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PE learning in schools will be optimal if the available facilities and infrastructure are adequate and the learning process focuses on the needs of students, of course, on the kasti ball game material. There are several factors that are obstacles, namely from the students themselves such as fear in doing blows, lack of confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of the modification of hitting aids and balls on the ability of hitting and throwing skills in the game of kasti ball for grade 6 students of SDN Gading 1 Surabaya. Data collection was carried out through student skill tests by providing modifications to batting aids and balls to determine the improvement of hitting skills in students. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical tests in the form of averages, standard deviations, variances, and inferential statistics using normality tests, t-tests, and improvement measurements. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there was an increase in the ability of hitting skills in the game of kasti ball by more than 90% after being given modifications of batting aids and balls to students.

of literacy activities in improving the reading ability of fourth grade students at Nursyamsiani Islamic Private Elementary School. How to implement literacy activities in improving students' reading skills and what are the obstacles and solutions in implementing the school literacy. The purpose of this research is to describe the process of implementing Literacy Activities in Improving the Reading Ability of Class IV Students at Nursyamsiani Islamic Private Elementary School. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The subjects of this research are school principals, teachers, fourth grade students and other school members. The complete documents in this research are documents related to literacy activities such as infrastructure, literacy activity processes, and other teaching tools. There are 3 data collection techniques in this research, namely, interviews, observation and documentation. Based on research conducted, the implementation of School Literacy activities has a very important role in improving the reading ability of fourth grade students at the Nursyamsiani Islamic Private Elementary School.

Lack of social skills in students has an impact on students' indifferent attitude towards tasks given by teachers, lack of student participation in school activities and lack of interaction between students so that there are students who tend to be closed and have no sense of concern for their friends. Therefore, the role of teachers is needed in providing a positive contribution to the development of students' social attitudes. This type of research is descriptive qualitative and the data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively which aims to describe the problems that occur and relate them to the specified variables and can also be discussed in narrative form. The results of the study found that social skills as an interaction ability between teachers and teachers and teachers with students, and students with students so social skills in schools are related to the relationship of school community interactions, the role of teachers in developing students' social skills attitudes is shown through a learning approach in the classroom, for example through character values ​​explained in learning with the aim of training students to have a sense of sympathy, concern, tolerance which are part of social skills so that in the development of students' social skills at SMP Negeri 2 Seram Barat, students can accept the application of social skills attitudes well, this can be seen from student interactions both with teachers and with peers. Application of Social Skills attitudes in Learning for students in class that in the learning process carried out by teachers in class at SMP Negeri 2 Seram Barat, using learning methods such as: question and answer methods, lecture methods, demonstration methods, discussion methods, jigsaw learning methods, peer teaching methods. The application of social skills attitudes in classroom learning, the right method is a method that trains student cooperation, trains how to convey opinions such as question and answer methods, discussion methods. In implementing social skills attitudes, not only teachers have an important role, but social skills are also carried out by other teachers in classroom learning using learning methods that can develop students' social skills.

This research is motivated by the challenges of learning in the digital era, which encourage schools to improve 21st century skills which include collaboration and communication skills by utilizing digital technology which will have a major impact on student success. The use of digital technology in learning is currently a major concern at various levels of education, including elementary schools (SD). The aim of the research is to determine the effect of using digital technology, types of effective digital technology media, and challenges in using digital technology to improve collaboration and communication skills for elementary school students. This research is based on literature study, namely a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. The results of this research show that the use of digital technology has a big influence on improving the collaboration and communication skills of elementary school (SD) students. Types of effective digital technology media include WhatsApp groups, YouTube, TikTok, Google Classroom, Zoom, Google Meet, Canva and Powerpoint. The challenges in using digital technology are limited technological infrastructure, lack of skills and knowledge of teachers, management and maintenance of technology, choosing appropriate technological methods and media, the digital divide, safety for students and teachers, and concerns about disrupting the values ​​of local wisdom.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the numeracy learning method using the Gasing Mathematics approach which is associated with traditional games for grade 4 students at SD N 1 Demulih. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the application of Gasing Mathematics in the numeracy learning process. Data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results showed that the combination of Gasing Mathematics and traditional games such as poh-pohan, gowak-gowakan, and meyong-meyongan succeeded in creating an interactive, fun, and effective learning environment in improving mathematical understanding. The integration of traditional games with Gasing Mathematics makes it easier for students to overcome numeracy difficulties, increases participation, and motivates them in the learning process. This article plays a role in providing new insights into innovative and contextual mathematics learning strategies, especially in supporting the improvement of numeracy skills in elementary schools.

