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The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

The rapid advancements in technology and marketing strategies within the maritime industry present both opportunities and ethical challenges. While innovation enhances operational efficiency and consumer engagement, the absence of structured ethical frameworks can lead to privacy violations, regulatory breaches, and deceptive marketing practices. This study examines the role of ethical considerations in technology and marketing management within maritime leadership, emphasizing the need for structured ethical decision-making frameworks to ensure consumer protection, regulatory compliance, and corporate sustainability. This research provides original value by assessing the extent to which ethical principles are integrated into maritime business strategies, addressing gaps in previous research that primarily focuses on profitability over ethical governance. The study explores the following research questions: How do ethical considerations shape decision-making in maritime technology and marketing management? What challenges hinder the implementation of structured ethical frameworks? Using qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews with industry experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students were conducted, followed by thematic analysis and comparative evaluation. Findings indicate that while ethical decision-making enhances corporate reputation and regulatory compliance, industry-wide implementation remains inconsistent due to weak regulatory enforcement and corporate reluctance. The study concludes that integrating ethical frameworks into maritime leadership training and business education is essential for fostering responsible corporate governance, enhancing consumer trust, and ensuring long-term sustainability.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has led to widespread mass surveillance, raising concerns about the protection of individual privacy. International human rights law plays a crucial role in balancing national security interests with the right to digital privacy. This study examines the impact of international human rights frameworks, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), in safeguarding digital privacy amid increasing government surveillance. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes key legal principles, court rulings, and policy responses from different jurisdictions. The findings indicate that while international legal instruments provide a foundation for digital privacy protection, enforcement remains inconsistent due to varying national implementations and technological challenges. The study underscores the need for stronger legal mechanisms and international cooperation to ensure the effective protection of digital privacy rights in the digital age.

This article discusses the transformation of international payments that continues to develop along with technological advances and increasing needs for efficiency, speed, and security in conducting cross-border transactions. This development is marked by the innovation of international payments with the existence of CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) and its integration with fintech, as a digital currency issued by the Central Bank. In this study, the research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. Where data can be obtained through informal group discussions, literature studies, and from various sources of information related to the transformation of international payments, CBDC, and the fintech ecosystem. The results of the study show that there has been a transformation of international payments that started from manual or cash transactions, until now it can carry out digital payment transactions using CBDC payment innovations. However, there are challenges or risks in using CBDC, namely related to data security and privacy, new financial technology regulations, changes in consumer behavior, and financial stability risks. This article is expected to provide insight for industry players to be able to utilize the potential of CBDC and fintech in building a more modern and sustainable international financial system.

The development of technology is very rapid and has undergone a significant transformation, especially with the emergence of technology 5.0. In this development, Generation Z is experiencing communication challenges in the development of the 5.0 technology which is increasing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Communication Challenges of 5.0 in the Digital Age and Understand Generation Z in communicating with the rapid advancement of 5.0 technology. This research is a literature study. Data collection uses documentation from Google School. The data analysis used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The vast and growing expansion of the field of communication 5.0 through various digital platforms, such as social media, has made it difficult to communicate 5.0 in the current digital era, especially when connecting with Generation Z. The problem of communication in the current digital era is The current digital era, especially when interacting with Generation Z, is the rapid growth of the field of communication through various digital platforms, including social media, instant messaging, online content, other media, and so on. The characteristics of Generation Z, such as their tendency towards concise communication, strong visuals, and video, influence their communication style. Building a solid and productive partnership requires knowledge of the partnership and customization of your communication approach. In addition, it must be recognized that Generation Z is very tech-savvy, which can lead to privacy and security issues that need to be handled carefully if you want to establish effective communication with this generation.

This study examines the ethics of social media use from the perspective of hadith and verses of the Qur'an with a focus on privacy and social responsibility. Social media, as a dominant communication tool, is often misused, resulting in privacy violations, the spread of inaccurate information, and other negative impacts. This study uses a literature approach to authentic hadiths and interpretations of verses of the Qur'an. The results of the study show that Islam prohibits the actions of tajasuss (spying) and ghibah (backbiting), as emphasized in the hadith: "Whoever spies on others, Allah will spy on him." In addition, QS. Al-Isra: 36 reminds us of the importance of verifying information before it is disseminated. The principle of amar ma'ruf nahi munkar requires social media users to encourage goodness, share positive content, and avoid destructive behavior, such as bullying or the spread of inappropriate content. The application of Islamic ethics in social media can reduce the negative impacts of technology while creating safer and more beneficial interactions in cyberspace.  

