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Cancer remains a major challenge in modern medicine due to drug resistance and the adverse effects of conventional therapies, making it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Continuous scientific efforts aim to discover safer and more effective treatments. Owing to their structural diversity, strong bioactivity, and relatively low toxicity, natural compounds show great promise as sources of anticancer drug candidates. This article aims to explore the role of medicinal chemistry in investigating, modifying, and optimizing natural bioactive compounds to develop more effective, selective, and stable anticancer agents with improved bioavailability. A narrative review was conducted using scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025 from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The findings indicate that eugenol, berberine, hesperidin, piperine, and quercetin exhibit anticancer activities through apoptosis induction, inhibition of proliferation, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Modern medicinal chemistry relies on understanding structure–activity relationships (SAR), chemical modification, and nanoparticle formulation to enhance biological performance. In addition, in silico techniques such as molecular docking and QSAR analysis are applied to study ligands and receptors and predict bioavailability improvements. The development of natural products as rational, effective, and safe anticancer drug candidates is strengthened by integrating experimental, computational, and pharmaceutical approaches.

This research analyses the challenges to service innovation in civil registration, specifically the issuance of birth certificates at the Sidoarjo Regency Department of Population and Civil Registration, within the context of governmental digital transformation. Employing a qualitative approach via in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, the study identifies various obstacles encountered in the process of public service digitisation. The findings indicate that the principal challenges include: (1) resistance to change from both civil servants and the public regarding the digital system; (2) limitations in information technology infrastructure and internet connectivity in rural areas; (3) the digital literacy gap between urban and rural community groups; (4) the complexity of coordination among government agencies within the integrated system; and (5) budgetary constraints for continuous system maintenance and development. The study also found that despite various innovations such as online services, mobile apps, and digital queuing systems, their implementation still faces significant technical and non-technical impediments. These findings contribute to the literature on public sector innovation by revealing the dynamics of e-government implementation at the regency/city level, and offer strategic recommendations for policymakers on optimising the digital transformation of civil registration services. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis, which integrates technological, organisational, and social perspectives within the context of local government in Indonesia post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Digital transformation in public services is an absolute necessity in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, including in local government personnel management. This research analyses the digital transformation of civil servants’ (ASN) promotion services through the implementation of the Promotion Management System (SIPEKAT) at the Regional Personnel Agency of Sidoarjo Regency. Employing a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study, this research explores the transformation process from a manual to a digital system, the implementation challenges, and its impact on service effectiveness and efficiency. The results indicate that the digital transformation via SIPEKAT successfully increased processing time efficiency by up to 60%, reduced the use of physical documents by up to 85%, and improved the transparency and accountability of the services. However, challenges were found, including a digital competence gap among employees, limitations in technological infrastructure in several Regional Government Work Units, and resistance to change from some stakeholders. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the digital transformation ecosystem of personnel services, integrating technological, organisational, and user behaviour perspectives, whilst producing an e-government implementation model for personnel services that can be adopted by other local.

The global environmental crisis is increasingly alarming, with deforestation and resource exploitation severely impacting ecosystems and local communities. In Indonesia, Flores Island has become a strategic site for geothermal projects, including the planned drilling in Poco Leok, Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. This project has provoked strong resistance from local communities due to ecological threats such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and water scarcity, all of which exacerbate social vulnerability, particularly among women. This study employs a qualitative literature-based analysis using Taoist philosophy as an interpretive framework. The principles of Yin–Yang, Wu Wei, and Ziran are applied as reflective lenses to identify the root of the crisis: the imbalance in human–nature relations caused by exploitative and dominant development models. The findings demonstrate that economy-driven development undermines ecological harmony and local wisdom, thereby deepening social hardship. In contrast, Taoist philosophy offers an alternative paradigm that emphasizes balance, harmony, and respect for the natural order. Addressing the Poco Leok conflict therefore requires not only a reassessment of policy but also a paradigm shift in development toward ecological justice and inclusive, sustainable well-being.

