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This study aims to analyze the extent of the effect of honey bee pollen supplementation on increasing appetite and body weight in anemic children. The type of research used in this study is an experimental study with a pre- and post-test one-group design. The research sample consisted of 52 anemic fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school students. The average total food intake (Yellow Rice) showed a significant result (P=0.000), increasing from 241.40±94.334 g to 354.94±122.57 g after the final measurement of ad libitum appetite. The average body weight also showed a significant result (P=0.00), with a mean of 23.59±5.29 kg at pre-test and rising to 24.65±5.58 kg at post-test. The Z-Score calculation for weight-for-age based on the WHO NCHS reference showed a non-significant result: P=0.0180 (0.01±0.04) at pre-test and 0.03±0.08 at post-test. Based on the 24-hour recall analysis over two days, a significant result was obtained (P=0.000), with total energy intake of elementary school students increasing from an average of 1,594±420.17 kcal before intervention to 2,070.2±491.77 kcal after two months of intervention. After statistical testing (Paired T-Test), a P-value of 0.00 (<0.05) was obtained. It can be concluded that the administration of honey bee pollen for 8 weeks at a dose of 25 grams per day significantly increased appetite and body weight in anemic elementary school children.

This study aims to describe the strategies of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in increasing the learning participation of low-ability students at SDN 008 Tebing Karimun. Learning participation is an important indicator of learning success, but in reality there is still low student involvement in the learning process. Inhibiting factors come from internal aspects such as low confidence and limited cognitive abilities, as well as external aspects in the form of less varied learning strategies and less supportive classroom environments. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type, involving PAI teachers as the main informants and students as supporting informants. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed with an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn, and tested for validity through triangulation. The results of the study showed that teachers' strategies include active learning, group discussions, individual approaches, and the use of learning media. The obstacles faced include low student confidence, cognitive limitations, and lack of variety of methods. The solutions carried out by teachers are in the form of providing motivation, applying innovative methods, and creating a conducive learning environment. This study concludes that PAI teachers' strategies play an important role in increasing the learning participation of low-ability students through innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning.

This research focuses on the vocational interest and readiness to enter the workforce of students in the Light Automotive Engineering (TKRO) program at SMK Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between students' vocational interest and their readiness to enter the workforce. This type of research is a descriptive study with a correlational approach. The study involved 64 students enrolled in Light Automotive Engineering (TKRO). The sample size taken for this research was 39 students, selected through stratified random sampling using the Taro Yamane formula. Questionnaires that have been declared valid and reliable were utilized to collect data regarding the students' vocational interest and their readiness to enter the workforce. The data analysis was conducted using the Product Moment correlation formula. The results of the data analysis indicate a positive and significant relationship between vocational interest and the readiness to enter the workforce among Light Automotive Engineering (TKRO) students at SMK Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh, with a correlation coefficient of 0.442 (greater than 0.316) and a significance coefficient of 2.9982 (greater than 2.02269) at a 5% significance level.

A Normocytic normochromic anemia is one of the most common types of anemia found in geriatric patients with chronic diseases or acute bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) may cause continuous blood loss resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. This case report discusses a 72-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital with complaints of black stools for four days prior to admission accompanied by epigastric pain, nausea, weakness, and pallor. The patient had a history of long-term use of analgesic and anti-gout medications due to chronic joint pain, which was suspected to be a risk factor for UGIB. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and tachycardia, while laboratory findings showed hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 23.3%, MCV of 82 fL, MCH of 29 pg, and uric acid level of 11.56 mg/dL, leading to the diagnosis of normocytic normochromic anemia caused by UGIB accompanied by gout arthritis. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy, proton pump inhibitors, antifibrinolytic agents, gastroprotective therapy, packed red cell transfusion, and other supportive treatments. During hospitalization, clinical improvement was observed, including cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced epigastric pain, and increased hemoglobin level to 8.6 g/dL. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in geriatric patients with anemia caused by UGIB and comorbid gout arthritis.

This study analyzes the function of deixis in building emotional relationships between characters in the short film "Seutas Kenangan" using a sociopragmatic approach. Besides being a medium for communication, language also functions as a medium for expressing distance, closeness, and social relationships that impact the emotional relationships that occur. Therefore, this study aims to examine how various types of deixis play a role in building emotional relationships between characters. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of dialogues obtained through listening and note-taking techniques. This analysis was conducted by identifying the types of deixis, analyzing sociopragmatic aspects, and then interpreting the emotional relationships created. Based on the results of the study, there are deixis of person, time, place, social, and discourse that are related in representing emotional relationships. The emotional relationships found in this analysis include affection, longing, inner conflict, avoidance, and emotional stress due to prevailing social norms. The relationship between the function of deixis and the sociopragmatic approach shows that the function of deixis is not merely a referent indicator, but can also be a strategy for representing emotional relationships influenced by social and cultural conditions.

