Publication Search

Diabetic foot ulcers represent one of the most serious long-term complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, often contributing to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, while significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Among the various underlying causes, peripheral neuropathy and vascular disorders (vasculopathy) are frequently linked to dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, along with the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A descriptive retrospective approach was used by analyzing medical record data collected from Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital in Ternate. The findings indicated that the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes were aged 45 years or older (80%) and were predominantly female (60%). In terms of lipid profiles, most patients exhibited normal total cholesterol levels (82.2%) and normal triglyceride levels (51.1%). Despite these normal lipid values, a significant portion of the patients (53.3%) were identified as being at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers. These results suggest that while dyslipidemia is commonly implicated in the development of diabetic foot complications, normal lipid levels do not necessarily eliminate the risk. The study concludes that the typical profile of type 2 DM patients includes those aged ≥ 45 years, females, and individuals with normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels who are still susceptible to diabetic foot ulcers. This highlights the multifactorial nature of diabetic foot ulcer development and underscores the importance of comprehensive risk assessments beyond lipid profile evaluation alone in diabetic patient care.

This study aims to identify and compare the prevalence of eating disorders and body image disturbances among female athletes and non-athlete members of fitness clubs. Given the rising societal emphasis on physical appearance and performance, young women are increasingly exposed to unrealistic body ideals, potentially increasing the risk of psychological issues such as body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors. The research employed a descriptive quantitative design involving 100 women aged 18–25 years, consisting of 50 athletes actively participating in competitive sports and 50 non-athletes who regularly attend fitness clubs for general health purposes. Data were collected using two standardized instruments: the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) to assess levels of body image disturbance, and the SCOFF questionnaire to screen for symptoms of eating disorders. Results indicated that 34% of female athletes reported high levels of body image disturbance, compared to only 2% of non-athletes. Additionally, symptoms of eating disorders were present in 54% of athletes, while 14% of non-athletes showed similar tendencies. Statistical analyses using Mann-Whitney U and independent samples t-tests confirmed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that athletes may be at a higher risk for developing these psychological issues. These findings underscore the psychological pressures faced by female athletes, who are often required to maintain specific body standards to meet performance expectations. The study highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, including psychological support services and educational interventions that promote healthy body image and eating habits. Implementing such programs in both sports and general fitness environments can help reduce the prevalence of these disorders and foster a healthier relationship with body image among young women.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva commonly affecting individuals of all ages. In Indonesia, its rising prevalence raises concerns due to its impact on quality of life and potential for community transmission. This program aimed to improve public awareness and prevention of conjunctivitis, particularly in the Puskesmas area. Cause analysis was conducted using Blum’s Paradigm, with data collected via a mini-survey. Problem prioritization applied the non-scoring Delphi method, and root causes were identified using a fishbone diagram. The intervention focused on health education and proper handwashing demonstrations. Evaluation was conducted using the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle and a continuous monitoring system. Results showed an increase in post-test scores following education sessions, indicating improved community understanding of proper hand hygiene to prevent conjunctivitis transmission. The initiative is expected to continue as part of community health promotion and prevention efforts.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is an emergency condition in which a group of symptoms of acute ischemic chest pain are part of coronary heart disease (CHD) and require immediate treatment. The prevalence of CHD in Aceh is higher than the national average of 1.6% or around 20,244 people. This study is expected to describe the prevalence, number of deaths (mortality) and average length of stay (LOS) of STEMI patients during hospitalization so that this data can significantly enhance knowledge for health practitioners and be used as a warning to be more aware of STEMI incidents in Aceh. This study uses a retrospective descriptive research design with a research sample of all patients diagnosed with ACS with ST-Elevation who were hospitalized at Dr. Fauziah Hospital in June 2022-June 2023. The data collection technique is total sampling obtained from medical record data. It was concluded that the majority of patients were male, namely 80.7% (71 patients), the highest age was 45-60 years with 45 cases (51.1%). History of CHD was the dominant risk factor (62% of cases). The most dominant type of ACS with ST-Elevation was Anterior STEMI as many as 32 cases (52.3%) with onset <12 hours (51% of cases) and predominantly came with KILLIP I (62.5% of cases). The most dominant management was with conservative therapy 56 cases (61.4%). The average length of patient care was 5 days (45.1%) and the most outcomes with outpatients as many as 72 cases (81.8%).