This research analyzes the strategic role of the Non-Governmental Intermediary (NGI) in bridging farmers and the government to accelerate the implementation of Agrarian Reform (RA) in Indonesia. Sharp agrarian inequality, driven by colonial legacy, land control by corporations/elites, and slow RA due to bureaucratic complexity, overlapping authorities, and information gaps, creates an urgent need for new collaboration mechanisms. NGIs fill this void by performing a multidimensional role: Dialogue Facilitator to reduce information asymmetry; Technical Assistant through Participatory Mapping and valid administrative document preparation; Community-Based Agrarian Conflict Mediator; Independent Monitor for accountability; and Policy Advocate. A New Institutional Model based on Hybrid Governance is proposed, formally integrating the state, NGIs, and farming communities, supported by Technological Integration for transparent participatory spatial data. This model must be realized through Institutionalized Partnership (MoU/Presidential Regulation) to ensure legitimacy and sustainability. Key challenges include bureaucratic resistance, NGO stigma, and local elite conflicts of interest, but strengthening the NGI role presents opportunities through enhanced public accountability and technical innovation. In conclusion, the successful acceleration of RA hinges on the formal legal recognition and capacity building of NGIs as official actors within the RA institutional framework.

The issue of global food security is increasingly pressing amidst climate change, population growth, and environmental degradation. The agricultural sector, particularly rice production, faces threats from pests and diseases that reduce crop yields and farmer incomes. Climate change exacerbates pest attack patterns, increasing crop losses. In addition, excessive use of chemical pesticides leads to pest resistance and negative impacts on ecosystems and human health. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, and the study population included farmers who cultivate rice fields and farmer groups that have received Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Makale District, Tana Toraja Regency, with a population of 325 families. Respondents were randomly selected at 15% of the total population, with a sample of 49 farmers consisting of three farmer groups. The results showed that the role of farmer groups in IPM implementation in Makale District includes extension and training (65.5%), facilitating access to information and resources (69%), decision-making (67.5%), and conflict management and IPM cooperation (66.5%). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of the rice farming system, with support from the Government and the Tana Toraja Regency Agriculture Service to optimize the development of rice farming businesses.

The implementation of the core tax administration sistem (Core Tax Administration Sistem or Coretax) in early 2025, which was expected to modernise tax services, instead sparked a wave of public criticism due to various fatal technical obstacles. The dysfunction of this sistem not only hampered administration but also gave rise to discourse on distrust of state budget management. This study aims to analyse in depth how the failure to implement Coretax has eroded public trust and damaged the fiscal social contract between taxpayers and the state. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective based on Norman Fairclough's model. Data was collected through netnography from public comments and interactions on social media, then analysed through three dimensions: text (micro), discourse practice (meso), and social practice (macro). The findings show that public discourse is not merely technical complaints, but a form of symbolic resistance. At the micro level, sistem dysfunction is interpreted as evidence of incompetence and alleged budget irregularities. At the meso level, the public mobilises collective memory related to past government project failures to validate their distrust. At the macro level, this signifies a violation of the principle of reciprocity, whereby the state is perceived as demanding tax compliance without providing adequate services, thereby triggering a crisis of legitimacy. The implications of this study emphasise that digital transformation of the public sector requires transparency and accountability; failure to respond to this crisis has the potential to significantly reduce voluntary tax compliance.

Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant availability of palm fiber composite, yet its application in advanced material technology remains limited. On the other hand, most motorcycle helmets available in the market are made from ABS plastic, which has limitations in impact energy absorption and may increase the risk of head injuries during accidents. This study aims to develop helmet composites based on palm fiber and epoxy resin by varying the fiber volume fractions (15%, 25%, and 35%) and alkali soaking durations (75, 150, 225, and 300 minutes). The impact strength test results showed that the combination of 35% fiber volume and 225-minute alkali soaking produced the highest specific impact energy (SIP) of 0.142 J/mm². As a comparison, SNI-compliant helmets made from ABS plastic only reached an EPS value of 0.00972 J/mm², indicating that palm fiber-based composite helmets could improve impact energy absorption efficiency by more than 14 times. The results conclude that increasing the fiber volume fraction and optimizing the alkali treatment duration significantly enhances the impact resistance, making ijuk-based composite helmets a promising alternative for safer and more eco-friendly protective gear.