Understanding professional ethics in the workplace is a crucial aspect for students in Vocational High Schools (SMK) to prepare themselves for entering the workforce. This ethics is not only related to technical skills but also encompasses attitudes, behavior, and the ability to interact professionally. One of the most critical aspects is interview etiquette, as a student’s success is often determined by how they behave and communicate during the interview. An interview is not just about answering questions, but also an opportunity to present a positive self-image. Therefore, students need to understand how to use appropriate body language, manage facial expressions, and answer questions confidently. To address this need, the community service team from the D-III English Language Study Program at Politeknik Negeri Madiun conducted an interview etiquette training at SMK Widjaya Ngoro, Jombang. The training was delivered through interactive discussions and hands-on practice. In the discussion session, students learned preparation strategies, interview etiquette, and follow-up actions after the interview. Furthermore, through simulations, students were able to practice communication skills, improve their attitudes, and build confidence. This activity proved to be beneficial as it enriched knowledge and provided practical experience that is relevant for facing job selection processes in the future.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the demonstration teaching method in improving the learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) for eighth-grade students at SMP Budi Utomo, Srono. The demonstration teaching method was chosen because it provides students with direct experience, allowing them to understand the material more clearly and practically. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and were then analyzed by systematically describing the findings based on facts and phenomena observed in the field. The results of the study show that the implementation of the demonstration teaching method was carried out through three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. During the planning stage, the teacher prepares relevant materials and teaching aids for the topic being taught. The implementation stage involves using visual media and teaching aids to clarify the explanation of the material, while engaging students in the demonstration activities directly. In the evaluation stage, the teacher provides feedback to assess the students' understanding of the material taught. The application of the demonstration method has a positive impact on the students' learning outcomes. The study shows that students experienced an increase in their understanding of IRE material, greater enthusiasm for learning, and improved responsiveness to issues in their surrounding environment. Additionally, group learning activities during the teaching process strengthened communication skills among students. Therefore, this method proves to be effective in enhancing the quality of classroom learning.

This study aims to analysis (1) learning strategies that student use in facing the Indonesian Academic Competency Test (TKA)  at MAN 3 Kediri, (2) learning model that teachers apply in facing the Indonesian language Academic Competency Test (TKA) at MAN 3 Kediri, (3) things that support students learning process in facing the Indonesian language Academic Competency Test (TKA) at MAN 3 Kediri. This resulting data source was obtained from a questionnaire distributed by researches to class XII students at MAN 3 Kediri. The data collection technique used was a student questionnaire or survey via a google form plate which was filled in by class XII students at MAN 3 Kediri. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis to explain the results of the survey obtained. The data validity technique employed is triangulation. The analysis results show that students receive learning strategies through direct instruction or by practicing the material directly through exercise questions. Additionally, the difficulty level of the questions varies, ranging from lower-level to higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Furthermore, the teacher also prepares an appropriate teaching model to help students face the Indonesian Language TKA (National Competency Test). The result shows that the teacher applies the PAIKEM approach (active, innovative, creative, effective, and enjoyable). The supporting strategy includes practice questions that encourage students' understanding.  

The application of the philosophy of progressive education within the Merdeka Curriculum aims to create a more student-centered education system that encourages active and contextual learning. Progressivism emphasizes the importance of hands-on experiences and the development of critical thinking skills through real projects and discussions. In the context of the Merdeka Curriculum, this approach allows students to explore their interests and talents more independently, with teachers acting as facilitators guiding the learning process. Through project-based learning, collaboration, and authentic assessment, the Merdeka Curriculum provides students with the opportunity to explore their interests and talents. This research identifies various strategies that educators can adopt to integrate the principles of progressivism, such as using active learning methods and allowing freedom in choosing learning materials. The implementation of the progressive philosophy presents several challenges, including teachers' readiness to adopt new roles, the need to adjust the curriculum to local contexts, and the availability of adequate resources. However, this application also offers significant opportunities to enhance the quality of education by producing graduates who are more adaptive, creative, and capable of solving complex problems. This study highlights how the application of progressive philosophy in the Merdeka Curriculum can increase student motivation, develop 21st-century skills, and prepare them for future challenges. Therefore, it is essential to continuously evaluate and develop this approach to align with the evolving times and national educational needs.