The implementation of the Job Creation Law has brought significant changes to the regulation of foreign investment in Indonesia, particularly through the establishment of a minimum capital requirement for a Foreign Investment Limited Liability Company (PT PMA) of IDR 10 billion. This study aims to examine the formal minimum capital requirements for PT PMA in notarial deeds under the Job Creation Law using normative juridical methods with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, and referring to the theory of legal certainty, responsibility, and legal protection. The analysis includes the evolution of PT minimum capital regulations, capital classification within the company's legal structure, the phenomenon of fictitious PT PMAs such as the PT BKG case, and the status and limitations of notary responsibilities. The results of the study indicate that although the minimum capital requirement for PT PMAs has been explicitly stipulated in Government Regulation No. 5 of 2021 and Regulation of the Head of the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) No. 4 of 2021, there are legal loopholes in the form of unclear capital deposit periods, weak verification and oversight mechanisms, and the prevalence of nominee practices and fictitious PT PMAs that reduce the effectiveness of the policy. The notary's position as a public official plays a strategic role in drafting deeds of establishment, verifying documents, and providing legal counseling, but has limited authority in verifying material truth. The study concluded that regulatory improvements are needed through establishing clear capital deposit periods, strengthening verification and oversight mechanisms, and harmonizing regulations between institutions to ensure the effective implementation of minimum capital requirements for foreign-owned companies (PT PMA) in accordance with the principle of economic sovereignty.

One of the health issues in Talaga Tomoagu village, Bolangitang Barat district, North Bolaang Mongondow regency, is stunting or slow growth in children of the same age, which remains high. Based on data from the Talaga Tomoagu village Health Office, the prevalence of stunting in 2022 was 1.82%, in 2023 it increased to 5.08%, and in 2024 it further increased to 6.67%. Cases of stunting in children and toddlers are a common issue that needs to be addressed in Indonesia due to the lack of balanced nutritional intake. The aim of this program is to provide innovative healthy nutrition menus with children's food preparations (nuggets) made from moringa leaves to prevent stunting. The method used in this program is to provide direct educational counseling and demonstrations on making moringa leaf-based complementary food nuggets. The results of this innovative program show that education on healthy nutrition menus affects mothers' knowledge about stunting and its prevention efforts. After being provided with education and training on making food based on moringa leaves, the results significantly influenced the mothers' knowledge about balanced nutrition as a prevention of stunting issues in the village of Talaga Tomoagu.

Based on the data obtained, 157 babies were born with LBW in 2016. In 2017 there were 142 babies born with LBW. In 2018 there were 134 babies born with LBW. Based on the results of an initial survey conducted by researchers at the TK IV 07.01 Lhokseumawe Hospital, the prevalence of LBW every month is still high from the last 3 years. The purpose of this study was to analyse the risk factors for the incidence of low birth weight babies at the Hospital TK IV 07.01 Lhokseumawe in 2024. The design of this study was quantitative research with a retrospective approach. The population of this study was 138 people, the sample was obtained by saturated sampling technique as many as 138 people. Univariate analysis, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate using multiple logistic regression at 95% confidence level. The results showed that the variables that had a risk with the incidence of LBW in Hospital TK IV 07.01 Lhokseumawe in 2024 were multiple pregnancies (p=0.026 <0.05) and a history of premature birth (p=0.017 <0.05). Variables that did not have a risk with the incidence of LBW were maternal age (p=0.847 >0.05), preeclampsia/eclampsia (p=1.000 >0.05), pregnancy distance (p=0.0322 <0.05) and premature rupture of membranes (p=0.439 >0.05). The study concluded that the incidence of LBW was influenced by 2 factors, namely multiple pregnancies and a history of preterm birth. The most dominant factor influencing it is the history of premature pregnancy.

Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of iron and folic acid supplementation, known as iron tablets, in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing nine eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. Articles were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific keywords. The findings suggest that regular consumption of iron tablets, particularly starting in the second trimester and meeting the minimum recommended dose of 90 tablets, is effective in improving hemoglobin levels and lowering anemia prevalence. However, compliance remains a significant challenge, influenced by side effects, maternal knowledge, and social support. The review highlights the need for behavior-based interventions and family involvement to enhance adherence. The implication of this review supports the integration of targeted health education and follow-up strategies within antenatal care services to reduce anemia-related risks in pregnancy.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by impaired insulin function, impaired insulin secretion, or both, resulting in a hyperglycemic condition. Patients with type 2 DM generally exhibit characteristics such as a Random Blood Glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL and an HbA1c  level exceeding 6.5%. The accuracy of medication administration to patients must also consider the rationality of antidiabetic therapy in order to influence the success rate of optimal therapy. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of patient appropriateness and indication appropriateness in outpatients with type 2 DM at Tabanan Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Tabanan). This study employed a semi-quantitative observational research design with a retrospective approach by reviewing patient medical records from the initiation of therapy. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, whereby samples had to meet predetermined inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the age group with the highest prevalence of DM patients at RSUD Tabanan was over 56 years old (74%), with a predominance of females (63%). The most common comorbidity among DM patients was hypertension alone (24.5%). Based on the findings, the percentage of patient appropriateness rationality among DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 97.5%, while the percentage of indication appropriateness rationality in type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 98.5%.

Generation Alpha refers to children born after 2010, who are growing up in a rapidly evolving digital ecosystem. In the Indonesian context, the emergence of depressive disorders among this generation poses a critical mental health challenge that has not been thoroughly addressed. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Generation Alpha, identify the major risk factors, and evaluate current and potential preventive strategies through a narrative literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journals using platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda, with inclusion criteria covering articles published between 2019 and 2024 and relevant to children’s mental health. Findings reveal a significant increase in depressive symptoms among children aged 5 to 13 years. Key risk factors include non-democratic parenting styles, academic stress, bullying in school environments, and excessive use of digital gadgets. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning have exacerbated children’s mental health, particularly among those from low-income families or with limited access to psychological support. On the other hand, preventive strategies involving holistic approaches such as school-based mental health education, play therapy, digital mental health interventions, and Islamic spirituality-based approaches have demonstrated considerable potential in mitigating depressive symptoms. This review highlights the urgency of implementing multi-level and context-sensitive prevention strategies through collaboration between schools, families, and community-based institutions.

The rapid technological development in the Society 5.0 era has brought about a transformation in digital political participation in Indonesia as well as changes in student political participation patterns. Students, as a young intellectual group, have their own unique ways of using social media for political participation. The purpose of this research is to understand the role of social media in student political participation in the Society 5.0 era. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. In the data collection process, this research uses interview and documentation techniques involving 15 students who are engaged in intracampus organizations and students who actively use social media. To test data validity, this study uses a credibility test through source triangulation. The research findings show that Instagram and TikTok social media platforms are widely used for accessing political information. These social media platforms play an important role in shaping students' political awareness. In the Society 5.0 era, forms of student political participation through social media include engagement in online discussions, sharing political posts, and promoting hashtags related to political issues. The challenges of digital political participation include the prevalence of hoax news, buzzers, low literacy levels, and political polarization or conflicting viewpoints that become obstacles in utilizing social media as a space for student political participation.

The prevalence of hypertension in the world is currently quite high, both in Africa and Southeast Asia. The only hospital that is a referral center for the Batanghari community is the Haji Abdoel Madjied Batoe Regional Hospital. cases of hypertension are also still quite common in this hospital. Hypertension that is not controlled properly will cause various impacts on sufferers such as stroke, heart disease and even death. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management in hypertension sufferers at the Polyclinic and Inpatient Unit of the Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Regional Hospital, Batanghari. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The time and place of the study were carried out on June 12, 2023-June 30, 2023 at the Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Regional Hospital, Batanghari. The population in this study were all hypertension patients in June 2023 at the Polyclinic and Inpatient Unit of the Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Regional Hospital with a total of 110 people. The sample consisted of 87 respondents. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The results of the study showed that more than half had poor self-management (54.0%), more than half had poor self-efficacy (56.3%). There was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and self-management in hypertension patients at the Polyclinic and Inpatient of Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Batanghari Hospital. Nurses should provide leaflets about hypertension self-management when patients are going home so that the contents of the leaflet can be applied, become a concern and direction to control their blood pressure.  