The demand for lightweight materials with high mechanical strength has driven the development of aluminum alloys, particularly Al-Mg-Si, through deformation processes such as cold rolling. This study aims to analyze the effect of varying degrees of cold rolling deformation on the grain aspect ratio and macrohardness of homogenized Al-Mg-Si alloys. Deformation was applied at three thickness reduction levels—5%, 10%, and 20%—followed by microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and macrohardness testing in accordance with ASTM E-18 standards. The results show that increasing deformation levels lead to elongated grain morphology, with the grain aspect ratio rising from 1.16 to 2.07 and macrohardness increasing from 46.64 HRE to 62 HRE. The emergence of slip lines and grain flattening indicates the occurrence of intense plastic deformation, while work hardening results from dislocation accumulation that impedes further slip motion. These findings confirm a strong correlation between microstructural evolution and mechanical property enhancement in cold-deformed Al-Mg-Si alloys. This research contributes to the optimization of cold rolling parameters to produce engineering materials with a desirable balance of strength, formability, and fatigue resistance for applications in the mining and heavy manufacturing industries.

Rock stability and service life in geotechnical and mining engineering are highly dependent on the rock's mechanical and physical parameters, where the variation in sandstone grain size is a crucial intrinsic factor. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the correlation between sandstone grain size with uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and resistance to weathering (Slake Durability Index) in samples taken from the Balikpapan and Pulau Balang Formations in the Samarinda area, East Kalimantan. The research methodology involved a series of standard laboratory tests, including rock physical properties analysis, grain size distribution analysis, UCS testing, and slake durability testing through three cycles. The test results show a significant correlation: sandstone with finer grain sizes and higher density consistently demonstrates greater UCS values and a higher Durability Index, indicating superior mechanical and physical resistance. Specifically, the Pulau Balang Formation exhibits a more compact structure and finer grain size, resulting in better durability values compared to the Balikpapan Formation. These findings are important as a geomechanical data basis for slope design planning, rock mass stability analysis, and material selection in infrastructure projects or mining operations involving both formations.

This study aims to analyze how Islamic education policy in Indonesia functions as a social mechanism in shaping and maintaining societal integration amidst modern social change. Based on Émile Durkheim's functionalism theory, this study views Islamic education as an institution that plays a vital role in maintaining moral order, social solidarity, and preventing symptoms of anomie resulting from an imbalance between traditional values and the demands of modernity. The approach used is qualitative with an exploratory-descriptive orientation, with data collection techniques through literature studies of policy documents, institutional reports, and related scientific research results. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to interpret the social function of the policy based on the concepts of social solidarity, division of labor, and anomie. The results show that policies such as madrasah integration, religious moderation programs, and teacher professionalization have a manifest function in expanding access to education, increasing social mobility, strengthening gender equality, and strengthening cohesion between religious communities. However, latent functions are also found in the form of bureaucratization of educational institutions, resource inequality, and value resistance among local communities. These findings confirm that Islamic education policy operates ambivalently: as an integrative instrument that strengthens social solidarity, but also as an arena for value negotiation between tradition and modernity. Therefore, Islamic education policy needs to be directed in a more contextual and participatory manner to optimally function as an agent of inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable social transformation for modern Indonesian society.

The development of digital technology has changed global business patterns, including in Indonesia, through the growth of e-commerce, social media, and online platforms. This change opens up great opportunities for students as the educated young generation to develop online businesses. This research aims to explore students' online business readiness from a digital mindset perspective through a phenomenological study approach among students in Malang. The research focuses on online business readiness, digital mindset, attitudes towards technology, and the contribution of entrepreneurship learning, which are analyzed using the Theory of Planned Behavior framework(Ajzen, 1991) and Entrepreneurial Mindset Theory. The research used qualitative methods with in-depth interviews with online business students. The results show that students have a basic understanding of digital business, especially in utilizing social media and marketplaces. A positive attitude towards technology has been formed, indicated by perceived benefits and ease of use. However, a gap emerges between technical skills and long-term strategic planning capabilities. Innovation and problem-solving tend to be reactive, simply following trends, while psychological resistance such as fear of fraud and data security remain barriers. This research confirms that online business readiness is not only determined by technical skills, but also by the strengthening of an adaptive, innovative digital mindset. This research confirms that online business readiness is not only determined by technical skills, but also by strengthening an adaptive, innovative, and resilient digital mindset.The novelty of this research is the integration of TPB and Entrepreneurial Mindset Theory to understand students' readiness to face digital business challenges.

