritis Market in Nabire City. The data used in this study consist of primary data as the main source and secondary data as supporting and relevant information. Data collection methods are carried out using the triangulation principle, namely through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants are selected using snowball sampling and purposive sampling methods to obtain comprehensive and representative information. Data processing and analysis are conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and systematic conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the informants apply five (5) marketing strategies in selling second-hand clothing (cakar bongkar), namely: (1) sourcing strategies, (2) pricing and promotion strategies, (3) word-of-mouth marketing strategies, (4) strategies for building social relationships with customers, and (5) product display strategies using prototype tables to attract consumer attention.

This article provides a descriptive analysis of the potential for integrating national security values into the Christian education curriculum as a strategic effort to support Indonesia's vision of generating a golden generation by 2045. The research object is the formal Christian education system in Indonesia, encompassing its curriculum, pedagogy, and the overarching goal of character formation. The central problem addressed is the perceived dichotomy between faith-based education and the cultivation of civic responsibility, specifically concerning national security a concept often narrowly associated with the military rather than with social resilience, tolerance, and unity. The objective is to explore how Christian educational values can be systematically aligned with national priorities to produce graduates who are both devout and patriotic. Employing a qualitative descriptive analysis method, this study synthesizes findings from a literature review of Christian education philosophy, national curriculum standards, and policy documents on national security and character education. The main findings reveal a significant convergence between Christian ethical teachings such as love for neighbor, integrity, and peacebuilding and the core values underpinning national security and social harmony, like Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). The synthesis of ideas proposes a conceptual framework where subjects like civic education and religious studies are interwoven to foster a holistic identity. The article concludes that a deliberate integration of national security values, framed as active citizenship and social stewardship, is not only compatible with Christian education but is essential for realizing the resilient, morally grounded human resources needed for Indonesia 2045.

This study investigates the effects of safety leadership and work environment on patient safety culture, with work motivation as an intervening variable among nurses at Hospital X in Jakarta. A quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 111 nurses through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results show that safety leadership and work environment have significant positive impacts on nurses’ work motivation. Additionally, work motivation directly influences patient safety culture. The study also finds that work motivation partially mediates the relationship between safety leadership and patient safety culture, as well as between work environment and patient safety culture. These findings suggest that both leadership practices and environmental conditions affect patient safety culture directly and indirectly by enhancing nurses’ motivation. The study highlights the importance of safety leadership and supportive work environments in promoting a sustainable patient safety culture through improved nurse motivation. From a practical perspective, hospital management should focus on fostering effective safety leadership practices and creating conducive work environments to enhance patient safety culture. This research contributes to the literature on patient safety and management by providing empirical evidence on the role of work motivation in strengthening safety culture in hospitals.

This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by ustadz and ustadzah at Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Islam (PPTI) Al-Falah in maintaining family resilience. The family, as the smallest unit in society, plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ character, morality, and spirituality, particularly for those living in a pesantren environment characterized by intensive religious and educational activities. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews and observations involving married ustadz and ustadzah who reside within the pesantren environment. The results indicate that in building a household, conflicts are inevitable. Due to teaching responsibilities that often extend into the night, miscommunication may occur and potentially lead to domestic issues. Therefore, family resilience among ustadz and ustadzah at PPTI Al-Falah is developed through five main strategies: (1) spiritual strategies, (2) communicative strategies, (3) educational strategies, (4) social and environmental strategies, and (5) economic and time management strategies.