Reading is an interactive process where readers construct meaning from texts, relying on various skills, including comprehension. It is fundamental for learning and daily life, and its importance is underscored by the rise of information and communication technology (ICT), which facilitates access to information through tools like the internet. Online platforms, such as Wattpad, have emerged as popular resources for improving literacy among students, particularly in narrative texts. At SMPN 28 Bekasi, English is a compulsory subject, yet students face challenges in reading comprehension, especially in understanding narrative texts. Despite the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which focuses on project-based learning, many students struggle to meet reading standards. This research aims to investigate the impact of the Wattpad application on students' reading comprehension of narrative texts, given their difficulties and lack of engagement with traditional reading materials. The survey revealed mixed preferences among students, with strong leanings towards novels (45%), fiction (56%), and romance (44%). Short stories are less popular but still attract the interest of some readers. The majority of students (46.7%) use Wattpad daily, spending mostly 30-60 minutes per session. Many read 2-4 texts per month and often follow specific authors. About 60% of students use bookmarks regularly, while 66.7% prefer texts recommended by Wattpad. The note-taking feature shows mixed use, indicating varying levels of engagement. Reviews and ratings are very important to 83.3% of students when selecting texts. Students generally felt confident in following the storyline (83.3% often or always), analyzing characters (83.3%), and identifying the main conflict (83.3%). Most students apply information from texts in real life, frequently reread for clarity, and often create summaries. Overall, these findings demonstrate high engagement and understanding among Wattpad students, demonstrating their diverse reading habits and interactive use of the platform.

The purpose of this study is to modify aggression behavior through CBT techniques or cognitive behavioral therapy over a 20-day period. The research method used is using a qualitative approach method. This research also uses an action research approach in providing results to change behavior for the better. In addition, the research also uses descriptive qualitative research in analyzing the data collected during the research process. CBT techniques or cognitive behavioral therapy based on Beck Theory, the three informants learned to recognize negative feelings and thoughts experienced, through situations or events that triggered negative feelings and thoughts in the informants. It can be interpreted that informants will learn to improve skills in how to think, emotion, and act. Therefore, it can be seen that the result of this study is that the CBT Technique with Beck's Theory is sufficient to provide good results in dealing with the three informants who are still relatively young. This CBT technique corrects deviant thoughts in terms of emotions and behavior towards a better direction. Research informants can reduce aggression by 80% from 10-20 times a day to 1-5 times a day.

The use of AI is seen as aiding the learning process, and students have used AI for various purposes in their coursework. This article aims to investigate the impact of AI use on their innovation and creativity, as well as the possibility of AI replacing lecturers. A qualitative study was conducted with 53 student respondents. Questions were asked about the definition of AI, the applications of AI they use, whether AI can enhance creativity and innovation, and whether AI will one day replace lecturers. The findings indicate that AI is artificial intelligence that serves as an aid in the student learning process. The majority of students use ChatGPT, and 37 students stated that AI can enhance their innovation and creativity by providing inspiration and initial ideas. AI is also a tool that accelerates the learning process and facilitates creative work, as well as AI as a means of developing skills such as critical reasoning and data analysis. However, the majority also stated that dependence on AI can actually reduce critical thinking and creativity. Regarding the role of lecturers, 41 students stated that AI cannot replace them. The implication of these findings is that AI can be used wisely while still being aware of its limitations and ethical use. The role of lecturers must be further enhanced to ensure that student learning processes address AI's limitations and allow students to further enhance their innovation and creativity, while simultaneously mitigating the associated risks.

Education is a very complex process that not only covers knowledge but also skills, including moral and ethical values. English as an international language has an important role in the field of education, especially in Indonesia at senior high school (SMA) with a focus on developing skills from speaking, listening, reading and writing. However, each learners have different abilities ranging from slow learners to fast learners, it requires teachers to apply a variety of learning strategies in accordance with learning. This study aims to explore English learning strategies applied at SMA Negeri 2 Bangli, especially in class XI. Through the descriptive qualitative research method, this study found that both teachers apply varied learning strategies according to the needs of students, and there are learning strategies that are rarely applied because they are considered less suitable for the characteristics and learning needs of students.

This study investigates the effectiveness of media literacy training in enhancing high school students’ critical evaluation skills in the digital era. The research is motivated by the growing challenges of disinformation and fake news, which often influence young people’s perception of news and their decision-making processes. The objective of this study is to examine how structured media literacy training can transform students’ ability to critically analyze information, recognize fake news, and construct well-founded arguments. A qualitative research approach was employed, using content analysis of training materials, classroom workshops, observations, and reflective interviews or questionnaires to gather data. The participants were purposively selected high school students engaged in the media literacy program. The findings reveal significant improvements in students’ ability to identify the characteristics of fake news, verify information through reliable sources, and analyze media messages more systematically. Before the training, students tended to accept information uncritically, struggled to differentiate between facts and opinions, and relied heavily on social media as their primary source of information. After the training, however, they demonstrated more reflective and cautious behavior, cross-checking information from multiple credible sources and presenting arguments that linked news content with broader socio-political contexts. The study concludes that media literacy training plays a crucial role in equipping students with critical thinking skills necessary to navigate the complexities of the digital information landscape. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for integrating media literacy into school curricula, supported by teacher training and sustainable educational policies, to ensure long-term resilience against disinformation.