Jamu is a traditional Indonesian herbal drink believed to have health benefits and has been preserved to this day. One type, turmeric and tamarind jamu, is known to effectively alleviate menstrual cramps naturally. The workshop on making turmeric and tamarind jamu at Wahidiyah High School in Kediri City on May 17, 2025, aimed to enhance students' knowledge and skills in preparing jamu hygienically. The activity was attended by 15 students from grades 10 and 11, using methods such as lectures, discussions, leaflets, and hands-on practice. Evaluation results showed an average increase in knowledge scores from 76.4% to 97.9%, particularly in terms of cleanliness and storage. This workshop not only educated students about the benefits of jamu but also fostered cultural awareness and entrepreneurial potential. The turmeric and tamarind herbal medicine education program at SMA Wahidiyah successfully improved students' knowledge and skills in preparing herbal medicine hygienically, with significant improvements in hygiene and storage aspects. In addition, this activity is expected to be the first step in introducing herbal medicine as a natural health product that has the potential to be developed further.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic metabolic disorder that frequently affects elderly patients and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. The increasing prevalence of diabetes in the aging population contributes to higher morbidity and mortality, especially when complicated by geriatric syndromes, electrolyte imbalances, and infections such as pneumonia. This study aims to present a case of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an elderly patient with associated geriatric problems, electrolyte disturbances, and pneumonia. The method used is a descriptive case report based on clinical findings, laboratory examinations, and radiological assessment. A 76-year-old male presented with generalized weakness, weight loss, decreased appetite, respiratory symptoms, and functional decline. Physical examination and laboratory findings revealed uncontrolled diabetes, electrolyte imbalance, hypoalbuminemia, and signs of infection. Chest radiography confirmed pneumonia. Management included pharmacological therapy such as antibiotics, fluid and electrolyte correction, and supportive care, along with non-pharmacological interventions including dietary regulation and monitoring. The findings highlight the complexity of managing elderly patients with multiple comorbid conditions, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Early detection and appropriate management are essential to improve clinical outcomes and prevent further complications in geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

This practice is essentially based on clauses in employment contracts intended to prevent employees from resigning before the contract term expires. However, from a legal perspective, this practice raises challenges regarding the validity of employment contracts and the legal protections afforded to employees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the diploma retention practice through the lens of labor law and civil law, as well as to explore the types of legal protections that may be available to employees. The research methodology employed is a normative legal approach, utilizing a legal and conceptual framework, and supported by a literature review of primary and secondary legal sources. This analysis emphasizes the principles of contract law, labor protection principles, and relevant human rights standards. The research findings indicate that the practice of withholding diplomas lacks a clear legal basis under Indonesian law and potentially violates the criteria for the validity of contracts, particularly regarding the abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). Furthermore, this practice can be categorized as an illegal act because it infringes upon workers’ property rights and their freedom to seek employment. Legal protection for workers can be facilitated through preventive strategies, such as strengthening labor regulations and oversight, as well as through enforcement actions, including civil litigation and the resolution of industrial disputes.

This study analyzes the function of deixis in building emotional relationships between characters in the short film "Seutas Kenangan" using a sociopragmatic approach. Besides being a medium for communication, language also functions as a medium for expressing distance, closeness, and social relationships that impact the emotional relationships that occur. Therefore, this study aims to examine how various types of deixis play a role in building emotional relationships between characters. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of dialogues obtained through listening and note-taking techniques. This analysis was conducted by identifying the types of deixis, analyzing sociopragmatic aspects, and then interpreting the emotional relationships created. Based on the results of the study, there are deixis of person, time, place, social, and discourse that are related in representing emotional relationships. The emotional relationships found in this analysis include affection, longing, inner conflict, avoidance, and emotional stress due to prevailing social norms. The relationship between the function of deixis and the sociopragmatic approach shows that the function of deixis is not merely a referent indicator, but can also be a strategy for representing emotional relationships influenced by social and cultural conditions.