Integrated Quality Management (IQM) or Total Quality Management (TQM) has become a strategic issue in the field of education because it is directly related to improving the quality of learning, school management, and the achievement of sustainable competency standards. In the context of Islamic education and integrated schools, the implementation of IQM is not only oriented toward managerial efficiency but also toward the integration of religious values and the development of students’ character. Therefore, this literature review is essential to understand the development, trends, and challenges of IQM implementation in education. The purpose of this literature review is to examine how IQM is applied in various educational institutions and to identify its theoretical and practical contributions. The research questions proposed are: (1) How are the concepts and principles of IQM developed in education? (2) What are the main impacts and challenges of its implementation? The study employed a literature search through repositories, e-journals, and online publications using the keywords “integrated quality management,” “TQM,” and “education.” Out of 20 initial articles, only 5 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in depth. The analysis results revealed three main themes: strengthening the fundamental concepts of IQM, the role of key figures and TQM principles in education, and the implementation impacts on academic and non-academic quality. In conclusion, IQM has proven to be relevant as a strategy for improving educational quality, although challenges such as limited resources and internal resistance still need to be addressed. Future research should explore adaptive IQM strategies tailored to the local school context.

In the digital age, information travels quickly, which has made it easier to learn new things but also made it easier for false information to spread. In Indonesia, fact-checking efforts by online news sites like Kompas, Tempo, and Liputan6 have become very important in dealing with this problem. This study examines the linguistic and discursive strategies utilized in fact-checking articles published from 2022 to 2024 to foster critical literacy among readers. Utilizing the principles of Critical Literacy and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study examines five fact-checking texts addressing political, health, and social matters. The results show that all the articles follow the same story structure: they start with claims, then go into detail about the investigations, present evidence, and give final judgments. At the micro level, hedges, boosters, and evidential markers are used on purpose to change how certain and credible something is. At the meso level, discourse structures and intertextual references bolster institutional authority, whereas at the macro level, fact-checking serves as an educational instrument that promotes critical and contemplative reading habits. Overall, the study shows that fact-checking serves two purposes in Indonesia: it helps people check the accuracy of information and it helps people build their resistance to false information.

Digital transformation has become a crucial requirement for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to enhance their competitiveness in the technological era. This study aims to examine the trends and challenges faced by MSMEs in the digitalization process through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. A total of 35 scholarly articles published within the last five years were analyzed using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the digitalization trends among MSMEs encompass the adoption of cloud-based technologies, the use of social media for marketing, the utilization of e-commerce platforms, and the integration of digital financial systems. However, the main challenges identified include low digital literacy, limited infrastructure, relatively high implementation costs, resistance to change, and insufficient policy support. This study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of MSME digital transformation but also identifies research gaps that have been rarely discussed. Furthermore, it offers strategic directions for researchers, MSME practitioners, and policymakers to develop more targeted strategies in accelerating and expanding digital transformation within Indonesia’s MSME sector.

Transformational leadership is an important paradigm in strengthening modern governance that is oriented towards innovation, accountability, and public service. This research aims to examine the concepts, roles, and challenges of transformational leadership in the context of the Indonesian public sector through a literature study approach. The study was conducted on 15 open academic sources relevant to digital bureaucratic issues, apparatus work motivation, and organizational reform. The results of the study show that transformational leadership is able to increase performance effectiveness, strengthen employee commitment, and accelerate the digital transformation of the bureaucracy through an inspiring vision, intellectual stimulation, and individual attention to subordinates. In addition, this leadership contributes to the formation of a collaborative work culture and the improvement of public service innovations that are adaptive to the needs of the community. However, its implementation still faces structural obstacles, such as hierarchical culture, resistance to change, weak digital competence of the apparatus, and limited policy and human resource support. Therefore, a strong integration between transformational values, adaptive leadership competencies, and good governance principles is needed to drive sustainable and performance-oriented bureaucratic change that is superior to public performance.

Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of public service delivery worldwide, with e-government emerging as a critical mechanism for enhancing government efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of e-government implementation in Indonesia, examining the trajectory of digital transformation in public services, the institutional frameworks supporting this transition, and the multifaceted impacts on service quality and governance outcomes. Through systematic literature review and critical policy analysis, this research explores the evolution of Indonesia's e-government initiatives from early adoption to current comprehensive digital service platforms, investigating both successes and persistent challenges. The findings reveal that Indonesia has made substantial progress in developing e-government infrastructure and applications across national and local government levels, with notable achievements including integrated digital identity systems, online business licensing platforms, and citizen complaint management systems. These initiatives have demonstrably improved service accessibility, reduced processing times, minimized corruption opportunities, and enhanced government responsiveness. However, implementation remains uneven across regions and government institutions, constrained by factors including digital infrastructure disparities, limited digital literacy among citizens and officials, organizational resistance to change, inadequate interoperability between systems, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The research identifies critical success factors for effective e-government implementation including strong leadership commitment, adequate resource allocation, comprehensive capacity building programs, citizen-centric design principles, robust legal frameworks, and collaborative partnerships between government, private sector, and civil society.

This study evaluates the retrofit design of the Semat weir on the Kali Gawe in Jepara Regency. The retrofit aims to adjust the weir’s hydraulic capacity to accommodate estimated flood discharges while ensuring the structure’s stability under applied loads. In the agricultural context, adequate water availability for irrigation directly affects crop yields; conversely, the rainy season often increases river flow and flood risk. Irrigation structures such as weirs are therefore required to raise river water levels to divert flow into irrigation channels and to regulate water distribution. Flood discharge estimates were derived from precipitation data and watershed (drainage basin) characteristics. Flood hydrograph planning is a critical design step for the weir. Log-Pearson Type III analysis was used to determine probable precipitation values for several recurrence intervals. Those design precipitation values were then converted into design flood discharges using synthetic unit hydrograph methods, specifically the Snyder, Nakayasu, and Gamma HSS approaches. Employing the Gamma synthetic unit hydrograph for the 50-year return period (Q50) produced a design flood discharge of 2,536.52 m³/s for that recurrence interval. Structural stability analyses of the redesigned weir indicate safety factors well above customary thresholds: overturning resistance factor = 11.6 (required ≥ 1.5), sliding resistance factor = 4.80 (required ≥ 2.0), and piping (internal erosion) factor = infinite (required ≥ 4). All evaluated stability parameters therefore satisfy standard safety criteria.

This study aims to identify the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of academic supervision by school principals using a SWOT analysis approach based on a literature review. Through a systematic literature review of various research sources related to academic supervision and communication in educational management, it was found that strengths such as principal competence, structured supervision with effective communication between principals and teachers, and facility support are the main assets for successful supervision. Meanwhile, weaknesses such as time constraints, limited resources, and a lack of innovation in supervision and communication approaches remain challenges. Opportunities arise from supportive education policies, technological advances that can strengthen internal communication, and the role of active learning communities in sharing information and collaboration. However, threats such as dynamic policy changes and resistance to change require adaptive supervision strategies, open communication, and collaboration in order to optimize academic supervision. The results of this study provide an overview of strategies for school principals and policy makers to optimize academic supervision through effective communication approaches in order to improve teacher professionalism and the quality of learning in schools.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. One of the influencing factors for this condition is lifestyle, particularly dietary patterns and physical activity. Objective: This study aims to describe the dietary patterns and physical activities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Kalisat Regional Hospital (RSD), Jember. Method: The research design used is a case study involving two patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, and analyzed using nursing care stages. Results: The study found that both patients consumed high amounts of simple carbohydrates such as sugar, sweet cakes, and noodles, exceeding the normal daily intake limits. Physical activity was minimal, limited to light household chores like cleaning and short-distance walking. Conclusion: Both patients were diagnosed with ineffective health management. Nursing interventions focused on behavioral health education to improve patients’ knowledge and motivation in managing Diabetes Mellitus independently.