Background: In 2021, there were 19.5 million diagnosed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia. In Riau Province, T2DM ranked fifth among the most common conditions treated at community health centers in 2022. Obesity, a major risk factor for T2DM, had a national adult prevalence of 21.8% (Riskesdas 2018) and 24.1% in Riau. At Puskesmas Karya Wanita, 483 new T2DM cases were recorded in 2024, with 434 patients having a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². The productive age group is particularly at risk for obesity and T2DM, yet screening remains suboptimal. Therefore, research on the relationship between obesity and T2DM at this primary healthcare facility is essential.Objective: To determine the association between obesity and the incidence of T2DM among individuals of productive age at Puskesmas Rawat Inap Karya Wanita, Pekanbaru.Methods: This was a quantitative analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample included productive age outpatients at the general clinic of Puskesmas Karya Wanita, selected using quota sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square test), and Odds Ratio analyses.Results: A significant association was found between obesity and T2DM (p = 0.0029), with an Odds Ratio of 4.517.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between obesity and T2DM in the productive age group. Individuals with obesity are 4.517 times more likely to develop T2DM compared to those without obesity.

Jambi Province has the highest prevalence of tobacco smoking among individuals aged 15 years and above in Indonesia within the past month. In addition, Jambi also records the highest average number of cigarettes smoked per day by individuals in this age group, with an average of 18 cigarettes per day. This situation highlights the significant level of tobacco consumption in the province, which may affect adolescent smoking behavior, including among vocational school students. Objective: To analyze the factors influencing smoking behavior among students of SMKN 3 Kota Jambi.  This study was a quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 114 students selected using random sampling techniques. The study was conducted at SMKN 3 Kota Jambi. The dependent variable was smoking behavior, while the independent variables included knowledge, parental influence, peer influence, and exposure to cigarette advertisements. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square test at a 95% confidence interval. The proportion of students who smoked at SMKN 3 Kota Jambi in 2025 was 46.5%. There were significant associations between smoking behavior and knowledge (p-value = 0.008; PR: 1.730; 95% CI: 1.163–2.573), parental influence (p-value = 0.023; PR: 1.597; 95% CI: 1.081–2.357), and peer influence (p-value = 0.001; PR: 2.038; 95% CI: 1.346–3.086). However, no significant association was found between exposure to cigarette advertisements and smoking behavior (p-value = 0.127; PR: 1.366; 95% CI: 0.929–2.010).The factors influencing smoking behavior among students of SMKN 3 Kota Jambi were knowledge, parental influence, and peer influence.

Fracture is a condition in which the bone structure is severed or damaged due to external pressure on the bone. Fractures can be caused by direct impact, sudden twisting movements, or even by extreme muscle contractions. The WHO states that the prevalence rate of fractures increased from 2020 by approximately 13 million (2.7%). The Ministry of Health in 2023 stated that in Indonesia around 8 million people had fractures. To determine the results of the application of religious music therapy on pain in fracture patients in Flamboyant Ward 5 of Dr Moewardi Surakarta Hospital. The application uses a case study method with a research sample of 2 respondents, the research instrument uses NRS. The intervention group reduced pain from a scale of 6 to 4, and in the control group reduced pain from a scale of 5 to 4. From this study it can be concluded that religious music therapy is more effective to reduce pain.

Obesity is a growing global health issue affecting both developed and developing countries. Despite various preventive efforts, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise. One of the emerging approaches in managing obesity and its complications is by modulating gut microbiota balance. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in energy metabolism, inflammation regulation, and insulin sensitivity. An imbalance in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is frequently observed in obese individuals and has been associated with increased insulin resistance, a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to systematically review the relationship between gut microbiota imbalance and insulin resistance in obese patients, based on literature from 2016 to 2024. The literature search was conducted through accredited databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and others using the keywords “Gut Microbes,” “Insulin Resistance,” and “Obesity.” From 500 initial articles, 10 highly relevant journals were selected for further analysis. The review findings reveal a strong association between dysbiosis and increased insulin resistance through various mechanisms, including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, activation of inflammatory pathways, and disruption of glucose metabolism. Several studies also suggest that interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may improve insulin sensitivity. However, more longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish a strong causal relationship. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining gut microbiota balance as a potential strategy in managing obesity and insulin resistance.