Bacterial infections are diseases that can be transmitted by bacteria from sufferers to others, either directly or indirectly. Cases of bacterial infections are more common among children. The use of antibiotics is needed to treat life-threatening conditions caused by bacteria by killing bacteria or making it difficult for bacteria to grow and reproduce. Antibiotics are a type of drug given to prevent bacterial infections, or are drugs given to high-risk patients. This research method is a descriptive study by collecting medical record data to find out the description of bacterial infections and the use of antibiotics in pediatric inpatients at RSU Cut Meutia Aceh Utara in 2022. This research technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 183 samples. The results of this study showed that 183 children suffered from bacterial infections and received injection antibiotic therapy, the majority were boys, namely 106 children (57%), the age group with the most number of sufferers, namely aged 0‒5 years, totaling 76 children (41%), the percentage of bacterial infections most commonly found in pediatric inpatient wards at RSU Cut Meutia Aceh Utara in 2022, namely typhoid fever as much as 33%, the class of antibiotics most commonly used at RSU Cut Meutia is cephalosporins (93%).

This literature study aims to analyze the strategies of local cosmetic brands in providing product variants for different skin types, setting affordable prices for the teenage segment, and minimizing side effect risks to increase purchase intention among beginner users. The method used is qualitative library research with a thematic synthesis approach following systematic literature review procedures. The results indicate that complete product variants enable beginner users to find products suitable for their skin conditions, reducing confusion and increasing confidence. Affordable prices are crucial for the teenage segment with limited budgets, allowing them to try products without excessive financial burden. Minimizing side effect risks through safe formulations, dermatological testing, ingredient transparency, and usage education builds a sense of security essential for beginner users. These three strategies are interconnected and collectively create a foundation of trust that drives purchase intention. Beginner users who feel their needs are understood, products are affordable, and risks are minimal will be more motivated to purchase and have the potential to become long-term loyal customers. This study contributes theoretically to enriching cosmetic marketing literature with a teenage and beginner user segmentation perspective and practically provides foundations for local brands in designing products, pricing strategies, and safety communications targeting this segment.

Middle order thinking skills (MOTS) questions are very important in Christian religious education learning. Evaluation of Christian religious education learning needs to be carried out by educators (teachers) based on each learning material so that students' academic achievement can be achieved well. In general, educators (teachers) do not fully understand the concept of middle order thinking skills (MOTS), as well as low order skills (LOTS) and high order skills (HOTS), so that some students find it difficult to answer questions given by educators (teachers) during learning evaluations. The type of research used is qualitative research with a literature review/literature study approach. The purpose of the study is to explain the understanding of the meaning of MOTS in Christian religious education learning on materials that are in accordance with learning objectives, so that students' academic achievement can be achieved well through learning evaluations. The results of the study are students are able to answer questions well from the middle order thinking skills (MOTS) type of questions when educators (teachers) create learning evaluation questions based on learning materials. Conclusion; To create evaluation questions for Christian religious education learning that students can answer and achieve academic success, ideally, questions should be based on the learning material they have learned.

The financial performance of MSMEs is the result of a business's success in sustaining itself thru financial management. This research aims to provide information on the impact of financial literacy, payment gateways, and financial inclusion on the financial performance of MSMEs. This investigative activity involves two types of variables: independent variables consisting of financial literacy, payment gateways, and financial inclusion, while the financial performance of MSMEs is the dependent variable. Food and beverage MSMEs under the auspices of Rumah BUMN are the study population, totaling 337. The method for determining the sample size was determined using Slovin's formula, and sampling was conducted using specific criteria, resulting in a sample size of 77 respondents. The data analysis technique involves multiple linear regression analysis. This research activity found that each of the variables used, namely financial literacy, payment gateway, and financial inclusion, has a significant positive impact on the financial performance of MSMEs. The coefficient of determination shows that 91.3% of the variables of financial literacy, payment gateway, and financial inclusion are able to explain the financial performance variable of MSMEs.

Indonesia, as a tropical country, is exposed to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, increasing the risk of skin damage. Sunscreen is widely used as a protective measure indicated by the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of active ingredient variations on SPF values and other influencing factors. A literature review with a descriptive-comparative approach was conducted using research articles published between 2021 and 2026 from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. A total of seven eligible articles were analyzed. The results showed that the type of active ingredients, concentration, combination of ingredients, and dosage form significantly influence SPF values. Natural ingredients generally produce low to moderate SPF values, while combinations of active ingredients result in significantly higher SPF due to synergistic effects. Increasing the concentration of active ingredients also leads to higher SPF values. Additionally, dosage forms such as creams, serums, sunscreen powder and foundations affect sunscreen effectiveness through their film-forming ability on the skin. In conclusion, the combination of active ingredients and higher concentrations provides more optimal protection against UV radiation.

