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This research is motivated by the low speaking ability of elementary school students which is characterized by a lack of confidence, difficulty in expressing opinions in a coherent manner, and the lack of students' ability to express information clearly in learning Indonesian. These problems show that the learning that takes place has not fully provided opportunities for students to actively practice speaking skills. This research aims to Develop a booklet  based on Student Worksheets (LKPD) on interview text materials to support the speaking skills of grade IV elementary school students. The method used is research and Development with a 4D model which includes the define, design, and Develop stages. At the Development stage, the product is validated by media experts and subject matter experts to assess the feasibility level of the LKPD booklet  Developed. The results of the study showed that the LKPD booklet  obtained a feasibility percentage of 91.17% in the media aspect and 90.32% in the material aspect with a very feasible category. These results show that the LKPD booklet  Developed has met the eligibility criteria both in terms of appearance and content as teaching materials for learning Indonesian language in elementary schools. However, this research is still limited to the product validation stage, so further research is needed through field trials to determine the effectiveness of LKPD booklet s in improving students' speaking skills in more depth.

The selection process for accepting new employees is one of the important stages in a company to ensure that the candidates accepted have qualifications that suit the company's needs. At WINMART, the selection process is still carried out manually, so it is less efficient and prone to errors. Therefore, a system is needed that can assist in more objective and efficient decision making. This Decision Support System (DSS) is designed to assist the selection process for recruiting new employees using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, which can assess several relevant criteria, such as work experience, education, skills and competency tests. This system was built on a web basis, so it can be easily accessed by parties involved in the selection process, such as HRD and managers. The SAW method was chosen because of its ability to convert various subjective criteria into more objective numerical scores, so that selection results can be more transparent and accountable. By using this system, it is hoped that it can increase efficiency, accuracy and transparency in the new employee selection process at WINMART, as well as facilitate decision making in selecting candidates who best suit the desired criteria.

The subject of corpse care is one of the important competencies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the senior high school level, which is obligatory (fardhu kifayah). However, the complexity of the material and the presence of psychological barriers often make students less interested or feel afraid. This study aims to analyze in-depth the perceptions of SMA YATPI Godong students regarding the importance of corpse care, the factors that influence these perceptions, and the urgency of this competency as a provision for social life. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach supported by simple quantitative data percentages. The subjects were 35 grade XI students, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through participant observation, questionnaire distribution, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis followed an interactive model that includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the majority of students (82.8%) had a very positive perception of the urgency of this material and were aware of its socio-cultural responsibility. The main factors influencing students' perceptions included the demonstration method using mannequins implemented by teachers, internal religiosity values, and the encouragement of societal expectations. These skills are considered essential not only for fulfilling academic obligations but also as a form of student readiness to engage and contribute significantly to their social environment in the event of grief.

This study aims to analyze the role and variation of test instruments in measuring students’ cognitive domain in the learning evaluation process. Using a literature review method, this study examines various scientific sources related to educational evaluation and cognitive assessment. The findings indicate that the cognitive domain includes thinking skills ranging from lower-order thinking skills (C1: Remembering, C2: Understanding) to higher-order thinking skills (C3: Applying, C4: Analyzing, C5: Evaluating, and C6: Creating) based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. Test instruments such as multiple-choice, essay, true-false, matching, and oral tests possess different characteristics, advantages, and limitations for assessing specific cognitive levels. Objective tests are considered effective for measuring lower-order thinking skills because they offer high reliability and objectivity, whereas essay tests are more appropriate for assessing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). In addition, the quality of test instruments is influenced by validity, reliability, objectivity, difficulty level, and discrimination index. Therefore, the appropriate and varied use of test instruments is essential to obtain comprehensive and accurate measurements of students’ cognitive abilities and to support effective learning evaluation and instructional decision-making processes.

Multicultural competence refers to an individual's capacity to navigate and value the diversity within their environment. This skill is essential for all strata of Indonesian society, given Indonesia's diversity in ethnicities, cultures, languages, and faiths. Teachers occupy a pivotal role in fostering multicultural competency within society, as they engage directly with pupils on a regular basis. Teacher intercultural competency has three primary dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Multicultural knowledge can be acquired through multiple avenues, including formal education, specialised training, or firsthand experience with varied populations. Multicultural education seeks to equip students with an awareness of the complexities of variety in society, enabling them to coexist amicably. The fundamental principles of multicultural education encompass equality, democracy, pluralism, and tolerance. Educators, as pivotal participants in the educational process, are anticipated to comprehend multicultural values conceptually and to incorporate them into everyday instructional activities. Consequently, the multicultural competency of educators may cultivate students who are not only academically proficient but also possess an inclusive mindset, value diversity, and are prepared to engage in a pluralistic society.