Bureaucratic reform at the village level is a crucial prerequisite for achieving professional, effective, and accountable village governance. One of the key pillars of this reform is the implementation of a merit system in the management of village human resources, particularly in the recruitment and appointment of village officials. In this context, the Computer-Assisted Test (CAT) has emerged as a policy innovation designed to enhance objectivity, transparency, and procedural fairness in the selection of village officials. This study aims to analyse the contribution of CAT implementation to strengthening the merit system and its impact on transforming village social conditions, especially in building public trust in village government. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of village residents and analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression in SPSS. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis to elaborate further and explain the quantitative findings. The results indicate that transparency, objectivity, and procedural fairness in the selection process have positive and significant effects on public trust in village government, with procedural fairness emerging as the most influential variable. Qualitative findings confirm that public acceptance of selection outcomes is more strongly influenced by perceptions of fairness and openness in the process than by the selection results themselves. This study concludes that the implementation of CAT functions not only serves as a technical selection instrument but also as an institutional mechanism that helps transform village social relations from patronage-based practices toward merit-based village governance.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the synergy of humanistic and transformational leadership in building adaptability and digital competence of civil servants in the era of digital transformation. The research uses a narrative literature review approach by analyzing various literature from leading academic databases. The findings indicate that humanistic leadership creates a psychological foundation through empathy, respect for individual dignity, and psychological safety that facilitates civil servants to adapt to change without fear of failure. Meanwhile, transformational leadership acts as a catalyst by providing inspirational vision, intellectual stimulation, and motivation to master digital competencies. The synergy of these two leadership styles creates a holistic development ecosystem: humanistic leadership provides psychological safety to take learning risks, while transformational leadership provides energy and direction for continuous innovation. The theoretical implications of this research enrich the treasury of leadership theory in the context of public bureaucracy by identifying the complementary mechanisms of both leadership styles. Practical implications provide guidance for agency leaders to integrate humanistic values and transformational approaches in HR development programs to prepare civil servants who are resilient, adaptive, and digitally competent in facing the challenges of technological disruption and increasingly complex public service demands in the Society 5.0 era.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence and is a major risk factor for serious complications such as stroke and heart disease. Low public awareness and limited capacity of health workers to provide education and early detection pose challenges in hypertension prevention efforts at the community level. The program “Capacity Building for Health Workers as an Effort to Prevent and Control Hypertension in Mandiangin Timur Village” was implemented by Field Learning Experience (PBL) Group 20 students in August 2025 in Mandiangin Timur Village, Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency. The intervention was carried out through interactive lectures, discussions, and the use of educational media in the form of posters, leaflets, and videos. The targets of the activity consisted of 17 cadres and 30 villagers. Knowledge evaluation using pre-tests and post-tests showed an increase in the average score of cadres from 95.28 to 96.46, while the community increased from 76 to 92.33. Blood pressure checks also showed that most participants were in stage 1–2 hypertension, emphasizing the need for ongoing education. This program proved effective in increasing the capacity of cadres and community knowledge about risk factors, prevention, and management of hypertension. In addition, this activity strengthened the role of cadres as agents of change in ongoing efforts to control hypertension at the village level.

This study aims to analyze the influence of teachers' teaching styles on the formation of student character in the school environment. The study focuses on comparing democratic-humanist and authoritarian teaching styles, and their implications for student character development. The research method used is a qualitative method with a literature review approach, through a systematic analysis of books, scientific articles, and previous research results relevant to the topic of teaching styles and character education. The results and discussion indicate that education is not only oriented towards academic achievement, but also on the formation of moral values, attitudes, and personality of students. Teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, and role models whose behavior and teaching styles greatly influence student character. Democratic and humanist teaching styles have been shown to encourage the growth of self-confidence, courage to express opinions, independence, empathy, and moral integrity in students. Conversely, authoritarian teaching styles tend to instill fear, reduce creativity, weaken self-confidence, and shape students' character under pressure. This study confirms that student character formation is strongly influenced by the quality of teacher-student interactions, the emotional atmosphere in the classroom, role models, and moral communication established by teachers. Therefore, a balance is needed in implementing a firm but humanistic teaching style in order to create a learning environment that is conducive to optimal character formation of students.

The idea of functions in mathematics and how they are used to build different mathematical models are methodically examined in this publication. Functions are basic mathematical constructs that show relationships between two or more variables in explicit equations, tables, or graphs. The fundamental building blocks of mathematics are functions, which enable the representation of variable interdependencies in a variety of formats, including formal mathematical expressions, data tables, and graphs. The classification of function types, such as linear, quadratic, and exponential, and their corresponding uses in the domains of physics, economics, and epidemiology are the main topics of this study, which takes a descriptive and exploratory approach.This article illustrates how knowledge of functions greatly aids processes through a review of the literature and an examination of secondary sources from current textbooks and academic publications. of judgment, forecasting, and analysis. In both academic and professional contexts, mathematical modeling based on functions has demonstrated efficacy in accurately and efficiently representing real-world occurrences. Thus, the significance of incorporating functional thinking into STEM education and multidisciplinary practice is emphasized in this essay.