Baros District has the potential for creative economy-based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) products that need to be strengthened, including products from the agricultural, livestock, crafts, food, and various other types of trade sectors. This study aims to analyze and assess the steps for developing creative economy-based MSMEs in Baros District, located in Serang Regency, Banten. The method applied is a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, document collection, and using a SWOT Matrix analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges faced in developing creative economy-based MSMEs in Baros District, Serang Regency, Banten. Data sources used include the Head of Baros District, local village heads, academics, MSME actors, employees from the Serang Regency MSME Office, and MSME observers. This study lasted for one year. The appropriate strategy for developing MSMEs in Baros District is the SO (Growth) strategy, which utilizes existing strengths to increase competitiveness. The research revealed that MSMEs operating in the creative economy sector in Baros District still face various challenges in developing their businesses, such as limited capital, the use of simple production equipment, suboptimal marketing, a shortage of skilled labor, and limited use of technology and copyright registration for their products.

This review article evaluates the physical characteristics and stability of Oil in Water (O/W) and Water in Oil (W/O) creams through a comparative literature study published between 2021 and 2026. The evaluation focuses on important parameters, including viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and accelerated stability testing. The findings reveal that O/W creams generally have lower viscosity and greater spreadability, making them more suitable for daily cosmetic and therapeutic applications due to their lighter texture and better aesthetic acceptance. In contrast, W/O creams demonstrate higher physical stability, stronger adhesion, and superior occlusive properties, which are beneficial for protecting sensitive active ingredients and maintaining skin hydration over longer periods. The differences in performance are strongly influenced by the optimization of emulsifier Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) values and the ratio between oil and water phases. Both cream types show good biocompatibility with skin pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.5, indicating their safety and effectiveness for topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

In the digital era, teachers are required to be creative in integrating technology with learning to make the learning process more engaging and effective. This study explores how the Wordwall application can bridge the gap between Islamic Religious Education (PAI) material, which is rich in moral values, and Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK), which emphasizes the importance of physical health. This application provides interactive games that allow students to learn while playing, so that they not only understand religious teachings and physical skills but also experience a fun learning experience. Through various types of games such as puzzles and quizzes, students can more easily remember the lesson material and apply that knowledge in their daily lives. In addition, the use of Wordwall encourages active student participation in each learning session. This strengthens their engagement in the learning process and increases motivation to learn. The research findings show that Wordwall can transform the classroom atmosphere to be more lively, interactive, and collaborative, creating an environment that supports active and enjoyable learning for students.

PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (Telkom) is a company that is part of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and operates specifically in the field of information technology, communication, and digital telecommunications services in Indonesia. For that reason, financial statement analysis is needed as a source of information about the company's financial condition. Based on the financial reports of PT Telekomunikasi Tbk for the period from 2019 to 2023, there has been a fluctuating increase despite Indonesia being hit by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to 2021. The type of research is quantitative descriptive research with data sourced from the financial reports of PT Telekomunikasi Tbk as of December 31 from 2019 to 2023. The first result, the assessment of the financial performance of PT Telekomunikasi Tbk based on liquidity ratio analysis using the current ratio, shows that the current ratio from 2019 to 2023 has experienced fluctuating conditions but remains in the very good category, above the industry's minimum standard of 200%. Secondly, the results of the solvency ratio analysis using the Debt to Asset ratio (DAR) indicate that the DAR value from 2019 to 2023 is in the very good category, with a value below the industry's maximum standard of 35%. Thirdly, the analysis of profitability ratios using the Return on Equity (ROE) ratio reveals that the ROE value from 2019 to 2023 has experienced fluctuating conditions but remains above the industry standard of 40%.

Many marriages occur when a person is not old enough. Therefore, under Islamic law and Indonesian law the restriction of marriage age is a ijtihad stipulation. In this study we will discuss the boundaries of marriage age in a perspective on Islamic law and law in Indonesia. This type of study is literature research. From this study, the restriction on the marriage age of men and women is equivalent to 19 years old. To define marriage age, methodologs are based on mashlahah methods, thus not contradicting Nash and there is no specific Nash to be referenced for qiyas. The concept of mashlahah muris used to address the question of inclarity of marriage age. Maslahah murexplains that taking on a certain locality may be held asa metaphor for bataa marriage, although there is no detailed explanation in the Nash qur 'an. The so called conformity that is intended is an age limit for marriage established in Islamic law.