Strengthening literacy in secondary education is essential in responding to the demands of 21st-century learning. Teachers play a crucial role in integrating literacy into classroom practices; however, their understanding and skills in implementing literacy-based learning are often still limited. This community service program aims to enhance teachers’ competencies in developing literacy-based instruction at State Senior High School 5 Purworejo through a participatory and sustainable training and mentoring approach. The program involved 30 teachers and was conducted in three stages: preparation and planning, implementation, and mentoring and evaluation. The results show a significant improvement in teachers’ understanding of literacy, with the average score increasing from 62.4 to 84.7. A total of 87% of teachers were able to design literacy-based lesson plans effectively, while 73% successfully implemented them in classroom practice. Positive impacts were also observed among students, who became more active in discussions and more confident in expressing their ideas. Qualitatively, the program revealed a shift in teachers’ perspectives, where literacy is no longer seen as an additional activity but as an integral part of meaningful learning that fosters critical and reflective thinking. Overall, this program not only improved teachers’ technical competencies but also strengthened their professional awareness in creating more meaningful learning experiences. The mentoring process played a key role in supporting this transformation by providing a reflective and supportive space for continuous learning and growth.

this study aims to evaluate the impact of capacity building for village officials in Anjir Seberang Pasar I Village on the effectiveness of village administrative and financial management following the implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014. The primary focus of the study is to measure changes in the competencies of village officials before and after the implementation of technical guidance, as well as the use of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application and Internet Banking Business. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, in which data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and the completion of pre-test and post-test questionnaires by respondents consisting of the Village Secretary, Kaur, and Kasi. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in three key variables: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using. Quantitatively, the average validation score from respondents reached 4.53 (on a 5.0 scale), which falls into the “Agree” category regarding the system’s effectiveness. Based on data analysis, the success rate of capacity building for village officials was recorded at 29.23%, with a final understanding rate reaching 91.33%. These findings indicate that practice-oriented and participatory training is capable of improving the technical skills and accountability of village officials in managing digital-based government administration. The integration of Siskeudes and digital banking has proven to have a positive impact on a safer and more transparent payroll system at the village level.

This research is motivated by the low skills of students in writing speech texts, especially in the aspects of structure, idea development, and language use. This study aims to describe the application of infographic media, analyze the differences in writing abilities between the experimental and control classes, and determine student responses. The study used a quantitative approach with an experimental design at SMP Negeri 55 Surabaya. The research sample consisted of class VIII B as the experiment and VIII A as the control. Data collection techniques included observation, pretest and posttest tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test. The results showed that the application of infographic media ran very well. There was a significant difference in the ability to write speech texts between the two classes, with an average posttest score of 78.2 for the experimental class and 69.5 for the control class (sig. 0.000 <0.05). Student responses were also in the very good category. Thus, infographic media is effective in improving students' speech writing skills.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of students’ social relationships using sociometric techniques within the context of guidance and counseling services. Social relationships are an essential aspect of individual development, particularly for guidance and counseling students who are expected to possess strong interpersonal skills as future counselors. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a sociometric questionnaire covering aspects of collaborative learning, group work, understanding difficult materials, and emotional support. The participants consisted of 21 students from the Guidance and Counseling study program, selected using a total sampling technique. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution of peer selection and presented in the form of a sociometric matrix and sociogram to facilitate the interpretation of social interaction patterns within the group. The findings revealed that social relationships were not evenly distributed but tended to be concentrated on certain individuals. Some students demonstrated high levels of selection, indicating their role as central figures in both academic and emotional interactions, while others showed low levels of selection, suggesting potential social isolation. These findings indicate that group dynamics are influenced by social skills, academic competence, and individual empathy. Therefore, guidance and counseling services play a crucial role in improving the quality of students’ social interactions through appropriate interventions, such as group guidance and social skills training. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for developing more effective and inclusive guidance and counseling services.