The phenomenon of the increase in virtual events after the Covid-19 pandemic has encouraged companies to use them as a communication strategy to strengthen their image in the digital era. Ekrutes.Id, as a technology-based recruitment platform, has taken advantage of this momentum by organizing the Ekrutalks virtual event, which is designed to introduce its services and build the image of a company based on a smart system. This research aims to describe the management of the Ekrutalks virtual event organized by Ekrutes.Id and analyze its role in building the company's image. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using Saiddel's interactive model, which includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon being studied. The results of the study indicate that Ekrutalks management runs in accordance with Goldblatt's five stages, namely research, design, planning, coordination, and evaluation. The research stage serves to identify audience needs, while design and planning emphasize creativity in selecting themes, speakers, and digital platforms. Meanwhile, coordination and evaluation are carried out in a structured manner to ensure the sustainability of the event. Through systematic implementation, Ekrutalks is able to build the image of Ekrutes.Id as a professional, adaptive, and technology-based recruitment platform. Thus, virtual events not only serve as a means of communication, but also become an effective strategy in shaping the company's image in the digital era.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

The global environmental crisis requires a development approach that not only focuses on economic aspects but also on ecological sustainability and humanity's moral responsibility toward nature. The perspective of ecotheology views the environment as a trust that must be preserved through spiritual awareness and social practices. This community service aims to internalize the values of ecotheology to strengthen ecological culture and support sustainable village development. The method used is a participatory approach based on community empowerment through three stages: preparation, implementation, and follow-up. The core activities include educating ecotheology values, fish seed distribution, tree planting, and strengthening waste bank management. The results show an increase in ecological awareness among the community, marked by a change in their view of environmental responsibility, the development of eco-friendly habits, and strengthened social solidarity. The integration of spiritual values in ecological practices has proven effective in building a collective culture that supports village sustainability. This program demonstrates that a value-based approach and direct experience can drive a sustainable transformation of ecological behavior.

William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet portrays deep reflections on human nature and moral values, emphasizing the importance of dignity, freedom, and emotional connection in human life. The tragedy explores the conflict between personal feelings and social constraints, revealing how human ideals often clash with rigid traditions and authority. Through the struggles of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare presents the essence of humanity love, empathy, and the pursuit of understanding amid division and hostility. This study aims to analyze the values of humanism in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet. The research focuses on how humanist ideals such as dignity, freedom, solidarity, and communicative rationality are reflected through the characters’ dialogues, decisions, and relationships. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the analysis applies Hardiman’s theory of humanism, supported by references from academic books and journals. The findings reveal six categories of humanism values: appreciating opinions (20%), cooperation (17%), sacrifice (23%), caring for others (13%), helping (13%), and solidarity (14%). Among these, sacrifice appears as the most dominant value, especially reflected in the willingness of Romeo and Juliet to risk everything for love and moral ideals. These findings indicate that Romeo and Juliet embodies humanist values that emphasize empathy, moral responsibility, and the importance of understanding in overcoming social barriers. Although the story ends in tragedy, the play highlights that love, empathy, and dialogue are essential for building a humane society. Therefore, Romeo and Juliet is not only a timeless love story but also a literary work that reflects enduring humanist ideals relevant to modern life.

This community service activity was motivated by the limited capacity of village officials in providing government administration services, particularly in managing correspondence, archiving documents, and implementing standard operating procedures for services. This condition has resulted in the suboptimal quality of public services at the village level. The objective of this activity was to improve the capacity and competence of village officials in providing village government administration services to be more effective, efficient, and accountable. The method used was a participatory approach through the stages of problem identification, joint planning, regulation socialization, technical training, service simulations, and implementation assistance. The subjects of the activity were officials from Kadur Village, North Rupat District, Bengkalis Regency. The results of the activity showed an increase in the officials' understanding and skills in administrative management, the development of a more standardized administrative document format, and a growing collective awareness of the importance of orderly administration as part of good governance. In addition, internal leadership initiatives emerged that encouraged sustainable change within the village government environment. Overall, this activity had a positive impact on improving the quality of village administration services and was the first step towards a more professional transformation of village governance.