Enterobius vermicularis, or pinworm, continues to be a public health concern, particularly among children in coastal and densely populated areas. Though it is classified as a non-Soil Transmitted Helminth (non-STH), its fecal-oral transmission route allows rapid spread, especially where hygiene practices are inconsistent. In Indonesian coastal communities such as Lasiana, Kupang, limited studies have focused on the intersection between environmental factors, personal hygiene, and parental knowledge in relation to enterobiasis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of Enterobius vermicularis in children aged 3–9 years living in the coastal area of Lasiana Beach, Kupang. A descriptive observational study was conducted involving 81 heads of households and 24 children as research participants. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to parents to assess sanitation conditions, hygiene practices, and knowledge levels. Perianal samples were obtained from the children using the clear tape (scotch tape) method and examined microscopically to identify E. vermicularis eggs. Findings revealed that 21% of the children tested positive for E. vermicularis. The eggs displayed typical morphological features—oval shape with one flattened side and a transparent double-layered shell. Despite most respondents reporting good hygiene behavior and environmental sanitation, cases of infection persisted. Limited access to handwashing facilities and dense housing conditions were identified as contributing risk factors. The presence of Enterobius vermicularis infections despite adequate sanitation and knowledge highlights a gap between awareness and effective daily practices. These findings underscore the need for strengthened community-based health education and consistent monitoring in high-risk coastal areas to prevent enterobiasis among children.

Malaria is one of the leading cause of illness and death worldwide. The prevalence of malaria cases in Indonesia in 2024 reached 543,965 positive cases and 34 deaths. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites (protozoa) of the genus Plasmodium, which can be transmitted through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is classified as a re-emerging disease, which refers to diseases that resurface due to natural phenomena, including environmental factors such as climate, temperature, and rainfall. The most effective way to prevent and control malaria is by breaking the transmission chain. Additionally, simple preventive measures that everyone in the community can take include avoiding or reducing mosquito bites, avoiding outdoor activities at night, sleeping under a mosquito net, applying mosquito repellent, installing screens on windows, cleaning mosquito breeding sites, and clearing bushes or dense vegetation around the house. In addressing clinical issues, medications can be used to prevent and stop clinical attacks.

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems experienced by people in various age groups and work backgrounds. This complaint can be acute, subacute, or chronic, with various causes ranging from mechanical, degenerative, to psychosocial factors. This study aims to examine the characteristics of LBP through a literature review of several previous studies that focus on prevalence, risk factors, and their impact on patients' daily lives. The method used is a narrative literature review, with data sources coming from national and international journals, research reports, and academic repositories. The results of the study show that the prevalence of LBP is very high, with a significant percentage of occurrence in the elderly, pregnant women, administrative workers, and individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and non-ergonomic work posture. In addition to age, female gender, non-ideal body mass index, and long work duration, it was also found that psychosocial characteristics such as low social support and high work pressure play a role in triggering or worsening LBP. A study at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar showed that most LBP patients were elderly women with acute pain and radiological results showed lumbar spondylosis as the most common diagnosis. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of prevention through ergonomic education, work stress management, and early intervention based on a healthy lifestyle. These findings are expected to be the basis for designing promotive and preventive strategies for high-risk groups.

Preeclampsia is a complex illness that can cause health issues and even death for both the mother and the fetus. The three signs of preeclampsia include elevated blood pressure (up to 140/90 mmHg), proteinuria (high protein in the urine), and edema. Preeclampsia is linked to a number of characteristics, including as parity, age, education, occupation, history of hypertension, multiple pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the variables linked to the prevalence of preeclampsia in Tidore Regional Hospital patients who are pregnant or giving birth. This study employs a case control methodology and a descriptive analytical approach. Up to 132 respondents, comprising 66 case groups and 66 control groups, were sampled by accidental sampling. Medical records of moms who had preeclampsia were used as secondary data. A p-value of 0.001 (Sig. <0.05) indicated a relationship between parity and the incidence of preeclampsia; a p-value of 0.001 (Sig. <0.05) indicated a relationship between employment and the incidence of preeclampsia; a p-value of 0.000 (Sig. <0.05) indicated a relationship between the incidence of preeclampsia and a history of diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. preeclampsia at Tidore Regional Hospital with a p-value of 0.042 (Sig. <0.05).