This community service program aims to increase the digitalization capacity of the "Ali Serba Alat" MSME by strengthening Branding and Online marketing aspects. The main problems faced by partners include weak brand identity, limited use of digital media, and suboptimal Online platform-based marketing strategies. The activity implementation method uses a participatory approach with the stages of problem identification, program planning, training, mentoring, and evaluation. Activities carried out include creating a digital store presence in the form of a Google Map, logo and visual identity of the business, optimizing social media and marketplace accounts, compiling digital promotional content, and training in digital-based marketing strategies. The results of the activity show an increase in partners' understanding of the importance of Branding, improved skills in managing digital media, and increased business visibility on Online platforms. In addition, there was an increase in consumer interaction and sales potential after the implementation of the digital marketing strategy. This program is expected to become a model for sustainable mentoring in supporting the digital transformation of MSMEs to increase competitiveness in the digital economy era.

Accounting students’ job readiness is a crucial issue in facing the demands of an increasingly digitalized professional world. This study evaluates the role of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) use, accounting competencies, and digital literacy in shaping student job readiness. A quantitative approach using survey method was applied to 153 accounting students at private universities in Surakarta City who had taken courses related to Accounting Information Systems. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The study findings indicate that these three variables significantly contribute to job readiness. Individually and collectively, mastery of technical competencies and digital skills is positively correlated with increased student readiness to enter the workforce. This underscores the importance of integrating accounting skills and technological literacy into yhe learning process. This study was limited to accounting students at privet universities in Surakarta City, so the results cannot be broadly generalized to the entire accounting student population

This study aims to analyze reflection and citizenship discussion as strategies to strengthen democratic awareness and student participation in Civic Education learning. The background of this research is the prevalence of traditional, teacher-centered teaching strategies, which hinder student engagement and understanding of democratic principles. This study combines library research with a qualitative approach. Data on citizenship education, democracy education, reflections, and discussions were collected from various sources, including books, papers, scientific journals, and related documents. The results show that reflection can improve students’ awareness of democratic values, responsibility, tolerance, and the importance of deliberation. Meanwhile, citizenship discussion effectively increases active student participation, argumentation skills, cooperation, and confidence in expressing opinions. The integration of reflection and discussion creates Civic Education learning that is more interactive, critical, and meaningful. The main obstacles include limited learning time, low teacher readiness, and passive student learning culture. Therefore, learning innovation that encourages active student involvement is needed. This study concludes that reflection and citizenship discussion are effective strategies to develop young generations who are democratic, responsible, and participative in national and civic life

Legal aid services play a crucial role in ensuring access to justice for the community, particularly for vulnerable groups and underprivileged communities in villages and sub-districts. However, limited legal knowledge and the lack of legal assistance in rural areas often lead to various legal issues being unresolved effectively. This community service activity was carried out with the aim of improving the capacity of village/sub-district officials and the community through paralegal training at Legal Aid Posts (Posbakum) in North Sumatra. The activity method was carried out using a participatory approach through legal counseling, paralegal skills training, simple case handling simulations, and interactive discussions. The results showed that the training was able to improve participants' understanding of basic legal knowledge, mediation techniques, out-of-court dispute resolution, and procedures for providing legal aid to underprivileged communities. In addition, this activity also helped increase public legal awareness and strengthen the existence of village/sub-district Posbakum as a community-based legal service medium. Therefore, paralegal training is one of the strategic efforts to expand access to justice in North Sumatra.

He rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed human life, particularly in the way information is accessed, processed, and distributed. While this development brings numerous benefits, it also generates serious challenges such as information overload, misinformation, and the decline of critical thinking skills among digital users. This study aims to examine the relevance of the philosophical thought of Al-Kindi on intellect (aql) and knowledge in addressing these contemporary issues within the digital era. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research, analyzing classical philosophical texts and contemporary scholarly works related to epistemology and digital literacy. The findings show that Al-Kindi positions intellect as the primary faculty of human beings in understanding truth and organizing knowledge systematically and rationally. According to Al-Kindi, knowledge must be grounded in logical reasoning to achieve certainty and clarity. In the context of the digital era, this perspective is highly relevant as individuals are required to critically evaluate vast and unfiltered information circulating in digital spaces. This study concludes that Al-Kindi’s rational philosophy provides a strong intellectual foundation for developing digital literacy, strengthening critical thinking skills, and promoting responsible engagement with technology in modern society.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of group guidance services in developing alpha girl characteristics among senior high school (SMA) female students. The method used is a literature review by examining various relevant sources, including books and scientific journals published within the last five years. The findings indicate that group guidance plays a significant role in shaping alpha girl characteristics through social interaction, group dynamics, communication skills, and participatory learning experiences. Through the stages of formation, transition, core activities, and termination, students gradually experience improvements in self-confidence, independence, leadership ability, and the courage to express themselves in social settings. This developmental process does not occur instantly but emerges through repeated experiences supported by a conducive group environment, effective facilitation from counselors, and continuous self-reflection. In addition, peer feedback within the group contributes to strengthening personal awareness and emotional maturity. Therefore, group guidance services can serve as an effective and systematic strategy in supporting the development of alpha girl characteristics among senior high school female students.