This study aims to analyze and design the electrical installation requirements for a prototype residential building with dimensions of 11 × 19 meters. The research applies a technical calculation approach based on lighting standards, air conditioning capacity estimation, load analysis, and electrical protection planning. Lighting requirements were determined using the lumen method by considering room area, illumination standards, coefficient of utilization, and light loss factor. Air conditioning capacity was calculated based on room area and standard cooling load values in BTU/hr. Furthermore, total electrical loads were analyzed to determine installed capacity, nominal current, Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) ratings, and appropriate cable cross-sectional areas with safety factors applied. The results indicate that proper load grouping, appropriate MCB selection, and correct cable sizing significantly enhance system safety and reliability. The study provides a systematic planning model for residential electrical installations that meets safety, efficiency, and technical standards, and can serve as a reference for similar residential building designs.

This study evaluates the implementation of spot-check testing for road preservation works in Manado City, specifically on the Kairagi–Mapanget segment, the Manado City–Wori boundary, and the Liwas Terminal Access Road, to identify existing problems and assess the effectiveness of engineering-based mitigation efforts. The objective is to examine construction quality compliance with technical specifications and identify operational challenges encountered on site. The methodology encompasses the measurement of asphalt layer thickness and density via a core drill, the examination of contract documents, the analysis of laboratory test results, and the execution of field observations. The findings show that most samples meet the required standards, although several locations require corrective action. Challenges arise from weather conditions, heavy traffic, equipment limitations, and the need for adaptation to updated technical regulations. Operational mitigation strategies, staff training, the use of core drill technology, and digital documentation were found to enhance accuracy and efficiency in evaluation. The research demonstrates the value of stakeholder collaboration and capacity building in supporting quality control for road preservation works. A multidimensional approach is effective in resolving technical and operational complexities in urban road projects.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in economic development; however, their competitiveness is often constrained by weak branding and limited digital marketing capabilities. This community engagement program aimed to strengthen brand identity and digital capacity of the “Pukle” catfish cracker MSME in Karangsuwung Village, Cirebon Regency, through an integrated branding and sharia-based digital marketing approach. A participatory–collaborative method was employed, consisting of needs assessment, Workshops, technical mentoring, and monitoring and evaluation. The interventions included the development of brand identity elements (logo, tagline, and visual guidelines), improvement of informative packaging, activation and optimization of WhatsApp Business, and utilization of TikTok Shop as a social commerce channel. In addition, a standard operating procedure for sharia-compliant digital content based on the principles of shiddiq (truthfulness), amanah (trustworthiness), fathanah (competence), and tabligh (communicativeness) was formulated to enhance consumer trust. The results indicate improvements in product professionalism, digital channel management, content consistency, and customer interaction. The integration of branding and sharia digital marketing proved relevant in building differentiation, expanding market access, and strengthening long-term business reputation. The program highlights that MSME digital transformation requires capacity building, continuous mentoring, and ethical value integration to ensure sustainable competitiveness.

In the era of globalization and intensifying market competition, strategic management has become a crucial instrument for organizations to maintain a competitive advantage. This study aims to comprehensively examine the role of strategic management in improving organizational performance based on previous research findings. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach through the collection, evaluation, and synthesis of scientific articles from reputable national and international journals published between 2021 and 2026. The research findings indicate that the stages of strategic management, including strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation, contribute significantly to improving organizational performance in both financial and non-financial aspects. Determinant factors such as strategic leadership, resource mobilization, and organizational culture alignment are proven to strengthen organizational effectiveness in facing environmental uncertainty. Furthermore, strategic management plays a vital role in building organizational resilience to adapt to dynamic external changes. The implications of this study emphasize the importance for managers and organizational leaders to implement strategic management practices consistently and integratedly to ensure long-term survival and success. The results of this literature synthesis provide a theoretical framework for practitioners in optimizing organizational strategic capabilities amidst complex global challenges.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the Heart Sutra within the framework of Humanistic Buddhism, especially for students of Buddhist religious education. The main problem lies in the limited understanding of the relevance of the Heart Sutra to humanistic values ​​in the context of modern life. This study aims to explain the relevance of the Heart Sutra teachings in building applicable spiritual, ethical, and social awareness. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through text analysis and academic literature review. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of translations of the Heart Sutra and secondary sources including journals, books, and scientific articles related to Humanistic Buddhism. The results of the study show that the teachings of sunyata (emptiness) in the Heart Sutra not only have profound philosophical meaning, but also provide practical implications in everyday life. The Heart Sutra is able to strengthen the philosophical foundation of Humanistic Buddhism, foster an attitude of compassion, wisdom, and tolerance, and serve as a relevant ethical guideline in facing the dynamics and challenges of modern society.