The rapid development of health technology has significantly contributed to healthcare services. Technologies such as Electronic Medical Records (EMR), telemedicine, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have improved healthcare accessibility. However, these advancements also present legal challenges, particularly regarding patient data protection and liability for medical errors (malpractice). Patients have the right to data privacy, and data breaches can have serious consequences. In Indonesia, regulations such as the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022 on Medical Records have been implemented to strengthen patient data security. However, legal gaps still exist, particularly concerning the responsibility of third-party technology providers. Additionally, the application of technology increases the risk of malpractice, especially in the use of AI and telemedicine, where diagnostic errors can occur. Current regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2023 on Medical Health, do not fully address liability for errors involving technology. Therefore, stronger legal certainty and more comprehensive regulations are needed to keep pace with the rapid development of health technologies.

Various aspect life man has changed in a way significant by revolution technology digital. Digital technology has created opportunities and new obstacles in many ways, such as the way people interact One The same other, Work, Study, And get service health. In article This, we will discuss how the digital technology revolution impacts areas such as economics, education, social interactions, and data security and privacy issues. This study finds ways in which technology digital increase productivity, efficiency, And inclusion. They Also find problem that need to be considered. They use literature study methods and secondary data analysis.

Legal protection of personal data in public information systems is an important aspect of maintaining individual privacy in the digital era. This journal examines various regulations governing personal data protection, including the Personal Data Protection Law and other related policies. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study analysis on several public agencies in Indonesia. The results show that despite the legal framework, the implementation of personal data protection still faces various challenges, such as a lack of understanding among public employees and a lack of socialization of individual rights. This study recommends the need for awareness raising and training for public agencies as well as strengthening supervisory mechanisms to ensure more effective personal data protection.

The rapid advancement of knowledge and information technology has reshaped the perspectives and lifestyles of Indonesian citizens, particularly through innovations like Artificial Intelligence (AI), which automates various tasks and simplifies human activities. However, the misuse of AI has become a critical issue in 2023, especially in spreading sophisticated fake information. To address this, Law No. 1 of 2024, amending Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions, is expected to combat AI software misuse effectively. This study investigates the legal implications of AI misuse, particularly concerning privacy and personal data security, and examines its interpretation under Articles 27 and 32 of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law to enhance law enforcement and safeguard individual privacy rights. Using a normative legal research approach, the findings reveal that AI misuse, such as manipulating photos and videos, violates data protection laws, including the GDPR in the European Union and Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Act. Such violations can lead to severe penalties, legal consequences, and reputational damage for companies. Recognized as a form of cybercrime, AI misuse is addressed under Article 35 of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law, which provides a specialized legal framework for handling such offenses comprehensively.

The development of information and communication technology in the digital era has a significant impact on the protection of personal data on social media. Rapid digitization not only facilitates data distribution and storage, but also increases the risk of cybercrime such as data theft, hacking, phishing and cyberbullying. This study aims to analyze effective prevention strategies in protecting personal information on social media. Using a qualitative approach through literature studies, questionnaires, as well as data analysis from trusted sources such as scientific journals and articles accessed through Google Scholar and Mendeley, this research found that users' awareness of personal data security is still low. The results show that many users have not implemented adequate preventive measures, such as changing passwords regularly or utilizing security features provided by social media platforms. Proposed prevention strategies include user education, strong password enforcement, account privacy settings, and increased awareness of cyber threats.

Digital society was born from the process of developing information technology which has formed a new world or new community, namely between the real world and the virtual world (cyber). The aim of this research is to discuss the importance of understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by society. In the use of digital technology, which is increasingly growing rapidly, marked by advances in information and communication technology, it is facing various significant challenges, including the digital divide, privacy and data security issues, as well as disruption of social values. Inequality in access to technology deepens social and economic disparities, while privacy and data security concerns raise concerns regarding the scope of personal information. But digital society also offers great opportunities, such as increased access to information that empowers individuals and groups, and the creation of virtual communities that support social solidarity and innovation. This research uses qualitative methods using data analysis through literature study. The qualitative approach was chosen because this research aims to obtain an understanding and explanation of the phenomenon of digital society with complex and varied challenges and opportunities from the perspective of the subjects involved. Data and information are obtained from various sources, including scientific journals, books, research reports, and online articles.

This study explores the integration of facial recognition and GPS technology to enhance attendance management systems in educational institutions. By employing a two-layer verification process that combines face validation and location validation, the proposed system addresses common challenges of traditional attendance methods, such as proxy attendance and inefficient data management. The system not only improves accuracy and security but also provides valuable insights into attendance patterns through location-based analytics. Despite its advantages, the research highlights the need to address challenges related to data privacy, security, and user acceptance for successful implementation. Overall, this study contributes to the development of modern attendance management solutions, demonstrating the potential for increased efficiency and effectiveness in educational environments.