The increasing spread of HIV/AIDS in Jayapura City requires immediate and sustainable preventive efforts, particularly through reproductive health education for adolescents. This program aimed to improve adolescents’ understanding of reproductive health, puberty changes, and behaviors that may increase the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission. The activity was conducted for adolescents participating in Sunday School at GKKD Buper Waena, aged between 10 and 15 years. The program was carried out in April 2025 through counseling sessions, question-and-answer activities, and focus group discussions. These approaches were chosen to provide participants with an interactive learning experience while also creating opportunities for them to share their personal experiences and perspectives related to reproductive health. A total of fifty adolescents participated enthusiastically in the activity. During the sessions, participants asked various questions that were answered directly by the speakers to clarify their understanding of reproductive health and risky behaviors. In addition, six focus group discussions were conducted to discuss participants’ personal experiences regarding puberty, friendships, dating, and behaviors such as kissing. The results of the activity indicate that reproductive health education can improve adolescents’ knowledge, awareness, and skills in maintaining personal health and avoiding behaviors that may increase the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission.

This study aims to analyze student time management and its relationship to academic productivity among students in the Economics Education Study Program, Jambi University, class of 2023. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with a number of students selected purposively. The results showed that most students were unable to manage their time optimally, as reflected in the habit of procrastinating on assignments, a lack of structured planning, and an imbalance between academic and non-academic activities. Many students tended to work on assignments only close to the deadline and found it difficult to maintain a consistent schedule. Conversely, students who had a more structured time plan, such as compiling daily to-do lists and setting priorities, demonstrated better academic productivity. They were able to complete assignments on time, produce better quality work, and were more active in the learning process and class discussions. This study confirms that effective time management plays a crucial role in improving student academic productivity, both in terms of the quality of work results and the timeliness of assignment completion. Therefore, more intensive efforts are needed to increase students' awareness and skills in time management, so they can achieve optimal learning outcomes, reduce stress levels, and face academic demands more efficiently. In this context, developing good time management strategies is essential to help students maximize their academic potential.

This study aims to examine the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning to write scientific papers and its impact on the level of originality of students in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program (PBSI) Semester VI at Bina Bangsa University. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, which was conducted through reference searches and interviews with 30 of the total 35 students. The results of the study indicate that AI is utilized functionally as an aid in the writing process, such as compiling outlines, paraphrasing, developing ideas, and reviewing writing. Based on the interview results, the use of AI platforms is dominated by Chat GPT at 50%, followed by Perplexity at 27%, and Gemini.ai at 23%. These findings indicate that students do not rely on a single platform, but rather utilize various technologies adaptively according to their needs. In terms of discussion, the use of AI has a positive impact in the form of improved writing quality, time efficiency, development of creative ideas, increased digital literacy, and the provision of instant feedback. However, there are also challenges that arise, such as the potential for decreased originality, dependence on AI, the risk of violating academic ethics, information bias, and data privacy issues. Therefore, AI should be used as a tool, not a substitute for students' critical thinking skills. This research emphasizes the importance of using AI wisely, critically, and responsibly so that students can produce original, high-quality, and integrated scientific work in the digital age.

The development of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) has increased youth interaction in cyberspace, while also elevating the risk of digital crimes, both as perpetrators and victims. This community service program AIms to strengthen legal awareness and AI-based self-protection skills among students of SMKN 1 Kaligondang, \Purbalingga Regency. The implementation methods include interactive workshops, digital security trAIning, case simulations, and the use of a mini AI assistant as a preventive educational tool. Evaluation was conducted through pre-test and post-test assessments, participatory observation, and participant reflection. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of digital law, particularly regarding the provisions of the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions and its relevance to the Indonesian Criminal Code. In addition, participants’ technical skills in securing digital accounts, identifying phishing attempts, and responding to cyber risks have also improved. The use of AI has proven to enhance participation and contextual understanding. Overall, the program is effective in fostering legal awareness, improving digital protection capabilities, and shaping responsible behavior in cyberspace.