North Batu Rimpang Hamlet is known as a center for fresh fish trading; however, its utilization as a raw material for processed fish products remains low. This study aims to analyze the use of fish in improving the economy of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in North Batu Rimpang Hamlet through fish processing training. The method used is descriptive qualitative, including interviews, observations, and documentation involving SME actors. The results show that the training provided on processing fish into two types of products—fish nuggets and shredded fish—successfully increased the knowledge and skills of the SME participants. They reported higher incomes and better market access after attending the training. Moreover, more innovative and competitive processed fish products have begun to enter the market, demonstrating the program's success in supporting the local economy.

This study aims to describe the process of developing entrepreneurial skills of students, about how to plan the development of entrepreneurial skills of students of PAB 10 Medan Estate Private Junior High School, to find out how to implement the development of entrepreneurial skills of students of PAB 10 Medan Estate Private Junior High School, and to find out about the effectiveness of entrepreneurship skill development of PAB 10 Medan Estate Private Junior High School students. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach to obtain data on the planning, implementation and effectiveness of entrepreneurial skill development. The subjects in this study are school principals, teachers and several students at PAB 10 Medan Estate Private Junior High School, with data collection techniques obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation with data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The findings of this study show that PAB 10 Medan Estate Private Junior High School in the planning process for developing students' entrepreneurial skills has been carried out well in terms of determining goals and objectives, analyzing previous activities and planning to the preparation of plans for the development of students' entrepreneurial skills. In the implementation of entrepreneurial skill development, all daily activities carried out by students and in all subjects are applied, because the implementation is not only focused on the realm of entrepreneurship, but more on the cultivation of entrepreneurial values. In the evaluation process, it is carried out routinely by the school, both in supervision inside the school and outside the school.

Extracurricular activities of Rohani Islam (Rohis) have an important role in character building and developing students' religious skills. This article aims to describe the process of mentoring student learning through Rohis extracurricular activities, especially in the field of religious lectures at SMKN 3 Palangka Raya. The method used in this activity is structured mentoring with a participatory approach. The results of this mentoring showed an increase in students' confidence in delivering religious lectures as well as their understanding of Islamic materials. This activity also has a positive impact in strengthening morals and religious values among students.

The development of Science Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) aims to produce teaching materials that are suitable for use in terms of content, language and design. Development is carried out using the ADDIE model, which includes the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation stages. The LKPD product developed has been validated and is considered suitable for use in learning. This LKPD is expected to make the learning process more efficient, centered on students, and encourage them to find and solve problems with teacher guidance, thereby improving critical thinking skills through the PBL approach.

The purpose of this research is to  find the impact of Project Based Learning on the  Critical Thinking Skills of 5-6 Years Old Children. This is a quatitative experimental research (One Group Pretest-post-test). The Population of this research consists of 12 children, and the sample is 12 group B children aged 5-6 years at Tk Pertiwi, Bone Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency. The Data analysis technique uses stastistics data processing. The results showed an increase in the average pre-test, obtaining a score of 59.84, and the resuld of the average value of the negative difference is (-21.28091). Meanwhile, the average post-test is 81.62. Therefore, it shows a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores with a p-value of 0.000, so the hypothesis results are” confirmed,”  where the significant value of 0.000, <alpha value of 0.05. In other words, H0 is rejected and H1 is confirmed. It can be conluded that projct-based learning impacts the criticalthinking ability of 5-6 year old children at Pertiwi Kindergarten, Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency.

Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a community service program by students that aims to empower the community with a cross-disciplinary and sectoral approach. The KKN program in Telaga Jernih Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, aims to overcome the problem of monotonous hereditary livelihoods and open up new business opportunities through economic empowerment and entrepreneurship. Before the program was implemented, most villagers relied on the agricultural sector, especially oil palm and rice, which made the village economy vulnerable to price fluctuations and environmental conditions. This program focused on socialization about livelihood diversification, entrepreneurial skills training, and reducing plastic waste by converting it into products with economic value. Through this training, the community was invited to see local potential that could be developed into new business opportunities. The results of the implementation of this KKN showed an increase in community understanding of the importance of business diversification and the application of skills acquired in starting small businesses in the fields of agricultural processing and plastic waste recycling. Several residents have started new businesses supported by the skills taught during the training. However, several challenges such as low digital literacy and limited access to capital are still obstacles to business development. Therefore, a follow-up program is needed that focuses on developing digital skills and access to capital to support the sustainability of the business that has been pioneered. Overall, this KKN program has succeeded in providing a positive impact on the Telaga Jernih Village community and can be a model for local potential-based economic empowerment in other villages.